Recently, RNA processing has emerged as a novel pathway that may contribute to the maintenance of genome stability[1]. Alternative splicing is a key molecular mechanism for increasing the functional diversity of the e...Recently, RNA processing has emerged as a novel pathway that may contribute to the maintenance of genome stability[1]. Alternative splicing is a key molecular mechanism for increasing the functional diversity of the eukaryotic proteomes, but it also often altered in cancer. Mounting evidence indicates that alternative splicing, the process that allows production of multiple mRNA variants from each gene, contributes to the heterogeneity of the disease[2]. Although the mechanism of alternative splicing variant in cancer is unclear, the cancer-specific alternative splicing variants have been observed in a variety of human cancers and cancer cell lines and have been connected to tumorgenesis.展开更多
Diallyl Disulfide (DADS) is the main organosulfur component of garlic and it is known for multiple pharmacologicalactions. Currently, DADS has been well documented to ameliorate the testis injuries caused by X-rayirra...Diallyl Disulfide (DADS) is the main organosulfur component of garlic and it is known for multiple pharmacologicalactions. Currently, DADS has been well documented to ameliorate the testis injuries caused by X-rayirradiation[1??4]. However, the effect of DADS against heavy-ion-induced testis damage, particularly cell apoptosis,is still largely unknown. In this regard, based on ground experiments at accelerators, this study has been undertakento estimate the protective mechanisms of DADS against carbon ion-induced cell apoptosis at the level ofsignal transduction pathway in mouse testis.展开更多
There has been a considerable improvement in men of child-bearing age undergoing radiotherapy which oftenconcerned about the possibility of future children[1]. In this investigation, we used TUNEL assay to analyzesper...There has been a considerable improvement in men of child-bearing age undergoing radiotherapy which oftenconcerned about the possibility of future children[1]. In this investigation, we used TUNEL assay to analyzespermatogenic cells apoptosis in pubertal mice testes after carbon ion irradiation (CIR) that evaluate the impactof CIR on spermatogenesis in pubertal mice.The 4 weeks of Swiss-Webster mice were whole-body irradiated with 0, 1 and 4 Gy, respectively. Testes werecollected 14 d after irradiation. The histological changes in testicular tissue were observed and the apoptotictesticular cells were examined. The Johnsen score reflected the quantitative assessment of seminiferous tubules(Fig. 1(d)). Significant damage to the seminiferous tubule was observed in the irradiated groups (P < 0:001).Quantitative analysis of spermatogenic cells apoptosis is shown in Fig. 1(h). A significant increase in TUNELpositivecells was found in the seminiferous tubule in the irradiated groups (P <0:001). Our results showed TUNELpositivespermatogenic cells were mainly spermatogonia, spermatocytes, early spermatids and late spermatids, andthese cells seemed to be initially more susceptible to CIR toxicity.展开更多
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPVl) that is known as capsaicin receptor is a non-selective cationion channel[1]. TRPV1 can regulate Ca2+ influx, participate in a variety of physiological and pathological p...Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPVl) that is known as capsaicin receptor is a non-selective cationion channel[1]. TRPV1 can regulate Ca2+ influx, participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processof tumor[2]. One such agent is Capsazepine (CPZ) that is now widely used as a selective vanilloid type 1 receptor(TRPV1) antagonist. CPZ can be directly actived on the capsaicin receptor, blocked its biological effects, and abolishedosteosarcoma-induced hyperalgesia when administered subcutaneously at doses ranging from 3 to 10 mg/kg,blocked calcium channels[3]. However, the mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of CPZ have not fully beenunderstood. Whether CPZ can induce apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 is not known.Therefore, the objective of the study reported here was to determine whether CPZ can enhance radiation sensitivityin HepG2 cell, and impact on cell proliferation.展开更多
