Cohesive Soil Stabilized Using Sewage Sludge Ash/Cement and Nano Aluminum Oxide

In order to improve soft soil strength,a mixture of incinerated sewage sludge ash(SSA)and cement was applied as a soil stabilizer.The intended mix ratio for SSA and cement was 3:1.A-6 clay was selected as the untreated soil.In this study,15%of clay soil was replaced by SSA/cement to produce the treated soil specimens.Then,four different volumes,namely 0,1,2,and 3%,of nano-Al_(2)O_(3) were mixed with the treated soil as an additive.Tests such as compaction,pH values,Atterberg limits,unconfined compressive strength(UCS),swell potential,California bearing ratio(CBR),and permeability were performed.The results indicate that both UCSs and CBR values of untreated soil were greatly improved by the use of 15%SSA/cement.Moreover,a 1%addition of nano-Al_(2)O_(3) enhanced the treated soil in terms of both UCS and CBR values.Furthermore,the swell potential was effectively reduced by the use of 15%SSA/cement as compared with untreated soil and the 1%nano-Al_(2)O_(3) additive fraction offered the best performance.From this study,we conclude that 15%of SSA/cement replacement could effectively stabilize A-6 clay soil,and 1%of nano-Al_(2)O_(3) additive may be the optimum amount to add to the soil.

Waste Foundry Sand Reused as Clay Replacement for Tile Manufacture

In an effort to extend the reutilization of waste foundry sand(WFS),we evaluated the use of WFS as a replacement for clay in tile manufacturing.The effects of WFS addition on the properties of clay tile specimens were investigated at six different levels of WFS replacement:0,10,15,20,40,and 60%.These specimens were fired at one of three different kiln temperatures:1,000,1,050,and 1,100ºC.Various physical analyses were performed to determine the properties of the finished tiles.The results of this study indicate that the properties of the tile specimens were improved by WFS supplementation and that the optimal clay replacement level was 15%WFS.