The application of indocyanine green in guiding prostate cancer treatment

Objective:Indocyanine green(ICG)with near-infrared fluorescence absorption is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for clinical applications in angiography,blood flow evaluation,and liver function assessment.It has strong optical absorption in the near-infrared region,where light can penetrate deepest into biological tissue.We sought to review its value in guiding prostate cancer treatment.Methods:All related literature at PubMed from January 2000 to December 2020 were reviewed.Results:Multiple preclinical studies have demonstrated the usefulness of ICG in identifying prostate cancer by using different engineering techniques.Clinical studies have demonstrated the usefulness of ICG in guiding sentinel node dissection during radical prostatectomy,and possible better preservation of neurovascular bundle by identifying landmark prostatic arteries.New techniques such as adding fluorescein in additional to ICG were tested in a limited number of patients with encouraging result.In addition,the use of the ICG was shown to be safe.Even though there are encouraging results,it does not carry sufficient sensitivity and specificity in replacing extended pelvic lymph node dissection during radical prostatectomy.Conclusion:Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have shown the usefulness of ICG in identifying and guiding treatment for prostate cancer.Larger randomized prospective studies are warranted to further test its usefulness and find new modified approaches.

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the ameliorative effect of rosmarinic acid on diabetic nephropathy-induced kidney injury by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation

Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is a severe complication of diabetes,characterized by changes in kidney structure and function.The natural product rosmarinic acid(RA)has demonstrated therapeutic effects,including anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative-stress,in renal damage or dysfunction.In this study,we characterized the heterogeneity of the cellular response in kidneys to DN-induced injury and RA treatment at single cell levels.Our results demonstrated that RA significantly alleviated renal tubular epithelial injury,particularly in the proximal tubular S1 segment and on glomerular epithelial cells known as podocytes,while attenuating the inflammatory response of macrophages,oxidative stress,and cytotox-icity of natural killer cells.These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which RA alleviates kidney damage,oxidative stress,and inflammation,offering valuable guidance for the clinical application of RA in the treatment of DN.

相变存储材料相变机理的研究进展

相变存储技术作为下一代极具竞争力的新型存储技术之一,其基础研究也蓬勃发展,但相变存储的机理研究滞后于应用研究。本文在简要介绍相变存储技术和相变机理的基础上,从纳秒级相变机理和超快(皮秒级)相变机理的角度综述了近年来相变存储材料相变机理的主要研究进展,指出了纳秒量级相变源于热效应,而皮秒量级相变可能源于热效应或电子效应,且与材料的尺寸、衬层及激发源密切相关,同时指出了超快相变机理研究中一些值得关注的问题,提出了今后的发展方向。

Effects of Ion Doping on the Optical Properties of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) play a leading role in the third generation photovoltaics due to their low cost, easy fabrication process, high conversion efficiency and good stability. As a media of dye adsorption, electron transport, and electrolyte diffusion, the nanocrystalline semiconductor photoanode plays a key role during light-to-electricity conversion in DSC. This paper studies the influence of different ions doping and different concentration of ion doping on the electrical and optical properties of DSC, through the photoelectric property test of DSC. We learn that Zn2+ doped TiO2 photoanode is the best. At the same time there was an optimum doping concentration which was 0.05% (mole fraction).

Study on Hydrogen Production System by Coupling with DSSCs

The consumption of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) used to produce hydrogen, compared with the traditional water-splitting energy, is much less. First of all it is because of DSSCs’ low cost, easy fabrication process, high conversion efficiency and good stability;secondly it also solves the problem of serious corrosion of the electrode, for the entire solar system is in the air. We use three tandem dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells as a source of power;the open circuit voltage of photoelectric unit shows the feasibility of using dye-sensitized photovoltaic cell decomposition of water to produce hydrogen.

Impact of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Anode Preparation on Performance

In this paper, the suitable molecular weight of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and annealing temperature for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) anode was obtained by assessing the performance of DSSCs. The output current characteristic of the DSSCs is to explore factors that affect cell conversion efficiency and the effect of the mechanism. Experimental results show that the annealing temperature of 500°C and adding PEG of molecular weight 2000, the TiO2 thin film electrode TiO2 film electrode has good optical properties.