Primary liver cancer (namely hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC) represents the third most frequent cause of cancerdeath. National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines suggest that radiotherapy (RT) can be considered as...Primary liver cancer (namely hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC) represents the third most frequent cause of cancerdeath. National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines suggest that radiotherapy (RT) can be considered asan important role for unresectable HCC[1]. Heavy ion radiotherapy (e.g. carbon ion) has showed a strong role forkilling malignancies especially for radioresistant malignancies that are insensitive to conventional radiotherapy, suchas X-ray.The mismatch repair (MMR) is a highly conserved DNA repair pathway that recognizes and repairs base-pairingerrors during DNA replication or recombination. When the genes (mainly including MutS and MutL families) thatmediate MMR are mutated or epigenetically silenced, the predisposition to cancer is significantly increased. MMRdeficiency can be inherited, as in the case of Lynch syndrome also known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectalcarcinoma (HNPCC). MSH2 protein also can modulate the homologous recombination that is a prominent doublestrandbreak (DSB) repair pathway.展开更多
Charged particle radiation may exert highly lethal effects even on radioresistant tumors[1].Although extensive researches are studying the carcinogenesis and carbon ion beam therapy,there is still space to improve the...Charged particle radiation may exert highly lethal effects even on radioresistant tumors[1].Although extensive researches are studying the carcinogenesis and carbon ion beam therapy,there is still space to improve the radiosensitivity to cervical cancer in order to reduce radiation dosage.展开更多
F1Fo ATP synthase,or named ATPase(EC 3.6.1.3)(referred as the same enzyme hereafter)catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP by exploiting a the transmembrane proton motive force(Δp)produced by the oxidation of nu...F1Fo ATP synthase,or named ATPase(EC 3.6.1.3)(referred as the same enzyme hereafter)catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP by exploiting a the transmembrane proton motive force(Δp)produced by the oxidation of nutrient substrates in mitochondrial respiration in all organisms.However,under peculiar physiological conditions when mitochondrial respiration is impaired which lead to the electrochemical gradient across the inner membrane collapse,the F1Fo ATP synthase switches its catalytic activity from ATP synthesis to ATP hydrolysis for maintaining theΔp.展开更多
Cervical cancer represents the third most common cause of female mortality[1].Radiotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment,especially in advanced cervical cancer.The patients’survival rate can be determined by thei...Cervical cancer represents the third most common cause of female mortality[1].Radiotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment,especially in advanced cervical cancer.The patients’survival rate can be determined by their responsiveness to radiotherapeutic treatment[2-4].Although conventional X-ray treatment is an effective modality for a wide variety of human cancers,poor results may sometimes occur.High linear energy transfer(LET)charged particle radiation has several potential advantages over the treatment with low-LET radiation,such as an inverted depth–dose distribution,a higher relative biological effectiveness,a reduction in oxygen enhancement ratio,and a lower cellular capability for repair of radiation injury,making it potentially superior to low-LET radiation,such as X-rays,in the treatment of malignant solid tumors.展开更多
