In plants,heteromorphic self-incompatibility(HetSI)is a strategy for avoiding self-pollination and promoting outcrossing,and during this process,numerous protein-protein interaction events occur between the pistil and...In plants,heteromorphic self-incompatibility(HetSI)is a strategy for avoiding self-pollination and promoting outcrossing,and during this process,numerous protein-protein interaction events occur between the pistil and pollen.Previous studies in Primula and Fagopyrum that focused on HetSI systems have provided interesting insights;however,the molecular mechanism underlying HetSI remains largely unknown.In this study,we profiled the proteome of Plumbago auriculata stigmas before and after self-incompatible(SI)and self-compatible(SC)pollination.Comparative analyses were conducted by 4D-DIA(Four-dimensional data independent acquisition),a promising technology that increases the sensitivity and reduces the spectral complexity of proteomic analysis by adding a fourth dimension,ion mobility.The results revealed 33387 peptides and 5311 proteins in all samples.The pathways in which the differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)identified in the P×P(Pin style self-pollinated with pin pollen)vs.PS(Pin style)and T×T(Thrum style self-pollinated with thrum pollen)vs.TS(Thrum style)comparisons were significantly enriched were biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and pentose and glucuronate interconversions.In the P×T(Pin style cross-pollinated with thrum pollen)vs.PS and T×P(Thrum style cross-pollinated with pin pollen)vs.TS comparison,the top three pathways were biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,pentose and glucuronate interconversions,and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.The phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,cutin,suberine and wax biosynthesis,and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were enriched in the P×T vs.P×P comparison,and starch and sucrose metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabolism,and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism were abundant in the T×T vs.T×P comparison.The enriched pathways between PS and TS were the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,and pentose and glucuronate interconversion.Self-incompatibility protein S1(SI S1),Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/4(MPK3/4),Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2/3(M2K2/3),Exocyst complex component EXO70A1(E70A1)and Thioredoxin H1/2(TRXH1/2)were found to be HetSI-related candidates,and O-fucosyltransferase 23(OFT23),3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 6(KCS6),Receptor-like protein kinase FERONIA(FERON),Fimbrin-5(FIMB5),Pollen-specific leucine-rich repeat extensin-like protein 4(PLRX4),Transcription initiation factor IIB-2(TF2B2)and Pectinesterase 1(AL11A),etc.,were identified as other regulatory transducers.These findings combined with our morphological and reactive oxygen species(ROS)intensity analyses indicate that P.auriculata has typical dry-stigmas and that the HetSI mechanism might differ between the pin and thrum.SI S1 might be the key factor in HetSI,and ROS are overexpressed during SC pollination to rapidly activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)-mediated phosphorylation of E70A1 to maintain stigma receptivity in plants with HetSI.展开更多
NizP supported catalysts exhibit high catalytic activities in hydrogenation reaction,of which the particle sizes of Ni_(2)P active phases are the key influential factor.This research focus on the effect of chelators o...NizP supported catalysts exhibit high catalytic activities in hydrogenation reaction,of which the particle sizes of Ni_(2)P active phases are the key influential factor.This research focus on the effect of chelators on the size of Ni_(2)P particles over wrinkle silica nanoparticles(WSNs)by introducing chelating agents EDTA and NTA during impregnation process.The characterization results show that chelators modified cata-lysts possess smaller size of Ni_(2)P particles than the unmodified Ni_(2)P catalysts.Among all the synthesized catalysts,the EDTA modified Ni_(2)PE(1.5)/WSNs catalyst possesses smallest average particle size of Ni_(2)P,only 2.6 nm.Moreover,the Ni_(2)P catalysts with the assistance of EDTA exhibits better catalytic activity than that of NTA under high reaction temperature,which can be ascribed to the strong bonding between EDTA and Ni.And the EDTA modified Ni_(2)PE(1.5)/WSNs catalyst shows highest hydrogenation ability,almost reaching 100%decalin selectivity.展开更多
