Purpose: The aim of this paper is to develop a standardized and reliable measurement tool for assessing information-seeking behavior of undergraduate students.Design/methodology/approach: Based on information literacy...Purpose: The aim of this paper is to develop a standardized and reliable measurement tool for assessing information-seeking behavior of undergraduate students.Design/methodology/approach: Based on information literacy and information-seeking behavior theories, expert advice and students' interview, items of undergraduates' informationseeking behavior indicators were selected. With the analysis of homogeneity reliability, item analysis and factor analysis, this study constructs an assessment system to evaluate reliability and validity of the scale.Findings: The information-seeking behavior scale for undergraduates has divided undergraduates' information-seeking behavior into seven dimensions, which include 46 items. The reliability analysis of Cronbach's α was 0.910, and the coefficient of split-half reliability was0.817. The results of factor analysis showed that Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin(KMO) was 0.864,which indicates 55.536% of the total variation could be explained by the above seven dimensions.Research limitations: Due to a small sample size and limited sample distribution, further research need be conducted in an expanded sample size in order to explore the application scope of this evaluation system; in addition, the stability of the scale also need be confirmed.Practical implications: The paper sets up an information-seeking behavior evaluation system for undergraduates and explores the characteristics of their information-seeking behavior.This study provides guidance for the development of future information literacy education and the improvement of the information literacy level of undergraduates.Originality/value: An information-seeking behavior scale for undergraduates has been developed, which comprehensively covers information need, information source, information evaluation, information retrieval, information management, information utilization and information morality. The scale is proved to have good reliability, validity, popularity anddiscrimination that it is qualified to be an assessment tool of information-seeking behavior for Chinese undergraduates.展开更多
Purpose:This study was carried out to uncover the characteristics of information seeking behavior of researchers as faculty/student team members.Design/methodology/approach:An inventory encompassing 6 dimensions of in...Purpose:This study was carried out to uncover the characteristics of information seeking behavior of researchers as faculty/student team members.Design/methodology/approach:An inventory encompassing 6 dimensions of information seeking behavior was developed:Information awareness,information acquisition,information evaluation,information organization and management,information utilization and information ethics.Data was collected on 306 respondents from 52 faculty/student teams in Central South University in China and analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software.Findings:Significant differences were found among researchers with different genders in information awareness and in different academic disciplines in information acquisition and information utilization.The survey shows the characteristics of information seeking behavior of different gender groups and different teams:1) male participants got higher scores in all of the 6 dimensions of information seeking behavior;2) small teams performed best,followed by middle-sized teams and large teams;3) faculty/doctoral student teams possessed better information seeking skills than faculty/master’s student teams or faculty/doctoral and master’s student teams:4) medical teams achieved the highest level in all of the 6 dimensions of information seeking behavior,whereas natural science teams the lowest level.Medical and engineering teams were rated higher than other teams in information acquisition and information utilization.Research limitations:The small population size and doctoral students accounting for only a small portion of the respondents in the sample limit the generalization of our findings.Practical implications:The findings of this study have some implications for research and practice,especially for educational institutions,library science and information literacy training.Originality/value:This paper is the first to describe and analyze the characteristics of information seeking behavior of researchers as faculty/student team members.展开更多
In this article,morpholine,a non-conjugated heterocycle,is embedded intoπsystem to construct single-component organic room temperature phosphorescence(RTP)luminogens.The effect of morpholine on intermolecular interac...In this article,morpholine,a non-conjugated heterocycle,is embedded intoπsystem to construct single-component organic room temperature phosphorescence(RTP)luminogens.The effect of morpholine on intermolecular interaction,crystal packing modes,and RTP performance is investigated systematically.The experimental and theoretical calculation results illustrate the versatility of morpholine in promoting the n-π*transition and intensifying the intermolecular interactions,which not only enhances the generation of triplet excitons,but also suppresses the nonradiative decay of triplet excitons.Impressively,TMPh containing three morpholine units shows an ultralong lifetime of 1.03 s and a visible afterglow up to 10 s.The unique dual delayed emission and long afterglow property allow potential application of morpholine derivatives in data encryption,and the time-dependent color change of afterglow emission is realized after removing the excitation source,providing a high-level data security.This article provides a new perspective for the design of purely organic RTP system without utilization of metal,or even any heavy atoms.展开更多