多聚结合蛋白1[poly(rC)-binding protein 1,PCBP1]是RNA结合蛋白家族的成员之一,它广泛表达于各种人体正常组织中,并在多种生物学过程中发挥重要的作用,比如从不同水平调控基因表达、病毒的复制、铁离子转运等。同时,PCBP1作为一种潜...多聚结合蛋白1[poly(rC)-binding protein 1,PCBP1]是RNA结合蛋白家族的成员之一,它广泛表达于各种人体正常组织中,并在多种生物学过程中发挥重要的作用,比如从不同水平调控基因表达、病毒的复制、铁离子转运等。同时,PCBP1作为一种潜在的肿瘤抑制因子,参与多种肿瘤的发生、发展、转移等过程,这为理解肿瘤发生的机制提供了新思路。在本篇综述中,我们简单介绍了PCBP1的结构和功能,并从肿瘤发生发展、侵袭或转移、肿瘤干细胞及肿瘤化疗等方面着重讨论了它在多种肿瘤疾病中可能的作用机制,旨在为临床治疗肿瘤提供一种可靠的靶标基因。展开更多
目的:评价三阴性乳腺癌与p53蛋白表达的相关性,为提高三阴性乳腺癌个体化治疗提供参考。方法:通过PubMed、Web of Science、CNKI、WanFang data、VIP数据库检索相关文献,检索时间为2005年至2020年。由两位研究者按照文献的纳入与排除标...目的:评价三阴性乳腺癌与p53蛋白表达的相关性,为提高三阴性乳腺癌个体化治疗提供参考。方法:通过PubMed、Web of Science、CNKI、WanFang data、VIP数据库检索相关文献,检索时间为2005年至2020年。由两位研究者按照文献的纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选、资料提取、质量评价,最后采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:纳入文献36篇,其中中文文献29篇,英文文献7篇。结果显示:三阴性乳腺癌组p53的阳性表达率高于非三阴性乳腺癌组[OR=2.29,95%CI(2.06,2.55)],p53阳性组的淋巴转移率高于p53阴性组[OR=1.96,95%CI(1.20,3.18)],差异具有统计学意义;而p53的阳性表达与三阴性乳腺癌的TNM分期无关[OR=0.49,95%CI(0.08,2.90)],差异没有统计学意义;三阴性乳腺癌p53阳性组的总生存率低于p53阴性组[OR=0.36,95%CI(0.23,0.56)],差异具有统计学意义;三阴性乳腺癌p53阳性组的无病生存率低于p53阴性组[OR=0.32,95%CI(0.23,0.45)],差异具有统计学意义;三阴性乳腺癌患者的年龄与p53的阳性表达没有相关性[OR=1.17,95%CI(0.83,1.65)],差异没有统计学意义。结论:p53的表达与三阴性乳腺癌的发生、发展及预后密切相关,并且可能成为预测三阴性乳腺癌发生发展的独立因子。展开更多
Exosomes denote a family of nano-sized membrane extracellular vesicles with a diameter in the range of 40-130 nm that are secreted by most cell types of the body[1].Initial studies suggest that this extracellular vesi...Exosomes denote a family of nano-sized membrane extracellular vesicles with a diameter in the range of 40-130 nm that are secreted by most cell types of the body[1].Initial studies suggest that this extracellular vesicle is a metabolic waste that cells secrete.However,more and more studies have shown that exosomes act as mediators of cell-to-cell signaling and participate in a variety of physiological and pathological activities in organisms[2].Due to such characteristics,analyzing the specific biomarkers[3]carried therein is expected to be a non-invasive method for diagnosis and monitoring of tumors.Additionally,exosomes are not only important for tumor immunity,tumor invasion,metastasis and tumor resistance,but also has important value in the diagnosis and treatment of tumor.Exosomes can exert important effects in various disease models[4].Overall studies give an idea that exosomes play both cancer-promoting and malignant functions in malignant tumors[5].展开更多
Charged particle radiation may exert highly lethal effects even on radioresistant tumors.Although extensive researches are studying the carcinogenesis and carbon ion beam therapy,there is still space to improve the ra...Charged particle radiation may exert highly lethal effects even on radioresistant tumors.Although extensive researches are studying the carcinogenesis and carbon ion beam therapy,there is still space to improve the radiosensitivity to cervical cancer in order to reduce radiation dosage.The combination of particle therapy with drug is now rapidly gaining practice in clinics with great expectations for cancer cure[13].Thus,strategies to minimize the side effects of radiotherapy while preserving their radiotherapeutic efficacy are needed.Recently,significant attention has been focused on natural radio protective agent in vegetables and fruits.DADS,a major organosulfur compound derived from garlic,induces cell death in various cancer cells but shows little or no cytotoxicity in normal cells as single drugs.Therapeutic approaches based on the combination of high-LET carbon beams and DADS aim at increasing clinical responses while lowering the radiation dosages and cancer cell resistance.The advantage of combination stems from the fact that each one can have a single target or mechanism of action or this combination may share the same target or mechanism of action against cancer cells.Therefore,in this study,we clarify the effect of DADS on the radiation-regulated cell apoptosis,as well as alterations of crucial mediator of the apoptosis pathway in HeLa cells.展开更多
