A Generic Strategy to Create Mechanically Interlocked Nanocomposite/Hydrogel Hybrid Electrodes for Epidermal Electronics

Stretchable electronics are crucial enablers for next-generation wearables intimately integrated into the human body.As the primary compliant conductors used in these devices,metallic nanostructure/elastomer composites often struggle to form conformal contact with the textured skin.Hybrid electrodes have been consequently developed based on conductive nanocomposite and soft hydrogels to establish seamless skin-device interfaces.However,chemical modifications are typically needed for reliable bonding,which can alter their original properties.To overcome this limitation,this study presents a facile fabrication approach for mechanically interlocked nanocomposite/hydrogel hybrid electrodes.In this physical process,soft microfoams are thermally laminated on silver nanowire nanocomposites as a porous interface,which forms an interpenetrating network with the hydrogel.The microfoam-enabled bonding strategy is generally compatible with various polymers.The resulting interlocked hybrids have a 28-fold improved interfacial toughness compared to directly stacked hybrids.These electrodes achieve firm attachment to the skin and low contact impedance using tissue-adhesive hydrogels.They have been successfully integrated into an epidermal sleeve to distinguish hand gestures by sensing mus-cle contractions.Interlocked nanocomposite/hydrogel hybrids reported here offer a promising platform to combine the benefits of both materials for epidermal devices and systems.

Role of extracellular polymeric substances in resistance to allelochemical stress on Microcystis aeruginsosa and its mechanism

Using allelochemicals to suppress cyanobacteria growth is a prospective method for its high efficiency and ecological safety.However,the suppression efficiency is affected inevitably by the extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)produced by cyanobacteria,and the knowledge about the roles of EPS in resistance to allelochemical stress is scarce.For the study,two typical anti-cyanobacterial allelochemicals were adopted to investigate the role of EPS in resistance to allelochemical stress on Microcystis aeruginosa.Results show that EPS was crucial in alleviating the toxicity of allelochemicals to algae,especially in stabilizing the metabolism and photosynthetic activity of algal cells.The aggregation rate of algal cells increased with the increase of EPS secretion,which alleviated the stress of allelopathy.Tryptophan proteins and humic acids in EPS provided a binding site for allelochemicals,and the EPS-allelochemicals complex were formed by chemical bonding.This study improved our comprehension of the role of EPS in algal inhibition by allelochemicals.

大寨精神的内涵及其当代价值

大寨精神形成于社会主义建设时期,是农业集体化过程中的典范,'艰苦奋斗、自力更生'是其核心内涵。当前我国进入新时代中国特色社会主义发展时期,党在发展过程中依旧会遇到困难和矛盾,发扬以'艰苦奋斗、自力更生'为核心的大寨精神,具有重要的当代价值。

Skin-inspired electronics:emerging semiconductor devices and systems

Current electronics are driven by advanced microfabrication for fast and efficient information processing.In spite of high performance,these wafer-based devices are rigid,non-degradable,and unable to autonomous repair.Skin-inspired electronics have emerged as a new class of devices and systems for next-generation flexible and wearable electronics.The technology gains inspiration from the structures,properties,and sensing mechanisms of the skin,which may find a broad range of applications in cutting-edge fields such as healthcare monitoring,human-machine interface,and soft robotics/prostheses.Practical demands have fueled the development of electronic materials with skin-like properties in terms of stretchability,self-healing capability,and biodegradability.These materials provide the basis for functional sensors with innovative and biomimetic designs.Further system-level integrations and optimizations enable new forms of electronics for real-world applications.This review summarizes recent advancements in this active area and speculates on future directions.

Fragmentation of brain apolipoprotein E(ApoE)and its relevance in late onset Alzheimer's disease

Late-onset Alzheimer's disease(LOAD)is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.Polymorphism in apolipoprotein E(ApoE)gene(ε2,ε3,and ε4)is the greatest LOAD risk factor.The translation products are ApoE2,ApoE3,and ApoE4,respectively.ApoE fragments are present in senile plaques and neurofibillary tangles but their contributions to AD pathogenesis are not clear.

