Coal-conversion technologies,although used ubiquitously,are often discredited due to high pollutant emissions,thereby emphasizing a dire need to optimize the combustion process.The co-fring of coal/biomass in a fuidiz...Coal-conversion technologies,although used ubiquitously,are often discredited due to high pollutant emissions,thereby emphasizing a dire need to optimize the combustion process.The co-fring of coal/biomass in a fuidized bed reactor has been an efcient way to optimize the pollutants emission.Herein,a new model has been designed in Aspen Plus®to simultaneously include detailed reaction kinetics,volatile compositions,tar combustion,and hydrodynamics of the reactor.Validation of the process model was done with variations in the fuel including high-sulfur Spanish lignite,high-ash Ekibastuz coal,wood pellets,and locally collected municipal solid waste(MSW)and the temperature ranging from 1073 to 1223 K.The composition of the exhaust gases,namely,CO/CO_(2)/NO/SO_(2)were determined from the model to be within 2%of the experimental observations.Co-combustion of local MSW with Ekibastuz coal had fue gas composition ranging from 1000 to 5000 ppm of CO,16.2%–17.2%of CO_(2),200–550 ppm of NO,and 130–210 ppm of SO_(2).A sensitivity analysis on co-fring of local biomass and Ekibastuz coal demonstrated the optimal operating temperature for fuidized bed reactor at 1148 K with the recommended biomass-to-coal ratio is 1/4,leading to minimum emissions of CO,NO,and SO_(2).展开更多
Recent studies have correlated the chronic impact of ambient environmental pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)with the progression of neurodegenerative disorders,either by using statistical data fro...Recent studies have correlated the chronic impact of ambient environmental pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)with the progression of neurodegenerative disorders,either by using statistical data from various cities,or via tracking biomarkers during in-vivo experiments.Among different neurodegenerative disorders,PAHs are known to cause increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease,related to the development of amyloid beta(Aβ)peptide oligomers.However,the complex molecular interactions between peptide monomers and organic pollutants remains obscured.In this work,we performed an atomistic molecular dynamics study via GROMACS to investigate the structure of Aβ_(42) peptide monomer in the presence of benzo[a]pyrene,nicotine,and phenanthrene.Interestingly the results revealed strong hydrophobic,and hydrogen-bond based interactions between Aβpeptides and these environmental pollutants that resulted in the formation of stable intermolecular clusters.The strong interactions affected the secondary structure of the Aβ_(42) peptide in the presence of the organic pollutants,with almost 50%decrease in theα-helix and 2%–10%increase in theβ-sheets of the peptide.Overall,the undergoing changes in the secondary structure of the peptide monomer in the presence of the pollutants under the study indicates an enhanced formation of Aβpeptide oligomers,and consequent progression of Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
基金support provided by Nazarbayev University under the project number 110119FD4535(Project name:Co-fring of coal and biomass under air and oxy-fuel environment in fuidized bed rig:Experiments with process model development)11022021FD2905(Project name:Efcient thermal valorization of municipal sewage sludge in fuidized bed systems:Advanced experiments with process modeling)operating the pilot-scale circulating fuidized bed reactor and for the computational resources.
文摘Coal-conversion technologies,although used ubiquitously,are often discredited due to high pollutant emissions,thereby emphasizing a dire need to optimize the combustion process.The co-fring of coal/biomass in a fuidized bed reactor has been an efcient way to optimize the pollutants emission.Herein,a new model has been designed in Aspen Plus®to simultaneously include detailed reaction kinetics,volatile compositions,tar combustion,and hydrodynamics of the reactor.Validation of the process model was done with variations in the fuel including high-sulfur Spanish lignite,high-ash Ekibastuz coal,wood pellets,and locally collected municipal solid waste(MSW)and the temperature ranging from 1073 to 1223 K.The composition of the exhaust gases,namely,CO/CO_(2)/NO/SO_(2)were determined from the model to be within 2%of the experimental observations.Co-combustion of local MSW with Ekibastuz coal had fue gas composition ranging from 1000 to 5000 ppm of CO,16.2%–17.2%of CO_(2),200–550 ppm of NO,and 130–210 ppm of SO_(2).A sensitivity analysis on co-fring of local biomass and Ekibastuz coal demonstrated the optimal operating temperature for fuidized bed reactor at 1148 K with the recommended biomass-to-coal ratio is 1/4,leading to minimum emissions of CO,NO,and SO_(2).
基金conducted under the project“OPCRP2022003 Exposure to Cooking Ultrafine Particles and Neurodegenerative Disease:Clinical Exposure Studies and Computer Modeling”“11022021FD2905 Efficient thermal valorization of municipal sewage sludge in fluidized bed systems:Advanced experiments with process modeling”.
文摘Recent studies have correlated the chronic impact of ambient environmental pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)with the progression of neurodegenerative disorders,either by using statistical data from various cities,or via tracking biomarkers during in-vivo experiments.Among different neurodegenerative disorders,PAHs are known to cause increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease,related to the development of amyloid beta(Aβ)peptide oligomers.However,the complex molecular interactions between peptide monomers and organic pollutants remains obscured.In this work,we performed an atomistic molecular dynamics study via GROMACS to investigate the structure of Aβ_(42) peptide monomer in the presence of benzo[a]pyrene,nicotine,and phenanthrene.Interestingly the results revealed strong hydrophobic,and hydrogen-bond based interactions between Aβpeptides and these environmental pollutants that resulted in the formation of stable intermolecular clusters.The strong interactions affected the secondary structure of the Aβ_(42) peptide in the presence of the organic pollutants,with almost 50%decrease in theα-helix and 2%–10%increase in theβ-sheets of the peptide.Overall,the undergoing changes in the secondary structure of the peptide monomer in the presence of the pollutants under the study indicates an enhanced formation of Aβpeptide oligomers,and consequent progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
