ULK1(unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1),a mammalian serine/threonine kinase,is a key component of autophagy initiation complex and helps to induce all types of autophagy.Canonical autophagy is a process in whi...ULK1(unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1),a mammalian serine/threonine kinase,is a key component of autophagy initiation complex and helps to induce all types of autophagy.Canonical autophagy is a process in which,through the interactions of a series of autophagy-related proteins,damaged organelles or misfolded proteins are engulfed by autophagosomes and then merged with lysosomes to be degraded.Thus,canonical autophagy is an important constituent part of the cellular“quality control.”Besides,accumulating evidence indicates that ULK1 exerts autophagy-independent effects in a cell-specific manner.For example,ULK1 facilitates neurite elongation through the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum(ER)–Golgi trafficking in neurons,stimulates phosphopentose pathway to help NADPH(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen)production,and acts as a duplex regulator in type I IFN(type I interferon)induced innate immune response.Considering the importance and diversity of ULK1 in various biological processes,this review aims to present a comprehensive overview of autophagy and non-autophagy related functions of ULK1 in a variety of human physiological,pathological,and disease processes.展开更多
In October 2012,an evaluation using potential ecological hazard risk index was carried out on soil heavy metal pollution around AgSb deposit tailing areas in northeastern Guangdong. Results indicate that( i) soil heav...In October 2012,an evaluation using potential ecological hazard risk index was carried out on soil heavy metal pollution around AgSb deposit tailing areas in northeastern Guangdong. Results indicate that( i) soil heavy metal pollution is mainly Cd-Ni compound pollution,including Cd content 0. 31- 2. 66 mg / kg( average content is 1. 11 mg / kg),the situation of exceeding standard is serious( the rate of exceeding standard is 100%); the total potential ecological hazard risk index( RI) is between 50 and 300,and it is moderate pollution;( ii) in soil heavy metal content,only Ni and Cu are positively correlated. Since there is certain degree of Ni pollution in this deposit,the synergetic effect of Cu and Ni may deteriorate Ni pollution.展开更多
Understanding of hydrological processes in caves is important to help us interpret paleoclimate records from speleothems. In this study, we integrated hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical properties to characterize th...Understanding of hydrological processes in caves is important to help us interpret paleoclimate records from speleothems. In this study, we integrated hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical properties to characterize the hydraulic behavior of karst waters in the Heshang Cave, Central China. Using geological and topographical analyses, we identified regional watershed boundaries and hydrogeological connections that were controlled by anticlinal geometry and faults. Water samples were collected from the Heshang Cave and potential recharge sites. Geochemical data of c（Sr^2＋）/c（Ca^2＋） and c（Mg^2＋）/c（Ca^2＋） ratios suggest that the drainage system in Heshang Cave consists of two flow paths. For vadose waters, including drip water and rimstone pool water, c（Sr^2＋）/c（Ca^2＋） ratio ranges from 0.000 6 to 0.001 1, and c（Mg^2＋）/c（Ca^2＋） ratio ranges from 0.97 to 1.1, indicating that recharge was mainly from rainfall infiltration through the overlying Cambrian dolomite stratum. In contrast, slope current and underground river waters have higher c（Sr^2＋）/c（Ca^2＋） ratios （values from 0.002 2 to 0.002 8）, and lower c（Mg2＋）/c（Ca^2＋） ratios （values from 0.50 to 0.64）. These waters show homogeneous isotopic composition （δ^18O： -7.15‰- -6.95‰; δD： -52.73‰- -51.31‰）, implying recharge of allogeneic water from the Xiaocr River via karst conduits that pass through Ordovician limestone and Cambrian dolomite stratum.展开更多