The donor-n-conjugated-acceptor (D-n-A) structure is an important design for the luminescent materials be- cause of its diversity in the selections of donor, n-bridge and acceptor groups. Herein, we demonstrate two ...The donor-n-conjugated-acceptor (D-n-A) structure is an important design for the luminescent materials be- cause of its diversity in the selections of donor, n-bridge and acceptor groups. Herein, we demonstrate two examples of D-^-A structures capable to finely modulate the excited state properties and arrangement of energy levels, TPA-AN-BP and CZP-AN-BP, which possess the same acceptor and n-bridge but different donor. The investigation of their photophysical properties and DFT calculation revealed that the D-n-A structure with proper donor, n-bridge and acceptor can result in separation of frontier molecular orbitals on the corresponding donor and acceptor with an obvious overlap on the n-bridge, resulting in a hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) excited state with high photoluminescent (PL) efficiencies. Meanwhile, their singlet and triplet states are arranged on corresponding moie- ties with large energy gap between T2 and T1, and a small energy gap between S1 and T2, which favor the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) from high-lying triplet levels to singlet levels. As a result, the sky-blue emission non-doped OLED based on the TPA-AN-BP reached maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.39% and a high exciton utilization efficiency (EUE) of 77%. This study demonstrates a new strategy to construct highly effi- cient OLED materials.展开更多
Organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs),which have been recently utilized in some flat-panel display screens such as mobile phones and televisions,show many merits,including light weight,high flexibility,energy preservat...Organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs),which have been recently utilized in some flat-panel display screens such as mobile phones and televisions,show many merits,including light weight,high flexibility,energy preservation,and so forth,and are considered the next-generation displays and solid-state lightings.Blue-emitting materials that can be applied in nondoped OLEDs with little efficiency roll-offs at high brightness are of great importance.Here,a highly efficient,blue-emitting material,9-phenyl10-(4-(pyren-1-yl)phenyl)-9H-pyreno[4,5-d]imidazole(PyPI-Py),is achieved using pyrene[4,5-d]imidazole and pyrene as the weak electron donor and electron acceptor,respectively.The nondoped blue OLED exhibits excellent performance with a maximum brightness of 75,687 cd m^(−2),a maximum current efficiency of 13.38 cd A−1,and a maximum external quantum efficiency(ηext)of 8.52%.Moreover,theηext is maintained at 8.35%and 8.05%at a brightness of 10,000 and 50,000 cd m^(−2),respectively,displaying extremely small efficiency roll-offs of 2.0%and 5.5%.The device characteristics are among the highest values for nondoped blue OLEDs and correspond to the best performance obtained for nondoped pyrene-based blue OLEDs.The superior performance is attributed to the proper donor–acceptor design strategy which results in a quasi-equivalent hybrid local and charge-transfer excited state with the maximum generation of an 82%fraction of singlet excitons.展开更多
Neutral perylene bisimides(PBI) are well-known n-type organic semiconductors, with number of challenging electronic properties in their neutral and reduced states. We report the characteristic electronic properties of...Neutral perylene bisimides(PBI) are well-known n-type organic semiconductors, with number of challenging electronic properties in their neutral and reduced states. We report the characteristic electronic properties of PBI anionic films. We unexpectedly discovered that pristine PBI dianion film showed p-type character, while oxidized dianion film(dominant neutral state with few radical anions) showed normal n-type semiconductor character based on Seebeck effect measurements. Both kinds of films exhibit high electrical conductivity with a potential for thermoelectric applications. The mechanism of polarity reversal is proposed.展开更多
A pure-blue light-emitting material is one of the key components in the preparation of organic lightemitting diode(OLED)displays.Although highefficiency blue OLEDs have been realized in thermally activated delayed flu...A pure-blue light-emitting material is one of the key components in the preparation of organic lightemitting diode(OLED)displays.Although highefficiency blue OLEDs have been realized in thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)materials,they need to be dispersed into suitable hostmaterials.Hence,exploring efficient nondoped,pure-blue luminous molecules is important.展开更多
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:11BTQ044)the Innovative Training Program for College Students in Changsha University(Grant No:CW11255)