High-value reclamation of metal-polluted plants involved in phytoremediation is a big challenge.In this study,nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon with large specific area of 2359.1 m^(2)g^(-1) is facilely fabricated from...High-value reclamation of metal-polluted plants involved in phytoremediation is a big challenge.In this study,nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon with large specific area of 2359.1 m^(2)g^(-1) is facilely fabricated from metal-polluted miscanthus waste for efficient energy storage.The synergistic effect of KOH,urea and ammonia solution greatly improve the nitrogen quantity and surface area of the synthesized carbon.Electrodes fabricated with this carbon exhibit the excellent capacitance performance of 340.2 F g^(-1) at 0.5 A g^(-1) and a low combined resistance of 0.116Ω,which are competitive with most of previously reported carbon-based electrodes.In addition,the as-obtained carbon electrode shows a high specific capacitance retention of over 99.6%even after 5000 cycles.Furthermore,the symmetric supercapacitor fabricated using the synthesized carbon achieves a superior energy density of 25.3 Wh kg^(-1)(at 400 W kg^(-1))in 1 mol L^(-1) Na_(2)SO_(4)aqueous solution.This work provides an efficient route to upcycle metal-polluted plant waste for supercapacitor applications.展开更多
Bioaerosol emissions from animal feeding operation (AFO) facilities are of increasing interest due to the magnitude of the emissions and their potential health effect on local communities. There is limited information...Bioaerosol emissions from animal feeding operation (AFO) facilities are of increasing interest due to the magnitude of the emissions and their potential health effect on local communities. There is limited information about fate and transport of AFO bioaerosol emissions. In this study, concentrations of airborne bacteria and fungi were measured at four ambient stations in four wind directions surrounding an egg production farm through winter, spring and summer using Andersen six-stage samplers. Mean concentrations of ambient bacteria and fungi ranged from 8.7 × 102 CFU m-3 to 1.3 × 103 CFU m-3 and from 2.8 × 102 CFU m-3 to 1.4 × 103 CFU m-3, respectively. Ambient bacterial concentrations were not significantly different over the seasons, while ambient fungal concentrations were the highest in summer and the lowest in winter. There were significant differences between downwind and upwind bacterial concentrations (p < 0.0001). Downwind bacterial and fungal concentrations responded differently to the influencing factors. Bacterial concentrations were quadratically correlated with wind vector (combined effects of wind speed and direction) and emission rate, were positively correlated with temperature, and were negatively correlated with solar radiation. Fungal concentrations were positively correlated with temperature, RH, and emission rate, and were negatively correlated with wind vector.展开更多
Major depressive disorder(MDD)has been a devastating neurological problem in modern history.However,therapeutic strategies to relief the disease are inadequate.The limit in understanding of the molecular mechanism of ...Major depressive disorder(MDD)has been a devastating neurological problem in modern history.However,therapeutic strategies to relief the disease are inadequate.The limit in understanding of the molecular mechanism of MDD has been holding back discovery of new therapies.Behind this problem is the establishment of animal models to truly reflect human MDD pathology.In this review,we discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanism of MDD and the strength and weakness of rodent models of depression.Developing new models of MDD and finding new drugable targets are still important steps to discover new therapies against MDD.展开更多
Alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.Adolescence is a critical period of structural and functional maturation of the brain.Adolescent alcohol use can alter epigenetic modifications.Howev...Alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.Adolescence is a critical period of structural and functional maturation of the brain.Adolescent alcohol use can alter epigenetic modifications.However,little is known on the long-term effects of alcohol consumption during adolescence on RNA epigenetic modifications in brain.Herein,we systematically explored the long-term effects of alcohol exposure during adolescence on small RNA modifications in adult rat brain tissues by comprehensive liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-ESI-MS/MS)analysis.We totally detected 26 modifications in small RNA of brain tissues.Notably,we observed most of these modifications were decreased in brain tissues.These results suggest that alcohol exposure during adolescence may impose a long-lasting impact on RNA modifications in brain tissues.This is the first report that alcohol use during adolescence can alter RNA modifications in adult brain.Collectively,this study suggests a long-term adverse effects of alcohol consumption on brain from RNA epigenetics angle by comprehensive mass spectrometry analysis.展开更多