Recently,significant attention has been focused on natural radiosensitive agent in vegetables and fruits[1].Diallyl disulfide(DADS;i.e,CH2=CH-CH2-S-S-CH2-CH=CH2),an oil-soluble compound extracted from garlic(Allium sa...Recently,significant attention has been focused on natural radiosensitive agent in vegetables and fruits[1].Diallyl disulfide(DADS;i.e,CH2=CH-CH2-S-S-CH2-CH=CH2),an oil-soluble compound extracted from garlic(Allium sativum L.)documents as a potent compound to prevent cancer,genotoxicity,nephrotoxicity,and hepatotoxicity[2].Although DADS has been reported to provide the anticancer activity in several cancer types by inhibiting cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis,the molecular effect of DADS on high-LET carbon beams-regulated proliferation,cell cycle arrest and cell death is currently unknown。展开更多
High-linear energy transfer(LET)heavy ions produce more cytotoxic and genotoxic damage to cells in comparison with low-LET ionizing irradiation,such as X-rays or-rays[1].Our previous studies demonstrated that exposure...High-linear energy transfer(LET)heavy ions produce more cytotoxic and genotoxic damage to cells in comparison with low-LET ionizing irradiation,such as X-rays or-rays[1].Our previous studies demonstrated that exposure to heavy ions such as carbon ions caused decrease in testicular weight and sthenospermia,which affects the testicular development and breeding activity of males.The reason is that the organ systems with proliferating cells are very sensitive,and the testis is a radiosensitive organ.Additionally,in space travel,astronaut exposed to high-LET galactic cosmanic rays at higher radiation doses and dose rates than humans received on Earth.It is an unavoidable problem for long duration manned interplanetary missions.Furthermore,in hadrontherapy,although high-LET heavy ions as an innovative modality of high precision tool for the treatment of cancer such as testis and prostate tumor,potential damage to healthy tissues surrounding the tumor target along its penetrating path should still be considered.Given space radiation protection and cancer therapy,there is a demand for reliable agent for protection of the testis against heavy-ion radiation.展开更多
Radiotherapy is widely used for the definitive and adjuvant treatment of numerous cancers[1].However,resistance to radiotherapy remains an important concern[2].Various factors including p53 mutation or deletion[3],ove...Radiotherapy is widely used for the definitive and adjuvant treatment of numerous cancers[1].However,resistance to radiotherapy remains an important concern[2].Various factors including p53 mutation or deletion[3],overexpression of DNA repair proteins[4],and tumor microenvironment[5]have been proposed to play roles in radioresistance.Among the radioresistant factors,p53 mutation or deletion is regarded as a good candidate for radioresistant markers[6].The tumor suppressor p53 is well established as the guardian of the genome,regulating cell cycle arrest,DNA repair,senescence,and apoptosis[7].Mutation of p53 occurs in more than 50%of human cancers,which significantly increases cellular resistance to-irradiation[8].Additionally,there is growing evidence that mutation or deletion of p53 tumors cells is inherently resistant to radiation and perhaps other conventional anticancer treatments,i.e.,chemotherapy[9].This intrinsic mechanism of resistance is responsible for a significant number of tumor recurrences[10].展开更多
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1432248), Western Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y260230XB0)
文摘Recently, RNA processing has emerged as a novel pathway that may contribute to the maintenance of genome stability[1]. Alternative splicing is a key molecular mechanism for increasing the functional diversity of the eukaryotic proteomes, but it also often altered in cancer. Mounting evidence indicates that alternative splicing, the process that allows production of multiple mRNA variants from each gene, contributes to the heterogeneity of the disease[2]. Although the mechanism of alternative splicing variant in cancer is unclear, the cancer-specific alternative splicing variants have been observed in a variety of human cancers and cancer cell lines and have been connected to tumorgenesis.
