Ultrastable and ultrasensitive pH-switchable carbon dots with high quantum yield for water quality identification,glucose detection,and two starch-based solid-state fluorescence materials

It is attractive and encouraging to develop new fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)with excellent optical properties and promising applications prospects.Herein,highly-efficient green emissive CDs(m-CDs)with a high quantum yield(QY)of 71.7%in water are prepared through a facile solvothermal method.Interestingly,the m-CDs exhibit excellent fluorescence stability in the pH range of 1–9.However,the fluorescence intensity of the m-CDs is almost completely quenched as the pH is increased from 9 to 10.The mechanism of the unique pH-responsive behavior is discussed in detail and a plausible mechanism is proposed.Owing to the unique pH-responsive behavior,the m-CDs are used as a on-off fluorescent probe for water quality identification.By combining the reversible pH-ultrasensitive optical properties of the m-CDs in the pH range of 9–10 with the glucose oxidase-mimicking(GOx-mimicking)ability of Au nanoparticles(AuNPs),glucose can be quantitatively detected.Finally,two environment-friendly starch-based solid-state fluorescence materials(powder and film)are developed through green preparation routes.

The insensitive mechanism of poultry to zearalenone:A review

Zearalenone(ZEN)is one of the most common contaminating mycotoxins and is mainly produced by Fusarium graminearum.ZEN and its metabolites can interfere with estrogen function and affect animals'reproductive ability.Pigs are most susceptible to ZEN,and ZEN is less harmful to poultry than to pigs.The exact mechanism for the difference in susceptibility remains unclear.In this review,we summarized some possible reasons for the relative insensitivity of poultry to ZEN,such as the lower total amount ofα-zearalenol(α-ZOL)and theα-ZOL-to-β-ZOL ratio which reduce the toxicity of ZEN to poultry.The faster hepatic and enteric circulation,and excretion capacity in poultry can excrete more ZEN and its metab-olites.There are other possible factors such as the transformation of intestinal microorganisms,differ-ences in hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases'activity,high estrogen levels,and low estrogen receptors affinity which can also cause poultry to be relatively insensitive to ZEN.In this review,we summarized the hazards,pollution status,metabolic pathways,and some measures to mitigate ZEN's harmfulness.Specifically,we discussed the possible mechanisms of low reproductive toxicity by ZEN in poultry.