Drinking water source contamination poses a great threat to human health in developing countries.Point-of-use(POU)water treatment techniques,which improve drinking water quality at the household level,offer an afforda...Drinking water source contamination poses a great threat to human health in developing countries.Point-of-use(POU)water treatment techniques,which improve drinking water quality at the household level,offer an affordable and convenient way to obtain safe drinking water and thus can reduce the outbreaks of waterbome diseases.Ceramic water filters(CWFs),fabricated from locally sourced materials and manufactured by local labor,are one of the most socially acceptable POU water treatment technologies because of their effectiveness,low-cost and ease of use.This review concisely summarizes the critical factors that influence the performance of CWFs,including(1)CWF manufacturing process(raw material selection,firing process,silver impregnation),and(2)source water quality.Then,an in-depth discussion is presented with emphasis on key research efforts to address two major challenges of conventional CWFs,including(1)simultaneous increase of filter flow rate and bacterial removal efficiency,and(2)removal of various concerning pollutants,such as viruses and metal(loid)s.To promote the application of CWFs,future research directions can focus on:(1)investigation of pore size distribution and pore structure to achieve higher flow rates and effective pathogen removal by elucidating pathogen transport in porous ceramic and adjusting manufacture parameters;and(2)exploration of new surface modification approaches with enhanced interaction between a variety of contaminants and ceramic surfaces.展开更多
基金supported by the University of Wisconsin Applied Research Grant(MIL111691)the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Catalyst Grant(MIL113501).
文摘Drinking water source contamination poses a great threat to human health in developing countries.Point-of-use(POU)water treatment techniques,which improve drinking water quality at the household level,offer an affordable and convenient way to obtain safe drinking water and thus can reduce the outbreaks of waterbome diseases.Ceramic water filters(CWFs),fabricated from locally sourced materials and manufactured by local labor,are one of the most socially acceptable POU water treatment technologies because of their effectiveness,low-cost and ease of use.This review concisely summarizes the critical factors that influence the performance of CWFs,including(1)CWF manufacturing process(raw material selection,firing process,silver impregnation),and(2)source water quality.Then,an in-depth discussion is presented with emphasis on key research efforts to address two major challenges of conventional CWFs,including(1)simultaneous increase of filter flow rate and bacterial removal efficiency,and(2)removal of various concerning pollutants,such as viruses and metal(loid)s.To promote the application of CWFs,future research directions can focus on:(1)investigation of pore size distribution and pore structure to achieve higher flow rates and effective pathogen removal by elucidating pathogen transport in porous ceramic and adjusting manufacture parameters;and(2)exploration of new surface modification approaches with enhanced interaction between a variety of contaminants and ceramic surfaces.