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1432248), National Natural Science Founda-tion of China (11175222, 11205219) , Western Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y260230XB0)
文摘Diallyl Disulfide (DADS) is the main organosulfur component of garlic and it is known for multiple pharmacologicalactions. Currently, DADS has been well documented to ameliorate the testis injuries caused by X-rayirradiation[1??4]. However, the effect of DADS against heavy-ion-induced testis damage, particularly cell apoptosis,is still largely unknown. In this regard, based on ground experiments at accelerators, this study has been undertakento estimate the protective mechanisms of DADS against carbon ion-induced cell apoptosis at the level ofsignal transduction pathway in mouse testis.
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1432248), Western Talent Program of ChineseAcademy of Sciences (Y460040XB0), National Natural Science Foundation of China (11175222).Key Program ofNational Natural Science Foundation of China (U1432248), National Natural Science Foundation of China (11175222, 11205219)
文摘There has been a considerable improvement in men of child-bearing age undergoing radiotherapy which oftenconcerned about the possibility of future children[1]. In this investigation, we used TUNEL assay to analyzespermatogenic cells apoptosis in pubertal mice testes after carbon ion irradiation (CIR) that evaluate the impactof CIR on spermatogenesis in pubertal mice.The 4 weeks of Swiss-Webster mice were whole-body irradiated with 0, 1 and 4 Gy, respectively. Testes werecollected 14 d after irradiation. The histological changes in testicular tissue were observed and the apoptotictesticular cells were examined. The Johnsen score reflected the quantitative assessment of seminiferous tubules(Fig. 1(d)). Significant damage to the seminiferous tubule was observed in the irradiated groups (P < 0:001).Quantitative analysis of spermatogenic cells apoptosis is shown in Fig. 1(h). A significant increase in TUNELpositivecells was found in the seminiferous tubule in the irradiated groups (P <0:001). Our results showed TUNELpositivespermatogenic cells were mainly spermatogonia, spermatocytes, early spermatids and late spermatids, andthese cells seemed to be initially more susceptible to CIR toxicity.
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1432248), National Natural Science Foundationof China (11175222, 11205219) , Western Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y260230XB0).
文摘Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPVl) that is known as capsaicin receptor is a non-selective cationion channel[1]. TRPV1 can regulate Ca2+ influx, participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processof tumor[2]. One such agent is Capsazepine (CPZ) that is now widely used as a selective vanilloid type 1 receptor(TRPV1) antagonist. CPZ can be directly actived on the capsaicin receptor, blocked its biological effects, and abolishedosteosarcoma-induced hyperalgesia when administered subcutaneously at doses ranging from 3 to 10 mg/kg,blocked calcium channels[3]. However, the mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of CPZ have not fully beenunderstood. Whether CPZ can induce apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 is not known.Therefore, the objective of the study reported here was to determine whether CPZ can enhance radiation sensitivityin HepG2 cell, and impact on cell proliferation.
文摘Primary liver cancer (namely hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC) represents the third most frequent cause of cancerdeath. National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines suggest that radiotherapy (RT) can be considered asan important role for unresectable HCC[1]. Heavy ion radiotherapy (e.g. carbon ion) has showed a strong role forkilling malignancies especially for radioresistant malignancies that are insensitive to conventional radiotherapy, suchas X-ray.The mismatch repair (MMR) is a highly conserved DNA repair pathway that recognizes and repairs base-pairingerrors during DNA replication or recombination. When the genes (mainly including MutS and MutL families) thatmediate MMR are mutated or epigenetically silenced, the predisposition to cancer is significantly increased. MMRdeficiency can be inherited, as in the case of Lynch syndrome also known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectalcarcinoma (HNPCC). MSH2 protein also can modulate the homologous recombination that is a prominent doublestrandbreak (DSB) repair pathway.
文摘Charged particle radiation may exert highly lethal effects even on radioresistant tumors[1].Although extensive researches are studying the carcinogenesis and carbon ion beam therapy,there is still space to improve the radiosensitivity to cervical cancer in order to reduce radiation dosage.
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1432248),Ministry of Science and Technology National Key R&D project(2016YFC0904600),National Natural Science Foundation of China(11405230,10835011,11205219).