The utilization of abundant and renewable biomass to fabricate advanced functional materials is considered a promising route for environmental applications.Herein,Lignin-based porous carbon with layered graphene-like ...The utilization of abundant and renewable biomass to fabricate advanced functional materials is considered a promising route for environmental applications.Herein,Lignin-based porous carbon with layered graphene-like structure(LPC)is successfully synthesized and applied to efficiently remove Pb(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ).The as-synthesized LPC materials are systematically characterized and these results show that LPC has a porous graphene-like structure,facilitating the diffusion and immobilization of heavy metal ions.The influence of different reaction parameters(solution pH,initial concentration of metal ions,contact time and adsorbent amount)on the adsorption performance is investigated in details.The results demonstrate that LPC can achieve superior adsorption capacities of 250.5 mg·g^-1 for Pb(Ⅱ)and 126.4 mg·g^-1 for Cd(Ⅱ),which are far superior to the previously reported adsorbents.Pseudo-second order kinetics model and Freundlich isotherm model describe the adsorption process well.Furthermore,the exhausted LPC can be regenerated easily and exhibits the removal efficiency of 96%and 92%for Pb(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ)after five continuous runs,respectively.This study shows a sustainable strategy for the design of porous carbon material from na?ve biomass and highlights the great potential in wastewater treatment.展开更多
The reconstruction of thermal history is an important component of basin evolution and hydrocarbon exploration.Based on vitrinite reflectance data,we integrate the paleo-temperature gradient and paleo-heat flow method...The reconstruction of thermal history is an important component of basin evolution and hydrocarbon exploration.Based on vitrinite reflectance data,we integrate the paleo-temperature gradient and paleo-heat flow methods to reconstruct the thermal history of Junggar Basin.Compared with present thermal state,the Junggar Basin experienced much a higher heat flow of ca.80–120 mW/m2 during the Carboniferous.This feature can be attributed to large-scale volcanic events and related thermal effects.The hydrocarbon maturation history of Carboniferous source rocks indicates that the temperature rapidly reached the threshold of hydrocarbon generation during the Late Carboniferous and has never achieved such a high level since then.This characteristic resulted in the early maturation of hydrocarbons in Carboniferous source rocks.Meanwhile,the results reveal that hydrocarbon maturities are different among various tectonic units in Junggar Basin.The kerogen either rapidly broke through the dry gas period so that cracking of gas occurred or remained in the oil maturation window forming oil reservoirs,which depended on the tectonic background and depositional environment.In this study,we present the thermal and hydrocarbon maturation history since the Carboniferous,which has important implications for further hydrocarbon exploration in Junggar Basin.展开更多
In this paper,ordered mesoporous alumina(OMA)support with the high surface area(328 m^(2)g^(-1))and the large pore volume 0.74(cm^(3)·g^(-1))was synthesized by homogeneous precipitation method.And the influence o...In this paper,ordered mesoporous alumina(OMA)support with the high surface area(328 m^(2)g^(-1))and the large pore volume 0.74(cm^(3)·g^(-1))was synthesized by homogeneous precipitation method.And the influence of EDTA on the physical and chemical properties of the modified catalysts was also studied.The characteristic results showed that the addition of EDTA could adjust the metal-support interaction and improved the acidity of the corresponding catalyst.Combined with the catalytic performance results,the EDTA-modified Ni Mo E(1.0)/OMA catalyst displays the highest DBT hydrodesulfurization conversion(97.7%).展开更多
The concept of DG clusters is introduced with highly penetrated integration of distributed generation(DG)into active distribution networks(ADNs).DG clusters are referred to as parts of an ADN,including DGs,distributio...The concept of DG clusters is introduced with highly penetrated integration of distributed generation(DG)into active distribution networks(ADNs).DG clusters are referred to as parts of an ADN,including DGs,distribution lines and loads.The formation of DG clusters helps to optimally dispatch DG outputs within ADNs.In this regard,an integrated planning strategy of ADNs and DGs in cluster(IPNDGC)is proposed.In order to guarantee that the planning strategy meets the reliability requirements,a reliability assessment is considered in the proposed model.However,reliability assessment is generally accomplished according to a fixed network topology and known DG allocation,which makes it difficult to integrate reliability into planning models.To deal with this difficulty,a novel formulation method for reliability assessment is proposed considering the network topology uncertainties and isolated operating probabilities of DG clusters.The reliability index(RI)represented by expected customer interruption cost(ECOST)is employed in the proposed planning model.The planning model is formulated as a mixed integer second order conic programming planning model.An actual distribution system is employed to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed planning model.展开更多
