Objective:To evaluate the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to Orientia tsutsugamushi(O. tsutsugamushi) by rapid diagnostic test(RDT) and microimmunofluorescence assay(ml FA). Methods:RDT using a mixture of recombin...Objective:To evaluate the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to Orientia tsutsugamushi(O. tsutsugamushi) by rapid diagnostic test(RDT) and microimmunofluorescence assay(ml FA). Methods:RDT using a mixture of recombinant 56-kDa proteins of O.tsutsugamushi and mIFA assay were performed on 20 patients from Fujian and 13 patients from Yunnan Province,and 82 sera samples from healthy farmers in Anhui Province and Beijing City in 2009.Comparison of the RDT and mIFA assay was performed by using X test and the P level of 【0.05 was considered to be significance.Results:Among these 82 normal sera samples,the specificity of RDT was 100%for both IgM and IgG tests.In 33 samples from patients with scrub typhus,5 cases were positively detected earlier by RDT than by mIFA in IgM test,and 2 cases were positive in IgG test.Sensitivities of RDT were 93.9%and 90.9%for IgM and IgG,respectively.The sensitivity of combination lest of IgM and IgG was 100%.Geometric mean titer diluted sera from confirmed cases by IFA and RDT assay were 1:37 vs.1:113(P【0.001) in IgM test and 1:99 vs.1:279 (P【0.05) in IgG test.Conclusions:RDT is more sensitivite than mIFA in the early diagnosis of scrub typhus and it is particularly applicable in rural areas.展开更多
Data from WDI show that developing countries are easily caught in the ＂middle income trap.＂ To interpret the mechanism of the ＂middle income trap,＂ this paper focuses on： （1） Based on the empirical framework of...Data from WDI show that developing countries are easily caught in the ＂middle income trap.＂ To interpret the mechanism of the ＂middle income trap,＂ this paper focuses on： （1） Based on the empirical framework of economic growth, we perform an empirical research on the determinants of economic growth at different income levels and discover that fixed capital investment, FDI and human capital accumulation are the main factors influencing less developed economies while for the upper middle income level and high-income level countries, the engines of economic growth change to institutions and R＆D. （2） We discuss the possible reasons why developing countries can have rapid economic growth before reaching the middleineome level, but cannot transform growth mechanisms in the middle income level. （3） We classify the factors that have influenced China＇s economic growth since the reform and analyze the potential ones for China＇s future development.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basil Research Program of China(973 Program) 2010CBS30200(2010CB530206)the grants from the National Key Science and Technolog Projects of China,No.2009ZX10004-203 and 2008ZX10004-008)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to Orientia tsutsugamushi(O. tsutsugamushi) by rapid diagnostic test(RDT) and microimmunofluorescence assay(ml FA). Methods:RDT using a mixture of recombinant 56-kDa proteins of O.tsutsugamushi and mIFA assay were performed on 20 patients from Fujian and 13 patients from Yunnan Province,and 82 sera samples from healthy farmers in Anhui Province and Beijing City in 2009.Comparison of the RDT and mIFA assay was performed by using X test and the P level of 【0.05 was considered to be significance.Results:Among these 82 normal sera samples,the specificity of RDT was 100%for both IgM and IgG tests.In 33 samples from patients with scrub typhus,5 cases were positively detected earlier by RDT than by mIFA in IgM test,and 2 cases were positive in IgG test.Sensitivities of RDT were 93.9%and 90.9%for IgM and IgG,respectively.The sensitivity of combination lest of IgM and IgG was 100%.Geometric mean titer diluted sera from confirmed cases by IFA and RDT assay were 1:37 vs.1:113(P【0.001) in IgM test and 1:99 vs.1:279 (P【0.05) in IgG test.Conclusions:RDT is more sensitivite than mIFA in the early diagnosis of scrub typhus and it is particularly applicable in rural areas.
文摘Data from WDI show that developing countries are easily caught in the ＂middle income trap.＂ To interpret the mechanism of the ＂middle income trap,＂ this paper focuses on： （1） Based on the empirical framework of economic growth, we perform an empirical research on the determinants of economic growth at different income levels and discover that fixed capital investment, FDI and human capital accumulation are the main factors influencing less developed economies while for the upper middle income level and high-income level countries, the engines of economic growth change to institutions and R＆D. （2） We discuss the possible reasons why developing countries can have rapid economic growth before reaching the middleineome level, but cannot transform growth mechanisms in the middle income level. （3） We classify the factors that have influenced China＇s economic growth since the reform and analyze the potential ones for China＇s future development.