A spike-trimer protein-based tetravalent COVID-19 vaccine elicits enhanced breadth of neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants and other variants

Multivalent vaccines combining crucial mutations from phylogenetically divergent variants could be an effective approach to defend against existing and future SARS-Co V-2 variants.In this study,we developed a tetravalent COVID-19 vaccine SCTV01E,based on the trimeric Spike protein of SARS-Co V-2 variants Alpha,Beta,Delta,and Omicron BA.1,with a squalenebased oil-in-water adjuvant SCT-VA02B.In the immunogenicity studies in na?ve BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice,SCTV01E exhibited the most favorable immunogenic characteristics to induce balanced and broad-spectrum neutralizing potencies against pre-Omicron variants(D614G,Alpha,Beta,and Delta)and newly emerging Omicron subvariants(BA.1,BA.1.1,BA.2,BA.3,and BA.4/5).Booster studies in C57BL/6J mice previously immunized with D614G monovalent vaccine demonstrated superior neutralizing capacities of SCTV01E against Omicron subvariants,compared with the D614G booster regimen.Furthermore,SCTV01E vaccination elicited na?ve and central memory T cell responses to SARS-Co V-2 ancestral strain and Omicron spike peptides.Together,our comprehensive immunogenicity evaluation results indicate that SCTV01E could become an important COVID-19 vaccine platform to combat surging infections caused by the highly immune evasive BA.4/5 variants.SCTV01E is currently being studied in a head-to-head immunogenicity comparison phase 3 clinical study with inactivated and m RNA vaccines(NCT05323461).

Stretchable,breathable,and washable epidermal electrodes based on microfoam reinforced ultrathin conductive nanocomposites

Stretchable epidermal electronics allow conformal interactions with the human body for emerging applications in wearable health monitoring and therapy.Stretchable devices are commonly constructed on submillimeter-thick elastomer substrates with limited moisture permeability,thereby leading to unpleasant sensations during long-term attachment.Although the ultrathin elastomer membrane may address this problem,the mechanical robustness is essentially lost for direct manipulations and repetitive uses.Here,we report a stretchable,breathable,and washable epidermal electrode of microfoam reinforced ultrathin conductive nanocomposite(MRUCN).The new architecture involves ultrathin conductive silver nanowire nanocomposite features supported on a porous elastomeric microfoam substrate,which exhibits high moisture permeability for pleasant perceptions during epidermal applications.As-prepared epidermal electrodes show excellent electronic conductivity(8440 S·cm^(-1)),high feature resolution(~50μm),decent stretchability,and excellent durability.In addition,the MRUCN retains stable electrical properties during washing to meet the hygiene requirements for repetitive uses.The successful implementation in an integrated electronic patch demonstrates the practical suitability of MRUCN for a broad range of epidermal electronic devices and systems.

Mutation N856K in spike reduces fusogenicity and infectivity of Omicron BA.1

Dear Editor,COVID-19 lung pathology is characterized by interstitial pneumonia with cell-cell fusion-induced syncytia and extensive tissue damage.1 The correlation between viral fusogenicity and pathogenicity has been reported in SARS-CoV-2 variants.2 Compared with the previous Delta or D614G variants,Omicron BA.1 has been proven to be less fusogenic and pathogenic.