The origin of the central Qiangtang metamorphic belt(CQMB)has long been in debate,which is not clear whether this belt is the exhumed Jinsha oceanic plate that had been subducted and underthrusted beneath the Qiangtan...The origin of the central Qiangtang metamorphic belt(CQMB)has long been in debate,which is not clear whether this belt is the exhumed Jinsha oceanic plate that had been subducted and underthrusted beneath the Qiangtang Block,or the in situ Longmu Co-Shuanghu suture that separated the south and north Qiangtang blocks.Here we report field observations,zircon U-Pb ages and Lu-Hf isotopes,as well as whole rock geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopes of the Late Triassic volcanic rocks near the Chabo Co within the southern margin of the CQMB.The ca.229 Ma Chabo Co volcanic rocks and limestones possess characteristic lithologies of a seamount.Their geochemical and isotopic compositions are similar to OIB-type lavas.Unlike other metabasalts(eclogites and blueschists)in the CQMB,the Chabo Co volcanic rocks are OIB-type lavas that did not experience high-grade metamorphism;this is likely because that the Chabo Co seamount was detached from the subducting Longmu Co-Shuanghu oceanic slab.This work provides new solid evidences for an in situ origin of the CQMB.展开更多
Background and Aims:Hepatic arterioportal fistulas(HAPFs)are abnormal shunts or aberrant functional con-nections between the portal venous and the hepatic arte-rial systems.Detection of HAPFs has increased with the ad...Background and Aims:Hepatic arterioportal fistulas(HAPFs)are abnormal shunts or aberrant functional con-nections between the portal venous and the hepatic arte-rial systems.Detection of HAPFs has increased with the ad-vances in diagnostic techniques.Presence of HAPFs over a prolonged period can aggravate liver cirrhosis and further deteriorate liver function.However,the underlying causes of HAPFs and the treatment outcomes are now well character-ized.This study aimed to summarize the clinical character-istics of patients with HAPFs,and to compare the outcomes of different treatment modalities.Methods:Data of 97 pa-tients with HAPFs who were admitted to the Second Xiang-ya Hospital between January 2010 and January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.Demographic information,clinical manifestations,underlying causes,treatment options,and short-term outcomes were analyzed.Results:The main cause of HAPF in our cohort was hepatocellular carcinoma(78/97,80.41%),followed by cirrhosis(10/97,10.31%).The main clinical manifestations were abdominal distention and abdominal pain.Treatment methods included transcath-eter arterial embolization(n=63,64.9%),surgery(n=13,13.4%),and liver transplantation(n=2,2.1%);nineteen(19.6%)patients received conservative treatment.Among patients who underwent transcatheter arterial embolization,polyvinyl alcohol,lipiodol combined with gelatin sponge,and spring steel ring showed comparable efficacy.Conclusions:Hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis are common causes of HAPFs.Transcatheter arterial embolization is a safe and effective method for the treatment of HAPFs,and polyvinyl alcohol,lipiodol combined with gelatin sponge,and spring steel ring showed comparable efficacy in our cohort.展开更多
基金the National Key Clinical Specialties with Grant No.WBYZH2012650.
文摘ULK1(unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1),a mammalian serine/threonine kinase,is a key component of autophagy initiation complex and helps to induce all types of autophagy.Canonical autophagy is a process in which,through the interactions of a series of autophagy-related proteins,damaged organelles or misfolded proteins are engulfed by autophagosomes and then merged with lysosomes to be degraded.Thus,canonical autophagy is an important constituent part of the cellular“quality control.”Besides,accumulating evidence indicates that ULK1 exerts autophagy-independent effects in a cell-specific manner.For example,ULK1 facilitates neurite elongation through the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum(ER)–Golgi trafficking in neurons,stimulates phosphopentose pathway to help NADPH(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen)production,and acts as a duplex regulator in type I IFN(type I interferon)induced innate immune response.Considering the importance and diversity of ULK1 in various biological processes,this review aims to present a comprehensive overview of autophagy and non-autophagy related functions of ULK1 in a variety of human physiological,pathological,and disease processes.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2012A030700006)Key Sci-tech Innovation Project for Institutions of Higher Education in Guangdong Province(cxzd 1132)Joint Natural Science Project of Meizhou and Jiaying University(2011KJM08)
文摘In October 2012,an evaluation using potential ecological hazard risk index was carried out on soil heavy metal pollution around AgSb deposit tailing areas in northeastern Guangdong. Results indicate that( i) soil heavy metal pollution is mainly Cd-Ni compound pollution,including Cd content 0. 31- 2. 66 mg / kg( average content is 1. 11 mg / kg),the situation of exceeding standard is serious( the rate of exceeding standard is 100%); the total potential ecological hazard risk index( RI) is between 50 and 300,and it is moderate pollution;( ii) in soil heavy metal content,only Ni and Cu are positively correlated. Since there is certain degree of Ni pollution in this deposit,the synergetic effect of Cu and Ni may deteriorate Ni pollution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.91125009,91325101,and 06013024)
