Ultrasound in Ti-Rads Classification of Thyroid Nodules at the Marie Curie Medical Clinic

Introduction: A thyroid nodule is a localized hypertrophy within the thyroid parenchyma. The aim of our study was to study the benefit of ultrasound in the Ti-rads classification of thyroid nodules. Methodology: This was a prospective study with a descriptive aim, with prospective collection, which took place over a period of 17 months at the “Marie Curie” medical clinic. The ultrasound machine used was a Voluson E8 from 2011 and the examinations were carried out by two radiologists and two experienced sonographers. The parameters studied were sociodemographic data;clinical data and ultrasound aspects of the Ti-rads classification in the management of nodules. Results: We collected 235 patients out of 738 patients referred to the service for a cervical ultrasound, i.e. a frequency of 31.84% of cases. There was a female predominance with 95.7% of cases and a sex ratio of 0.04. The average age of our patients was 50 years. We found on cervical ultrasound: Isthmo-lobar glandular hyperplasia in 99 patients, i.e. a frequency of 42.1%. The Ti-rads 3 classification was the most represented in 69.4% of cases. The benignity criterion represented 85.6% of cases in our patients and the malignancy criterion represented 14.4% of cases. Conclusion: The precise description of a thyroid nodule provided by ultrasound (Ti-rads) is essential in the management of nodules.

Profile of Radiological Examinations in the Radiology and Medical Imaging Department of the Medical Clinic “KALALE” in Mali

Introduction: Radiology and medical imaging examinations bring together the means of acquiring and restoring images of the human body from different physical phenomena such as the absorption of X-rays, nuclear magnetic resonance, reflection of ultrasound waves or radioactivity, with which we sometimes associate optical imaging techniques such as endoscopy. The objective of our study was to study the profile of radiological examinations in the radiology and medical imaging department of the “KALALE” medical clinic. Methodology: This was a descriptive, prospective study that took place over a period of six (6) months in the radiology and medical imaging department of the “KALALE” medical clinic and the centers of health of communes III and IV of Bamako in Mali. Data collection was carried out on a survey form. The parameters studied were sociodemographic data, clinical data, radiological data. Results: We recorded 6030 radiology examinations of which 19% of the examination frequency cases came from the “KALALE” medical clinic and 81% of the cases were referrals from the reference health centers of communes III and IV. There were 1500 X-rays or 24.9% of cases including 54% cases of bone X-rays;5% of cases of skull and face X-rays;5% of cases of Intravenous Urography (IVU);4% of cases of Hysterosalpingography (HSG);3% of cases of Retrograde Ureterocystography (UCR) and 1% of cases of X-ray of the Abdomen without preparation (ASP). We found 4530 ultrasounds or 75.1% of cases. Conclusion: Medical imaging has become essential in the study of the human body and now constitutes an essential tool for the detection and treatment of most pathologies, from simple fractures to the most serious tumors.

Anemia in the Elderly: Frequency and Etiologies at University Hospital Center of Point G

Introduction: Older people are exposed to particular health problems that must be taken into account, including anemia defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in people aged 65 and over hemoglobin < 13 g/dl in men and < 12 g/dl in women. Objectives: To determine the frequency of anemia, to describe its clinical and paraclinical aspects, and to determine the etiologies. Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with prospective data collection that took place in the Department of Internal Medicine of the Point G CHU in Mali from January 1st, 2018 to August 31st, 2018, covering all elderly patients. At least 65 years old hospitalized and/or having consulted and presenting with anemia. Anemia was defined as Hb < 13 g/dl in men and < 12 g/dl in women (WHO definition). Biological markers were collected at admission. Results: Anemia was observed in 42 patients in 160 elderly patients, a prevalence of 26%, the age of our patients ranged from 65 to 90 years. The sex ratio was 1.33. Fifty percent (50%) of the patients had high blood pressure as antecedents. Weight loss was found in 69% of cases;47.6% of patients had dyspnea on admission. Tachycardia was the physical sign associated with anemia present in 85.7% of them. The mean hemoglobin level was 9.2 g/dl ± 2.03: thus 50% of the subjects had microcytic and or hypochromic anemia. The etiologies found were infectious in 31.0% of cases, inflammatory in 31.0% of cases, renal in 14.2% of cases. Chronic hemorrhage, acute haemorrhage, hemolysis accounted for 2.4% each. We observed 9.5% of unexplained causes. Conclusion: The frequency of anemia is high. Nearly half of the geriatric population has anemia. The lack of means and the nonperformance of the technical platform to perform all examinations in the etiological research of anemia have a significant impact on the rate of unexplained anemias.