两种宫腔粘连大鼠模型稳定性的比较

目的比较无水乙醇化学损伤法、刮宫与宫腔留置脂多糖双重损伤法建立SD大鼠宫腔粘连动物模型的造模效果,探索模型稳定性。方法110只SD雌鼠采用随机数表随机分为正常组、双重损伤组和无水乙醇组。正常组每组30只,余两组均为40只。无水乙醇组宫腔注射95%无水乙醇损伤子宫内膜,双重损伤组刮宫后宫腔留置脂多糖棉线2 d损伤子宫内膜,正常组行假手术。分别于术后1周、2周、4周、8周、12周采用随机数表每组各随机抽取3只动物收集子宫组织,行HE染色和Masson染色,对子宫内膜厚度、腺体数量和纤维化面积进行统计分析,并行免疫组织化学染色观察CD31在子宫内膜间质上的表达情况。结果①两种模型子宫内膜厚度在造模2周后,均小于正常组,且趋于稳定。无水乙醇组子宫内膜厚度较双重损伤组减少更明显(P均<0.05)。②两种模型子宫内膜腺体数量在造模1周后均明显小于正常组,无水乙醇组子宫内膜腺体数量较双重损伤组减少更明显(P均<0.05)。③两种模型子宫内膜间质纤维化面积在造模1周后均高于正常组(P均<0.05),但无水乙醇组纤维化面积在造模后8周开始减少。④两种模型子宫内膜间质CD31表达量在造模1周后均明显小于正常组(P均<0.05),无水乙醇组较双重损伤组减少更明显(P均<0.05)。⑤2周和12周模型鼠妊娠情况及胎鼠数目比较表明模型鼠生育能力均受到影响,且无水乙醇组模型鼠生育能力所受影响比双重损伤模型组明显。结论两种方法均能诱导宫腔粘连;无水乙醇化学损伤法操作较简单、经济,但纤维化稳定性欠佳,其子宫内膜厚度、腺体数量及血管改变符合薄型子宫内膜病理变化,更适用于薄型子宫内膜疾病的相关研究;双重损伤模型贴近临床损伤方法,且模型更稳定,可以满足宫腔粘连相关研究需求。

Transition-metal doped edge sites in vertically aligned MoS2 catalysts for enhanced hydrogen evolution

为象氢进化反应那样的电气化学的反应的高度活跃、便宜的催化剂(她的) 为有效精力的发展是关键的变换和存储技术。理论模拟在揭示在材料和他们的催化活动的电子结构之间的关联是有帮助的，并且指导改进催化剂的预言和发展。然而，在精确地设计需要的原子地点的困难在做在试验性、理论的结果之间的直接比较导致挑战。在瞬间 < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 2 , 而薹是惰性的，瞬间边被表明了为她活跃。用一条计算基于描述符的途径，我们预言由合并转变金属原子(Fe，公司， Ni，或 Cu ) ，薹地点应该也成为她活跃。垂直地站的、终止边的瞬间 < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 2 nanofilms 为验证这些预言提供一个明确的模型系统。转变金属做了瞬间 < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 2 nanofilms 表演交换水流密度由的增加至少双重，与理论计算一致。这个工作为由把倡导者合并到特别原子地点改进电气化学的催化剂，并且为使用明确的系统以便理解提升效果的起源开创进一步的机会。

Characterization of human IgM and IgG repertoires in individuals with chronic HIV-1 infection

Advancements in high-throughput sequencing(HTS)of antibody repertoires(Ig-Seq)have unprecedentedly improved our ability to characterize the antibody repertoires on a large scale.However,currently,only a few studies explored the influence of chronic HIV-1 infection on human antibody repertoires and many of them reached contradictory conclusions,possibly limited by inadequate sequencing depth and throughput.To better understand how HIV-1 infection would impact humoral immune system,in this study,we systematically analyzed the differences between the IgM(HIV-IgM)and IgG(HIV-IgG)heavy chain repertoires of HIV-1 infected patients,as well as between antibody repertoires of HIV-1 patients and healthy donors(HH).Notably,the public unique clones accounted for only a negligible proportion between the HIV-IgM and HIV-IgG repertoires libraries,and the diversity of unique clones in HIV-IgG remarkably reduced.In aspect of somatic mutation rates of CDR1 and CDR2,the HIV-IgG repertoire was higher than HIV-IgM.Besides,the average length of CDR3 region in HIV-IgM was significant longer than that in the HH repertoire,presumably caused by the great number of novel VDJ rearrangement patterns,especially a massive use of IGHJ6.Moreover,some of the B cell clonotypes had numerous clones,and somatic variants were detected within the clonotype lineage in HIV-IgG,indicating HIV-1 neutralizing activities.The in-depth characterization of HIV-IgG and HIV-IgM repertoires enriches our knowledge in the profound effect of HIV-1 infection on human antibody repertoires and may have practical value for the discovery of therapeutic antibodies.