Environmentally friendly lead-free ceramics capacitors,with outstanding power density,rapid charging/discharging rate,and superior stability,have been receiving increasing attention of late for their ability to meet t...Environmentally friendly lead-free ceramics capacitors,with outstanding power density,rapid charging/discharging rate,and superior stability,have been receiving increasing attention of late for their ability to meet the critical requirements of pulsed power devices in low-consumption systems.However,the relatively low energy storage capability must be urgently overcome.Herein,this work reports on leadfree SrTi_(0.875)Nb_(0.1)O_(3)(STN)replacement of(Bi_(0.47)La_(0.03)Na_(0.5))_(0.94)Ba_(0.06)TiO_(3)(BLNBT)ferroelectric ceramics with excellent energy storage performance.Improving relaxor behaviour and breakdown strength(Eb),decreasing grain size,and mitigating large polarization difference are conductive to the enhancement of comprehensive energy storage performances.The phase-field simulation methods are further analysized evolution process of electrical tree in the experimental breakdown.In particular,the 0.70BLNBT-0.30STN ceramic exhibit a large discharged energy density of 4.2 J/cm^(3) with an efficiency of 89.3%at room temperature under electric field of 380 kV/cm.Additionally,for practical applications,the BLNBT-based ceramics achieve a high power density(~62.3 MW/cm^(3))and fast discharged time(~148.8 ns)over broad temperature range(20-200℃).Therefore,this work can provide a simple and effective guideline paradigm for acquiring high-performance dielectric materials in low-consumption systems operating in a wide range of temperatures and long-term operations.展开更多
We demonstrate an ultrastable miniaturized transportable laser system at 1550 nm by locking it to an optical fiber delay line[FDL].To achieve optimized long-term frequency stability,the FDL was placed into a vacuum ch...We demonstrate an ultrastable miniaturized transportable laser system at 1550 nm by locking it to an optical fiber delay line[FDL].To achieve optimized long-term frequency stability,the FDL was placed into a vacuum chamber with a five-layer thermal shield,and a delicate two-stage active temperature stabilization,an optical power stabilization,and an RF power stabilization were applied in the system.A fractional frequency stability of better than 3.2×10^[-15]at 1 s averaging time and1.1×10^[-14]at 1000 s averaging time was achieved,which is the best long-term frequency stability of an all-fiber-based ultrastable laser observed to date.展开更多
The Mufushan massif, as continental intra-plate magmatites located in the Jiangnan-Xuefeng orogenic belt of the South China. The Mufushan massif constitutes the largest Mesozoic intrusive complex, intruded the Mesopro...The Mufushan massif, as continental intra-plate magmatites located in the Jiangnan-Xuefeng orogenic belt of the South China. The Mufushan massif constitutes the largest Mesozoic intrusive complex, intruded the Mesoproterozoic Lengjiaxi Formation. Multiple geochronometric dating was used to reconstruct their evolution from emplacement to exhumation. The Mufushan granitoids were emplaced at ~150 Ma(U-Pb zircon) as post-orogenic magmatites contributing to Triassic crustal thickening. Onset of regional extension at ~128 Ma(40Ar/39Ar white mica and biotite) manifests a tectonic regime switch. Intense exhumation prior to ~55 Ma was followed by slow denudation and peneplanation for the next 37 Ma(~55–18 Ma). Accelerated cooling since ~18 Ma may have been caused by a far-field effect of the collision between IndiaAsia Plate or the Pacific-Plate subduction. Through a multi-geochronometric approach, this study provides a new comprehensive model for the cause of the intra-plate magmatism formation in the South China, and also established a reliable geochronological framework of the post-orogenic tectonic evolutions of the Jiangnan-Xuefeng orogenic belt.展开更多
In the present work, the sulfur doped bismuth-based catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method and used for the hydrochlorination of acetylene to vinyl chloride monomer(VCM)in a fixed-bed reactor...In the present work, the sulfur doped bismuth-based catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method and used for the hydrochlorination of acetylene to vinyl chloride monomer(VCM)in a fixed-bed reactor. The effect of introduction of S was characterized by N_2 adsorption-desorption,powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, temperatureprogrammed reduction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The characterization results indicated that the doping of S resulted in the increase of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) surface areas and decrease of active species particle size for the Bi-based catalysts, which led to more accessible active sites, and consequently boosted the catalytic hydrochlorination activity. The effect of H_2SO_4 concentration on the activity of this type catalyst was examined, and the results showed that there is an optimal loading of H_2SO_4(S/Bi = 0.5 mol/mol), at which the conversion of C_2H_2 was enhanced to 81% under the reaction condition and coke deposition is a main reason for the deactivation of catalyst.展开更多