文摘Understanding of hydrological processes in caves is important to help us interpret paleoclimate records from speleothems. In this study, we integrated hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical properties to characterize the hydraulic behavior of karst waters in the Heshang Cave, Central China. Using geological and topographical analyses, we identified regional watershed boundaries and hydrogeological connections that were controlled by anticlinal geometry and faults. Water samples were collected from the Heshang Cave and potential recharge sites. Geochemical data of c（Sr^2＋）/c（Ca^2＋） and c（Mg^2＋）/c（Ca^2＋） ratios suggest that the drainage system in Heshang Cave consists of two flow paths. For vadose waters, including drip water and rimstone pool water, c（Sr^2＋）/c（Ca^2＋） ratio ranges from 0.000 6 to 0.001 1, and c（Mg^2＋）/c（Ca^2＋） ratio ranges from 0.97 to 1.1, indicating that recharge was mainly from rainfall infiltration through the overlying Cambrian dolomite stratum. In contrast, slope current and underground river waters have higher c（Sr^2＋）/c（Ca^2＋） ratios （values from 0.002 2 to 0.002 8）, and lower c（Mg2＋）/c（Ca^2＋） ratios （values from 0.50 to 0.64）. These waters show homogeneous isotopic composition （δ^18O： -7.15‰- -6.95‰; δD： -52.73‰- -51.31‰）, implying recharge of allogeneic water from the Xiaocr River via karst conduits that pass through Ordovician limestone and Cambrian dolomite stratum.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41702212,41672054)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities,China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (Nos. CUGL170816 and CUGQYZX1745)
文摘The origin of the central Qiangtang metamorphic belt(CQMB)has long been in debate,which is not clear whether this belt is the exhumed Jinsha oceanic plate that had been subducted and underthrusted beneath the Qiangtang Block,or the in situ Longmu Co-Shuanghu suture that separated the south and north Qiangtang blocks.Here we report field observations,zircon U-Pb ages and Lu-Hf isotopes,as well as whole rock geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopes of the Late Triassic volcanic rocks near the Chabo Co within the southern margin of the CQMB.The ca.229 Ma Chabo Co volcanic rocks and limestones possess characteristic lithologies of a seamount.Their geochemical and isotopic compositions are similar to OIB-type lavas.Unlike other metabasalts(eclogites and blueschists)in the CQMB,the Chabo Co volcanic rocks are OIB-type lavas that did not experience high-grade metamorphism;this is likely because that the Chabo Co seamount was detached from the subducting Longmu Co-Shuanghu oceanic slab.This work provides new solid evidences for an in situ origin of the CQMB.
文摘Background and Aims:Hepatic arterioportal fistulas(HAPFs)are abnormal shunts or aberrant functional con-nections between the portal venous and the hepatic arte-rial systems.Detection of HAPFs has increased with the ad-vances in diagnostic techniques.Presence of HAPFs over a prolonged period can aggravate liver cirrhosis and further deteriorate liver function.However,the underlying causes of HAPFs and the treatment outcomes are now well character-ized.This study aimed to summarize the clinical character-istics of patients with HAPFs,and to compare the outcomes of different treatment modalities.Methods:Data of 97 pa-tients with HAPFs who were admitted to the Second Xiang-ya Hospital between January 2010 and January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.Demographic information,clinical manifestations,underlying causes,treatment options,and short-term outcomes were analyzed.Results:The main cause of HAPF in our cohort was hepatocellular carcinoma(78/97,80.41%),followed by cirrhosis(10/97,10.31%).The main clinical manifestations were abdominal distention and abdominal pain.Treatment methods included transcath-eter arterial embolization(n=63,64.9%),surgery(n=13,13.4%),and liver transplantation(n=2,2.1%);nineteen(19.6%)patients received conservative treatment.Among patients who underwent transcatheter arterial embolization,polyvinyl alcohol,lipiodol combined with gelatin sponge,and spring steel ring showed comparable efficacy.Conclusions:Hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis are common causes of HAPFs.Transcatheter arterial embolization is a safe and effective method for the treatment of HAPFs,and polyvinyl alcohol,lipiodol combined with gelatin sponge,and spring steel ring showed comparable efficacy in our cohort.