文摘F1Fo ATP synthase,or named ATPase(EC 3.6.1.3)(referred as the same enzyme hereafter)catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP by exploiting a the transmembrane proton motive force(Δp)produced by the oxidation of nutrient substrates in mitochondrial respiration in all organisms.However,under peculiar physiological conditions when mitochondrial respiration is impaired which lead to the electrochemical gradient across the inner membrane collapse,the F1Fo ATP synthase switches its catalytic activity from ATP synthesis to ATP hydrolysis for maintaining theΔp.
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1432248),Ministry of Science and Technology National Key R&D project(2016YFC0904600),National Natural Science Foundation of China(Y660010GJ0),Western Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y560020XB0).
文摘Cervical cancer represents the third most common cause of female mortality[1].Radiotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment,especially in advanced cervical cancer.The patients’survival rate can be determined by their responsiveness to radiotherapeutic treatment[2-4].Although conventional X-ray treatment is an effective modality for a wide variety of human cancers,poor results may sometimes occur.High linear energy transfer(LET)charged particle radiation has several potential advantages over the treatment with low-LET radiation,such as an inverted depth–dose distribution,a higher relative biological effectiveness,a reduction in oxygen enhancement ratio,and a lower cellular capability for repair of radiation injury,making it potentially superior to low-LET radiation,such as X-rays,in the treatment of malignant solid tumors.
文摘多聚结合蛋白1[poly(rC)-binding protein 1,PCBP1]是RNA结合蛋白家族的成员之一,它广泛表达于各种人体正常组织中,并在多种生物学过程中发挥重要的作用,比如从不同水平调控基因表达、病毒的复制、铁离子转运等。同时,PCBP1作为一种潜在的肿瘤抑制因子,参与多种肿瘤的发生、发展、转移等过程,这为理解肿瘤发生的机制提供了新思路。在本篇综述中,我们简单介绍了PCBP1的结构和功能,并从肿瘤发生发展、侵袭或转移、肿瘤干细胞及肿瘤化疗等方面着重讨论了它在多种肿瘤疾病中可能的作用机制,旨在为临床治疗肿瘤提供一种可靠的靶标基因。
文摘目的:评价三阴性乳腺癌与p53蛋白表达的相关性,为提高三阴性乳腺癌个体化治疗提供参考。方法:通过PubMed、Web of Science、CNKI、WanFang data、VIP数据库检索相关文献,检索时间为2005年至2020年。由两位研究者按照文献的纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选、资料提取、质量评价,最后采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:纳入文献36篇,其中中文文献29篇,英文文献7篇。结果显示:三阴性乳腺癌组p53的阳性表达率高于非三阴性乳腺癌组[OR=2.29,95%CI(2.06,2.55)],p53阳性组的淋巴转移率高于p53阴性组[OR=1.96,95%CI(1.20,3.18)],差异具有统计学意义;而p53的阳性表达与三阴性乳腺癌的TNM分期无关[OR=0.49,95%CI(0.08,2.90)],差异没有统计学意义;三阴性乳腺癌p53阳性组的总生存率低于p53阴性组[OR=0.36,95%CI(0.23,0.56)],差异具有统计学意义;三阴性乳腺癌p53阳性组的无病生存率低于p53阴性组[OR=0.32,95%CI(0.23,0.45)],差异具有统计学意义;三阴性乳腺癌患者的年龄与p53的阳性表达没有相关性[OR=1.17,95%CI(0.83,1.65)],差异没有统计学意义。结论:p53的表达与三阴性乳腺癌的发生、发展及预后密切相关,并且可能成为预测三阴性乳腺癌发生发展的独立因子。
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1432248)Ministry of Science and Technology National Key R&D Project(2016YFC0904600)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Y660010GJ0)Western Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y560020XB0)。
文摘Exosomes denote a family of nano-sized membrane extracellular vesicles with a diameter in the range of 40-130 nm that are secreted by most cell types of the body[1].Initial studies suggest that this extracellular vesicle is a metabolic waste that cells secrete.However,more and more studies have shown that exosomes act as mediators of cell-to-cell signaling and participate in a variety of physiological and pathological activities in organisms[2].Due to such characteristics,analyzing the specific biomarkers[3]carried therein is expected to be a non-invasive method for diagnosis and monitoring of tumors.Additionally,exosomes are not only important for tumor immunity,tumor invasion,metastasis and tumor resistance,but also has important value in the diagnosis and treatment of tumor.Exosomes can exert important effects in various disease models[4].Overall studies give an idea that exosomes play both cancer-promoting and malignant functions in malignant tumors[5].