A Printable and Conductive Yield-Stress Fluid as an Ultrastretchable Transparent Conductor

In contrast to ionically conductive liquids and gels,a new type of yield-stress fluid featuring reversible transitions between solid and liquid states is introduced in this study as a printable,ultrastretchable,and transparent conductor.The fluid is formulated by dispersing silica nanoparticles into the concentrated aqueous electrolyte.The as-printed features show solid-state appearances to allow facile encapsulation with elastomers.The transition into liquid-like behavior upon tensile deformations is the enabler for ultrahigh stretchability up to the fracture strain of the elastomer.Successful integrations of yield-stress fluid electrodes in highly stretchable strain sensors and light-emitting devices illustrate the practical suitability.The yield-stress fluid represents an attractive building block for stretchable electronic devices and systems in terms of giant deformability,high ionic conductivity,excellent optical transmittance,and compatibility with various elastomers.

A Printable and Conductive Yield-Stress Fluid as an Ultrastretchable Transparent Conductor

In contrast to ionically conductive liquids and gels,a new type of yield-stress fluid featuring reversible transitions between solid and liquid states is introduced in this study as a printable,ultrastretchable,and transparent conductor.The fluid is formulated by dispersing silica nanoparticles into the concentrated aqueous electrolyte.The as-printed features show solid-state appearances to allow facile encapsulation with elastomers.The transition into liquid-like behavior upon tensile deformations is the enabler for ultrahigh stretchability up to the fracture strain of the elastomer.Successful integrations of yield-stress fluid electrodes in highly stretchable strain sensors and light-emitting devices illustrate the practical suitability.The yield-stress fluid represents an attractive building block for stretchable electronic devices and systems in terms of giant deformability,high ionic conductivity,excellent optical transmittance,and compatibility with various elastomers.

Fully solution processed liquid metal features as highly conductive and ultrastretchable conductors

Liquid metal represents a highly conductive and inherently deformable conductor for the development of stretchable electronics.The widespread implementations of liquid metal towards functional sensors and circuits are currently hindered by the lack of a facile and scalable patterning approach.In this study,we report a fully solution-based process to generate patterned features of the liquid metal conductor.The entire process is carried out under ambient conditions and is generally compatible with various elastomeric substrates.The as-prepared liquid metal feature exhibits high resolution(100μm),excellent electrical conductivity(4.15×10^(4)S cm^(−1)),ultrahigh stretchability(1000%tensile strain),and mechanical durability.The practical suitability is demonstrated by the heterogeneous integration of light-emitting diode(LED)chips with liquid metal interconnects for a stretchable and wearable LED array.The solution-based technique reported here is the enabler for the facile patterning of liquid metal features at low cost,which may find a broad range of applications in emerging fields of epidermal sensors,wearable heaters,advanced prosthetics,and soft robotics.

MR-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy for drug-resistant lesional epilepsy:a single-center experience

Background To describe and report the efficacy and safety of MR-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy(MRgLITT)in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy.Methods A retrospective review of all MRgLITT procedures in our hospital was performed.All procedures were performed using a surgical laser ablation system.Demographic and outcome data were compiled and analyzed.Results A total of 19 patients underwent MRgLITT procedures from June 2021 to November 2021.The average age at surgery was 18.1 years(3-61.4 years).The average length of hospitalization post-surgery was 4.95 days(4-7 days).Surgical substrates included 8 patients with hypothalamic hamartomas,5 with medial temporal lobe epilepsy,3 with deep focal cortical dysplasia,1 with tuberous sclerosis,1 with a cavernous malformation,and 1 with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome who underwent anterior corpus callosotomy.Complications occurred in three patients.After an average follow-up of 1 year,6 patients were seizure-free(Engel I,31.6%),1 had significant seizure control(Engel II,5.3%),7 had seizure control(Engel III,36.8%),and 5 had no improvement in their seizures(Engel IV,26.3%).Fisher’s exact tests did not reveal statistical significance for the association between Engel class outcome and epileptic disease.Conclusion This study confirmed that MRgLITT,as a method for treating drug-resistant epilepsy,is minimally invasive,safe,and efficient and that it can reduce the incidence of surgery-related complications.