Initial experience on extraperitoneal single-port robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy

The surgical spectrum for radical prostatectomy(RP)has evolved from open surgery to novel minimally invasive approaches during the past few decades,with roboticassisted radical prostatectomy(RARP)being collectively reckoned as an increasingly popular option for prostate cancer(PCa).A previous study has demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of radical-assisted Laparoscopic radical Prostatectomy(RALP).[1]While the transperitoneal route is the most popular surgical access option,alternative propositions include extraperitoneal,perineal,or transvesical access.Since the advent of the next-generation da Vinci Xi and single-port(SP)platforms,robotic laparoendoscopic single-site surgery(R-LESS)has emerged as an intriguing concept in various general or gynecological procedures and in partial nephrectomy.The first single-port robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy(spRARP)was reported in 2008,[2]but has not seen much improvement in surgical techniques and popularity thereafter,with less than 60 total cases reported globally.[3]A previous report[4]demonstrated that the adoption of transumbilical incision in spRARP surgery may cause reduced flexibility,limited working space,and frequent instrument clashing,potentially leading to longer surgeries and increased difficulty.Extraperitoneal RARP has been widely reported in the literature with similar trifecta outcomes and shows more rapid recovery and reduced peri-operative complication rates.[5]The current study aims to investigate the feasibility of extraperitoneal single-port RARP(espRARP)with the use of the da Vinci Si HD model.

Targeting signaling pathways in prostate cancer:mechanisms and clinical trials

Prostate cancer(PCa)affects millions of men globally.Due to advances in understanding genomic landscapes and biological functions,the treatment of PCa continues to improve.Recently,various new classes of agents,which include next-generation androgen receptor(AR)signaling inhibitors(abiraterone,enzalutamide,apalutamide,and darolutamide),bone-targeting agents(radium-223 chloride,zoledronic acid),and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitors(olaparib,rucaparib,and talazoparib)have been developed to treat PCa.Agents targeting other signaling pathways,including cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK)4/6,Ak strain transforming(AKT),wingless-type protein(WNT),and epigenetic marks,have successively entered clinical trials.Furthermore,prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)targeting agents such as 177Lu-PSMA-617 are promising theranostics that could improve both diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy.Advanced clinical studies with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have shown limited benefits in PCa,whereas subgroups of PCa with mismatch repair(MMR)or CDK12 inactivation may benefit from ICIs treatment.In this review,we summarized the targeted agents of PCa in clinical trials and their underlying mechanisms,and further discussed their limitations and future directions.

Inhibition of LIM kinase reduces contraction and proliferation in bladder smooth muscle

Overactive bladder(OAB)is the most bothersome symptom in lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS).Current pharmacologic treatment aims to inhibit detrusor contraction;however,shows unsatisfied efficacy and high discontinuation rate.LIM kinases(LIMKs)promote smooth muscle contraction in the prostate;however,their function in the bladder smooth muscle remains unclear.Here,we studied effects of the LIMK inhibitors on bladder smooth muscle contraction and proliferation both in vitro and in vivo experiments.Bladder expressions of LIMKs are elevated in OAB rat detrusor tissues.Two LIMK inhibitors,SR7826 and LIMKi3,inhibit contraction of human detrusor strip,and cause actin filament breakdown,as well as cell proliferation reduction in cultured human bladder smooth muscle cells(HBSMCs),paralleled by reduced cofilin phosphorylation.Silencing of LIMK1 and LIMK2 in HBSMCs resulted in breakdown of actin filaments and decreased cell proliferation.Treatment with SR7826 or LIMKi3 decreased micturition frequency and bladder detrusor hypertrophy in rats with bladder outlet obstruction.Our study suggests that LIMKs may promote contraction and proliferation in the bladder smooth muscle,which could be inhibited by small molecule LIMK inhibitors.LIMK inhibitors could be a potential therapeutic strategy for OAB-related LUTS.