文摘Charged particle radiation may exert highly lethal effects even on radioresistant tumors.Although extensive researches are studying the carcinogenesis and carbon ion beam therapy,there is still space to improve the radiosensitivity to cervical cancer in order to reduce radiation dosage.The combination of particle therapy with drug is now rapidly gaining practice in clinics with great expectations for cancer cure[13].Thus,strategies to minimize the side effects of radiotherapy while preserving their radiotherapeutic efficacy are needed.Recently,significant attention has been focused on natural radio protective agent in vegetables and fruits.DADS,a major organosulfur compound derived from garlic,induces cell death in various cancer cells but shows little or no cytotoxicity in normal cells as single drugs.Therapeutic approaches based on the combination of high-LET carbon beams and DADS aim at increasing clinical responses while lowering the radiation dosages and cancer cell resistance.The advantage of combination stems from the fact that each one can have a single target or mechanism of action or this combination may share the same target or mechanism of action against cancer cells.Therefore,in this study,we clarify the effect of DADS on the radiation-regulated cell apoptosis,as well as alterations of crucial mediator of the apoptosis pathway in HeLa cells.
文摘Recently,significant attention has been focused on natural radiosensitive agent in vegetables and fruits[1].Diallyl disulfide(DADS;i.e,CH2=CH-CH2-S-S-CH2-CH=CH2),an oil-soluble compound extracted from garlic(Allium sativum L.)documents as a potent compound to prevent cancer,genotoxicity,nephrotoxicity,and hepatotoxicity[2].Although DADS has been reported to provide the anticancer activity in several cancer types by inhibiting cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis,the molecular effect of DADS on high-LET carbon beams-regulated proliferation,cell cycle arrest and cell death is currently unknown。
文摘High-linear energy transfer(LET)heavy ions produce more cytotoxic and genotoxic damage to cells in comparison with low-LET ionizing irradiation,such as X-rays or-rays[1].Our previous studies demonstrated that exposure to heavy ions such as carbon ions caused decrease in testicular weight and sthenospermia,which affects the testicular development and breeding activity of males.The reason is that the organ systems with proliferating cells are very sensitive,and the testis is a radiosensitive organ.Additionally,in space travel,astronaut exposed to high-LET galactic cosmanic rays at higher radiation doses and dose rates than humans received on Earth.It is an unavoidable problem for long duration manned interplanetary missions.Furthermore,in hadrontherapy,although high-LET heavy ions as an innovative modality of high precision tool for the treatment of cancer such as testis and prostate tumor,potential damage to healthy tissues surrounding the tumor target along its penetrating path should still be considered.Given space radiation protection and cancer therapy,there is a demand for reliable agent for protection of the testis against heavy-ion radiation.
文摘Radiotherapy is widely used for the definitive and adjuvant treatment of numerous cancers[1].However,resistance to radiotherapy remains an important concern[2].Various factors including p53 mutation or deletion[3],overexpression of DNA repair proteins[4],and tumor microenvironment[5]have been proposed to play roles in radioresistance.Among the radioresistant factors,p53 mutation or deletion is regarded as a good candidate for radioresistant markers[6].The tumor suppressor p53 is well established as the guardian of the genome,regulating cell cycle arrest,DNA repair,senescence,and apoptosis[7].Mutation of p53 occurs in more than 50%of human cancers,which significantly increases cellular resistance to-irradiation[8].Additionally,there is growing evidence that mutation or deletion of p53 tumors cells is inherently resistant to radiation and perhaps other conventional anticancer treatments,i.e.,chemotherapy[9].This intrinsic mechanism of resistance is responsible for a significant number of tumor recurrences[10].