Powerful platform operators always set price limits for sellers on the platform. This paper establishes Stackelberg game models according to two pricing models when the manufacturer enters the third-party e-commerce p...Powerful platform operators always set price limits for sellers on the platform. This paper establishes Stackelberg game models according to two pricing models when the manufacturer enters the third-party e-commerce platform and sells products online. The first is a seller-pricing model in which the manufacturer decides the online price. The second is a platform-pricing model in which the platform decides the online price. We obtain the equilibrium results for these two models and the condition that allows the manufacturer to adopt the dual-channel strategy by comparing the operation decisions and performance of supply-chain members in the two models. Results show that the dual-channel strategy of the manufacturer always decreases the profit of the traditional retailer. In comparison with the sellerpricing model, the platform-pricing model always erodes parts of the manufacturers profit obtained by the dual-channel strategy. The manufacturer will pass on the partial loss to the retailer using relative leadership in the platform-pricing model, which renders the profit of the retailer lower than that in the seller-pricing model. Also, price limits do not always bring the platform more profits;sometimes the platform is forced to set a low price.展开更多
A green,efficient and convenient N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed procedure for the synthesis of novel 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivates via condensation of o-aminonitriles and various carbonyl compounds was d...A green,efficient and convenient N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed procedure for the synthesis of novel 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivates via condensation of o-aminonitriles and various carbonyl compounds was described.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(83118046)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3132018170,3132018171)Social Science Foundation of Dalian(2017dlskyb024)
文摘Powerful platform operators always set price limits for sellers on the platform. This paper establishes Stackelberg game models according to two pricing models when the manufacturer enters the third-party e-commerce platform and sells products online. The first is a seller-pricing model in which the manufacturer decides the online price. The second is a platform-pricing model in which the platform decides the online price. We obtain the equilibrium results for these two models and the condition that allows the manufacturer to adopt the dual-channel strategy by comparing the operation decisions and performance of supply-chain members in the two models. Results show that the dual-channel strategy of the manufacturer always decreases the profit of the traditional retailer. In comparison with the sellerpricing model, the platform-pricing model always erodes parts of the manufacturers profit obtained by the dual-channel strategy. The manufacturer will pass on the partial loss to the retailer using relative leadership in the platform-pricing model, which renders the profit of the retailer lower than that in the seller-pricing model. Also, price limits do not always bring the platform more profits;sometimes the platform is forced to set a low price.
基金Financial support from the International S&T Cooperation Program of China(No.2012DFR40240)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘A green,efficient and convenient N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed procedure for the synthesis of novel 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivates via condensation of o-aminonitriles and various carbonyl compounds was described.
