DIA-based quantitative proteomic analysis on porcine meat quality at different chilling rates

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chilling rate on porcine meat quality from the perspective of proteome using data independent acquisition(DIA)-based quantitative proteomic strategy. M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum(n = 9) was assigned randomly to the control group(3.72 ℃/h), very fast chilling-Ⅰ group(VFC-Ⅰ, 9.31℃/h) and VFC-Ⅱ group(14.43 ℃/h). The DIA was used to analyze the difference in proteins under different chilling rates. Results showed that tenderness was improved significantly in meat at the chilling rate of 14.43 ℃/h. Seventy-nine differential abundant proteins(fold change > 1.5, P < 0.05), including 46 up-regulated and 33 down-regulated proteins, were identified and mainly involved in carbon metabolism, pyruvate metabolism and proteasome pathways. These pathways indicated that VFC delayed cell metabolism and glycolysis by down-regulating the expression of metabolic enzymes. The tenderness was improved by up-regulating the expression of proteasome and m-calpain.

Effect of titin phosphorylation on degradation of titin from skeletal muscles

The degradation of titin could make the myofibrillar fragmentation to improve meat tenderization during postmortem.This study aimed to investigate effect of phosphorylation on titin degradation.Protein kinase A(PKA)and alkaline phosphatase(AP)were added to crude titin extracted from ovine longissimus lumborum(LL)muscles.Phosphorylated/dephosphorylated titin were incubated withμ-calpain at 4℃ for 2 days.Results showed titin in AP group started degradation earlier than that in PKA and control groups.There were 20,16 and 12 phosphorylated sites identified by iTRAQ in the PKA,control and AP group,respectively.3D structure of dephosphorylated titin fragment was simulated and its molecular dynamics trajectory analysis was performed using Discovery StudioTM.The dihedral angle in AP group was less and the dephosphorylated fragment had a higher kinetic energy and total energy.We suggested that changes caused by AP treatment might make titin unstable,which easily degraded byμ-calpain.

Study on Expected Mature Age of Individual Ailanthus altissima

This study was conducted on the analytic tree and got the fitting empirical equation of tree growth,in which the tree growth rate was used as the variable and time as the independent variable.The arithmetical operation to the function got the mature age of tree growth,and the expected mature age of Ailanthus altissima was 21 a.In addition,the application as well as the research direction and matters needing attention were proposed.

Performance Analysis of an Organic Rankine Cycle with a Preheated Ejector

The so-called organic Rankine cycle(ORC)is an effective technology allowing heat recovery from lower temperature sources.In the present study,to improve its thermal efficiency,a preheated ejector using exhaust steam coming from the expander is integrated in the cycle(EPORC).Considering net power output,pump power,and thermal efficiency,the proposed system is compared with the basic ORC.The influence of the ejector ratio(ER)of the preheated ejector on the system performances is also investigated.Results show that the net power output of the EPORC is higher than that of the basic ORC due to the decreasing pump power.Under given working conditions,the average thermal efficiency of EPORC is 29%higher than that of ORC.The ER has a great impact on the performance of EPORC by adjusting the working fluid fed to the pump,leading to significant variations of the pump work Moreover,the ER has a remarkable effect on the working fluid temperature lift(TL)at the evaporator inlet,thus reducing the evaporator heat load.According to the results,the thermal efficiency of EPORC increases by 30%,when the ER increases from 0.05 to 0.4.

Study on Mature Age of Individual Larix kaempferi

Based on the study of parse wood materials,the fitting empirical equation of tree growth was obtained,a function with tree growth as a variable and time as an independent variable.Through mathematical operations such as function derivation,the mature age of tree growth was obtained,and the obtained expected mature age for Larix kaempferi was 46 years.And the application,research directions and precautions of the mature ages were proposed.

Study on Expected Mature Age of Individual Saliz matsudana

Based on the study of parse wood materials,the fitting empirical equation of tree growth was obtained,a function with tree growth as a variable and time as an independent variable.Through mathematical operations such as function derivation,the mature age of tree growth was obtained,and the obtained expected mature age of Saliz matsudana was 21a.And the application,research directions and precautions of the mature ages were proposed.