文摘Purpose: The aim of this paper is to develop a standardized and reliable measurement tool for assessing information-seeking behavior of undergraduate students.Design/methodology/approach: Based on information literacy and information-seeking behavior theories, expert advice and students' interview, items of undergraduates' informationseeking behavior indicators were selected. With the analysis of homogeneity reliability, item analysis and factor analysis, this study constructs an assessment system to evaluate reliability and validity of the scale.Findings: The information-seeking behavior scale for undergraduates has divided undergraduates' information-seeking behavior into seven dimensions, which include 46 items. The reliability analysis of Cronbach's α was 0.910, and the coefficient of split-half reliability was0.817. The results of factor analysis showed that Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin(KMO) was 0.864,which indicates 55.536% of the total variation could be explained by the above seven dimensions.Research limitations: Due to a small sample size and limited sample distribution, further research need be conducted in an expanded sample size in order to explore the application scope of this evaluation system; in addition, the stability of the scale also need be confirmed.Practical implications: The paper sets up an information-seeking behavior evaluation system for undergraduates and explores the characteristics of their information-seeking behavior.This study provides guidance for the development of future information literacy education and the improvement of the information literacy level of undergraduates.Originality/value: An information-seeking behavior scale for undergraduates has been developed, which comprehensively covers information need, information source, information evaluation, information retrieval, information management, information utilization and information morality. The scale is proved to have good reliability, validity, popularity anddiscrimination that it is qualified to be an assessment tool of information-seeking behavior for Chinese undergraduates.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:11BTQ044)
文摘Purpose:This study was carried out to uncover the characteristics of information seeking behavior of researchers as faculty/student team members.Design/methodology/approach:An inventory encompassing 6 dimensions of information seeking behavior was developed:Information awareness,information acquisition,information evaluation,information organization and management,information utilization and information ethics.Data was collected on 306 respondents from 52 faculty/student teams in Central South University in China and analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software.Findings:Significant differences were found among researchers with different genders in information awareness and in different academic disciplines in information acquisition and information utilization.The survey shows the characteristics of information seeking behavior of different gender groups and different teams:1) male participants got higher scores in all of the 6 dimensions of information seeking behavior;2) small teams performed best,followed by middle-sized teams and large teams;3) faculty/doctoral student teams possessed better information seeking skills than faculty/master’s student teams or faculty/doctoral and master’s student teams:4) medical teams achieved the highest level in all of the 6 dimensions of information seeking behavior,whereas natural science teams the lowest level.Medical and engineering teams were rated higher than other teams in information acquisition and information utilization.Research limitations:The small population size and doctoral students accounting for only a small portion of the respondents in the sample limit the generalization of our findings.Practical implications:The findings of this study have some implications for research and practice,especially for educational institutions,library science and information literacy training.Originality/value:This paper is the first to describe and analyze the characteristics of information seeking behavior of researchers as faculty/student team members.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075100)the Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department(20220201082GX)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices(South China University of Technology,2021-skllmd)。
文摘In this article,morpholine,a non-conjugated heterocycle,is embedded intoπsystem to construct single-component organic room temperature phosphorescence(RTP)luminogens.The effect of morpholine on intermolecular interaction,crystal packing modes,and RTP performance is investigated systematically.The experimental and theoretical calculation results illustrate the versatility of morpholine in promoting the n-π*transition and intensifying the intermolecular interactions,which not only enhances the generation of triplet excitons,but also suppresses the nonradiative decay of triplet excitons.Impressively,TMPh containing three morpholine units shows an ultralong lifetime of 1.03 s and a visible afterglow up to 10 s.The unique dual delayed emission and long afterglow property allow potential application of morpholine derivatives in data encryption,and the time-dependent color change of afterglow emission is realized after removing the excitation source,providing a high-level data security.This article provides a new perspective for the design of purely organic RTP system without utilization of metal,or even any heavy atoms.
