Effect of Electroplating Waste water on Immune Function in Kunming Mice

Electroplating waste water is considered to be harmful to health of animals. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that electroplating waste water would suppress immune functions in Kunming mice. Twenty-six mice were randomly divided into the control group (n = 13) and the experimental group (n = 13), in which the latter drank electroplating waste water. We found that body mass and most organ wet masses (heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, stomach, caecum, colon, testes, epididymis, seminal vesicals) were not influenced by electroplating waste water. However, stomach with its content, small intestine, small intestine with its contents and colon with its contents were higher in the experimental group than in the control group. As expected, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) response indicative of cellular immunity was suppressed by electroplating waste water. White blood cells, thymus and spleen mass were all not response to electroplating waste water. Taken together, electroplating waste water had different effects on distinct components of immune system in Kunming mice.

Study on Obstacles to Continuous Cropping of Vegetables and Soil Remediation Technology

Firstly,this paper analyzes the cause of obstacles to continuous cropping of vegetables,and then introduces the soil ecological remediation technology used for overcoming obstacles to continuous cropping of vegetables. Finally,this paper analyzes the effect of applying soil ecological remediation technology in overcoming obstacles to continuous cropping of vegetables.

Stochastic Food Deprivation Increases Cellular Immunity in Kunming Mice

Animals’ immunity is an important factor to determine their survival and fitness. Unpredictable food shortage is common to small mammals due to fluctuation of food resources throughout a year. In general, acute food deprivation (FD) inhibited immune function in rodents. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that stochastic FD would also suppress T cell-mediated immunity in mice. Fifteen adult male Kunming mice were randomly assigned into the Fed (n = 7) and FD (n = 8) groups, in which the latter were subjected to stochastic FD regime. Unexpectedly, T cell-mediated immunity assessed by PHA response was increased in the FD mice compared with the fed controls. However, body fat mass, wet thymus and spleen mass, white blood cells, serum leptin and corticosterone concentrations did not differ between the Fed and FD groups. Taken together, stochastic food deprivation can enhance cellular immunity in Kunming mice.

Effect of Aldicarb Exposure on Cellular Immunity and Antioxidant Capacity in Kun-ming Mice

Immune function and antioxidant defense play an important role in protecting animals against pathogens and in controlling oxidative stress, respectively. Aldicarb is of great concern for human health due to its toxic nature, its extensive usage and consequent pollution. The hypothesis that aldicarb exposure would suppress immune function and antioxidant capacity in Kunming mice was to be tested in the present study. Twenty-three adult male mice were randomly divided into the control (n = 11) and the aldicarb treated (n = 12) groups. Food and water were provided ad libtum for both groups, while the aldicarb treated mice drank aldicarb solution (0.097 mg/L) for 22 days. Cellular immunity assessed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) response did not differ between the control and the aldicarb treated groups. Similarly, white blood cells were not influenced by aldicarb treatment. Moreover, aldicarb exposure had not significant effect on body mass, all organ masses detected. However, aldicarb treatment suppressed total antioxidant capacity in liver but not in kidneys. In summary, aldicarb treatment did not affect immune function, but suppressed liver antioxidant capacity in Kunming mice.

Impairment of Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Cellular Immunity in Kunming Mice

Immunity is crucial to the health of animals and it can determine their survival and fitness. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used as a plasticizer and hence is the most abundant phthalate in the environment. Exposure to DEHP is of great concern for human health. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to DEHP would suppress T cell-mediated immunity in mice. Twenty adult male Kunming mice were randomly assigned into the control (n = 10) and the DEHP treatment (n = 10) groups. Both groups have free access to food and water, while the mice in the latter group drank DEHP solution (2000 mg/L) for 42 days. T cell-mediated immunity assessed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) response was depressed in the DEHP treated mice compared with the controls, however, wet thymus and spleen mass, white blood cells were not influenced by DEHP treatment. Taken together, different immunological parameters responded differently to DEHP treatment in Kunming mice.

High Body Mass Has No Effect on Cellular and Innate Immunity in Siberian Hamsters (<i>Phodopus sungorus</i>)

Body mass is considered to be related with immune function in animals. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that cellular and innate immunity would be suppressed in high body mass of Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). Six heavier (high body mass, HBM) and six lighter (low body mass, LBM) hamsters were selected from 28 male hamsters. Body mass, body fat mass, wet spleen mass and blood glucose levels were significantly higher in the HBM group than in the LBM group. However, phytohaemagglutinin response, serum bacteria killing capacity and white blood cells did not differ between the two groups, suggesting cellular and innate immunity was?not impaired in high body mass of hamsters. There was no correlation between cellular, innate immunity and body mass, body fat mass and glucose levels, suggesting cellular and innate immunity was?not suppressed by higher body mass, body fat mass and glucose levels. In summary, cellular and innate immunity was not impaired in the HBM hamsters compared with the LBM hamsters.

Impairment of cellular and humoral immunity in overweight Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

Animal immunity is usually impaired in obesity.We know little about the effect of being overweight or obese on the immune function of wild rodents.The present study is aimed to test the hypothesis that immunity is suppressed in overweight Mongolian gerbils(Meriones unguiculatus).In the study,16 overweight(body mass:90.8-127.6 g)and 16 lean gerbils(body mass:60.5-77.7 g)were randomly selected from a total of 174 male gerbils(body mass range:55.8-144.7 g).Half of the overweight and lean males were injected with sterile saline;the others were immunochallenged(IC)with phytohaemagglutinin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin to assess cellular and humoral immunity,respectively.Body fat mass,wet and dry spleen mass,leukocyte counts,blood glucose levels and serum leptin levels were significantly higher in the overweight gerbils than in the lean gerbils.However,phytohemagglutinin response indicative of cellular immunity and immunoglobulin G concentrations was significantly lower in the IC overweight gerbils than in the IC lean gerbils.These results indicate that cellular and humoral immunity are impaired in the overweight gerbils.Excessive body fat mass,higher leukocyte counts and serum leptin levels imply that overweight gerbils are in a low grade inflammatory state.