Study on the Practical and Ideal Mature Age of Pinus densiflora

This study was conducted on the analytic tree and got the fitting empirical equation of tree growth, in which the tree growth rate was used as the variable and time as the independent variable. The arithmetical operation to the function got the mature age of tree growth, and the practical and ideal mature ages of Pinus densiflora were 58 and 123.5 a, respectively. In addition, the application research direction and matters needing attention were proposed.

Study on Mature Age of An Individual Robinia pseudoacacia

Through the study of parse wood materials, the fitting empirical equation of tree growth was obtained, a function with tree growth as a variable and time as an independent variable. The mature age of tree growth was obtained through mathematical operations such as function derivation. The obtained expected maturity ages for the actual forests of Robinia pseudoacacia were 36, 46 and 56 a, respectively, which could be the mature ages for commercial forest, protection forest and special-purpose forest. And the application, research directions and precautions of the mature ages were proposed.

Discussion on Individual Expected Maturity of Populus canadensis Moench

Through the study of parse wood materials in Shandong Province, the fitting empirical equation of tree growth was obtained, a function with tree growth was a variable and time as an independent variable. Through mathematical operations such as function derivation, the mature age of tree growth was obtained. The obtained expected maturity age for Populus canadensis Moench forest was 11 a for pulp material, 26 a for pillar materials and 41 a for peeler. And the application, research directions and precautions of the mature ages were proposed.

Effects of Light on Tree Growth

Empirical equations were used to fit tree growth through the analysis of parse wood data, functions with tree growth amount as the dependent variable and annual sunshine duration as the independent variable. According to arithmetical operations like derivation of the functions, the relative contribution rate of light to tree growth was 64.8%, which was almost equal to the relative contribution rate of precipitation to tree growth. Therefore, the light and precipitation were of equal importance to tree growth.

2000—2020年内蒙古杭锦旗植被变化特征及其对气候要素的响应

荒漠草原过渡带生态系统十分脆弱,与其他陆地生态系统相比,对气候变化的响应更为敏感。以位于内蒙古库布齐沙漠边缘的杭锦旗为研究区,利用谷歌地球引擎Google Earth Engine(GEE)遥感云计算平台,选取研究区2000—2020年MOD13Q1系列数据集的归一化植被指数(Normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)产品,分析杭锦旗区域植被变化趋势特征,并利用像元二分模型反演研究期间植被覆盖度(Fraction Vegetation Coverage,FVC),辅以空间转移矩阵、重心迁移模型监测植被的演变格局,并借助年降水量和年均气温数据,运用相关性分析阐明杭锦旗NDVI对降水和温度的响应特征。结果表明:(1)区域植被总体上呈现逐渐增加趋势,NDVI平均年变化率为0.0021,植被改善明显,且区域整体植被覆盖在空间上具有东南高、西北低的分布格局。(2)2000—2020年杭锦旗植被覆盖已有较好改善,年均植被覆盖度区域重心从东南到西北方向即往库布齐沙漠中心移动,高和较高植被覆盖度区域存在由北向南扩张的趋势,中等和较低植被覆盖度区域存在由南向北扩张趋势。区域内以中等植被覆盖度区域为主,面积占比大于50%,除较低植被覆盖度面积大幅减少62.35%和低植被覆盖度面积小幅下降36.39%,其余不同等级植被覆盖度面积均有所增加,其中较高植被覆盖度面积增加最大,增幅为150.12%。(3)NDVI与气候要素偏相关性存在明显的地区差异。在年际尺度上,植被变化受降水的影响更为明显,NDVI与降水的相关系数达到0.8,降水量增加是促进NDVI变化的主要驱动力。

Biogenic amines detection in meat and meat products:the mechanisms,applications,and future trends

Biogenic amine is one of the main categories of hazardous compounds in meat and meat products,making its detection methods vital for the assurance of edible safety.In this sense,many biogenic amine detection techniques such as chromatographic,electrophoretic,and electrochemical methods have been developed,which play an irreplaceable role in ensuring the safety of meat and meat products.Due to the increasing demand for fast and on-site detection techniques,visual detection methods have been gradually developed compared with non-visual methods such as chromatography and electrophoresis.Herein,we comprehensively review the mechanism and the latest progress of these biogenic amine detection methods;besides,we put forward the prospects for the future development of biogenic amine detection techniques,with a view to providing support for the establishment of more accurate and efficient detection,prevention and control strategies of biogenic amines.