文摘The donor-n-conjugated-acceptor (D-n-A) structure is an important design for the luminescent materials be- cause of its diversity in the selections of donor, n-bridge and acceptor groups. Herein, we demonstrate two examples of D-^-A structures capable to finely modulate the excited state properties and arrangement of energy levels, TPA-AN-BP and CZP-AN-BP, which possess the same acceptor and n-bridge but different donor. The investigation of their photophysical properties and DFT calculation revealed that the D-n-A structure with proper donor, n-bridge and acceptor can result in separation of frontier molecular orbitals on the corresponding donor and acceptor with an obvious overlap on the n-bridge, resulting in a hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) excited state with high photoluminescent (PL) efficiencies. Meanwhile, their singlet and triplet states are arranged on corresponding moie- ties with large energy gap between T2 and T1, and a small energy gap between S1 and T2, which favor the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) from high-lying triplet levels to singlet levels. As a result, the sky-blue emission non-doped OLED based on the TPA-AN-BP reached maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.39% and a high exciton utilization efficiency (EUE) of 77%. This study demonstrates a new strategy to construct highly effi- cient OLED materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62004074,51727809)the Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province(2019AAA063,2020BAA016)。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.91833304,51903032,and 21774047)the Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department(no.20180201084GX)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(no.LH2019B002)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(nos.LBH-TZ1003 and LBH-Z17014)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices(South China University of Technology,no.2021-skllmd)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs),which have been recently utilized in some flat-panel display screens such as mobile phones and televisions,show many merits,including light weight,high flexibility,energy preservation,and so forth,and are considered the next-generation displays and solid-state lightings.Blue-emitting materials that can be applied in nondoped OLEDs with little efficiency roll-offs at high brightness are of great importance.Here,a highly efficient,blue-emitting material,9-phenyl10-(4-(pyren-1-yl)phenyl)-9H-pyreno[4,5-d]imidazole(PyPI-Py),is achieved using pyrene[4,5-d]imidazole and pyrene as the weak electron donor and electron acceptor,respectively.The nondoped blue OLED exhibits excellent performance with a maximum brightness of 75,687 cd m^(−2),a maximum current efficiency of 13.38 cd A−1,and a maximum external quantum efficiency(ηext)of 8.52%.Moreover,theηext is maintained at 8.35%and 8.05%at a brightness of 10,000 and 50,000 cd m^(−2),respectively,displaying extremely small efficiency roll-offs of 2.0%and 5.5%.The device characteristics are among the highest values for nondoped blue OLEDs and correspond to the best performance obtained for nondoped pyrene-based blue OLEDs.The superior performance is attributed to the proper donor–acceptor design strategy which results in a quasi-equivalent hybrid local and charge-transfer excited state with the maximum generation of an 82%fraction of singlet excitons.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51573055, 51373054, 21334002, 51403063)National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB643504)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesChina Postdoctoral Science Fund (2014M562174)Introduced Innovative Research & Development Team of Guangdong (201101C0105067115)
文摘Neutral perylene bisimides(PBI) are well-known n-type organic semiconductors, with number of challenging electronic properties in their neutral and reduced states. We report the characteristic electronic properties of PBI anionic films. We unexpectedly discovered that pristine PBI dianion film showed p-type character, while oxidized dianion film(dominant neutral state with few radical anions) showed normal n-type semiconductor character based on Seebeck effect measurements. Both kinds of films exhibit high electrical conductivity with a potential for thermoelectric applications. The mechanism of polarity reversal is proposed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.51873095 and 51673105)the Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao City of China(no.16-5-1-89-jch)+1 种基金the Open Project of the State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials of Jilin University(no.SKLSSM-202032)the Key Project of Higher Educational Science and Technology Program of Shandong Province of China(no.J18KZ001)for their support.
文摘A pure-blue light-emitting material is one of the key components in the preparation of organic lightemitting diode(OLED)displays.Although highefficiency blue OLEDs have been realized in thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)materials,they need to be dispersed into suitable hostmaterials.Hence,exploring efficient nondoped,pure-blue luminous molecules is important.