Inflammation is a defense mechanism associated with a wide range of diseases.Celastrol is a small molecule isolated from traditional Chinese medicine with potent anti-inflammation activity.In this study,we established...Inflammation is a defense mechanism associated with a wide range of diseases.Celastrol is a small molecule isolated from traditional Chinese medicine with potent anti-inflammation activity.In this study,we established an integrated quantitative proteomics strategy to investigate the acute response to celastrol treatment in a rat macrophage cell line challenged with lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Both stableisotopic based non-targeted quantitative profiling and PRM-based targeted quantitation methods were employed.Dimethyl-labeling based non-targeted profiling revealed 28 and 52 proteins that significantly up-and down-regulated by celastrol.Bioinformatics analysis pinpoint key signaling pathways affected.Seven proteins were selected for examining their time-dependent regulatory pattern in response to celastrol using targeted PRM quantitation.The abundance of mRNA at multiple time-points of selected proteins was also examined.Celastrol induced an acute response of selected key transcriptional factors in terms of mRNA or protein abundance within one hour.Interestingly,regulatory trend of mRNA and protein abundance suggested a novel dual mechanism of celastrol in the terms of acute antiinflammation.The integrated quantitative proteomic strategy established in this study constitutes an efficient workflow to characterize key components and their time-dependent regulatory pattern for monitoring drug response.展开更多
Importance: Joint disease affects more than 90% of severe hemophiliacs. Early diagnosis is critical in preventing hemophilic arthritis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables visualization of early arthropathic chan...Importance: Joint disease affects more than 90% of severe hemophiliacs. Early diagnosis is critical in preventing hemophilic arthritis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables visualization of early arthropathic changes and plays an important role in treatment. Objective: To evaluate the role of T2 mapping in detecting early cartilage lesions in the knee and ankle joints of children with hemophilic arthropathy. Methods: Target joints of 15 male patients with clinically confirmed moderate or severe hemophilia were evaluated with MRI. In addition to routine MRI protocols (T1WI, T2_FFE, T2_SPAIR, PDW_TSE), T2 mapping was used to evaluate the articular cartilage of target joints. results: The mean T2 value of the distal femoral cartilage was 46.72 ± 10.94 ms, which is higher than the reported age-matched normal value (40.27 ± 3.50 ms). The mean T2 value of the proximal tibial cartilage was 45.60 ± 8.82 ms, which is higher than the reported normal value (31.15 ± 1.86 ms). Four examined joints (two ankles, two knees) showed normal morphology with no abnormal signal on routine MR sequences. However, T2 mapping showed locally increased T2 values in the cartilage, along with uneven color scales. Interpretation: The quantitative assessment method of T2 mapping might be helpful to early diagnosis for articular cartilage lesions. It might be a potential tool for early assessment of cartilage changes and quantification of lesion's severity for hemophilia joint.展开更多
The conductive metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are suggested as the ideal electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)because of the high utilization of metal atoms.Rational design and facile synthesis of MOFs ...The conductive metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are suggested as the ideal electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)because of the high utilization of metal atoms.Rational design and facile synthesis of MOFs with large specific surface area,proper metals as center,and tunable chemical components is still full of challenges.Herein,we report the facile synthesis three types of porous MOFs by regulating metal center using benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid(H3 BTC)as organic ligand and have successfully synthesized the rhombic octahedral Cu-BTC,rod-shaped Co-BTC and spherical Ni-BTC materials with large specific surface area ranged in 350-500 m^(2)g^(-1).These as-prepared MOFs materials exhibit high performance of HER in 0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4).Ni-BTC material exhibits the lowest overpotential of 53 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and the smallest Tafel slope of 62 mV dec^(-1)than those of Cu-BTC(270 mV,155 mV dec^(-1))and Co-BTC(123 mV,100 mV dec^(-1)),which are much superior to these previously reported MOFs catalysts.In addition,the fast catalytic kinetic of Ni-BTC was confirmed by the smaller charge transfer resistance(Rct)value of 0.9Ωand larger electrochemical active surface area(ECSA)of 35.5 cm^(2)than those of Cu-BTC(8.2Ω,22.5 cm^(2))and Co-BTC(1.9Ω,27.7 cm^(2)).Because of the structural advantage and large ECSA,the turnover frequency(TOF)value of Ni-BTC reaches up to 0.041 s-1 at 120 mV overpotential,which is 20.5 and 2.6 times greater than that of Cu-BTC(0.002 s-1)and Co-BTC(0.016 s-1).Besides,these three types of MOFs exhibited excellent durability over 12 h.This study unfolds diverse insights into the design and facile synthesis of MOFs for electrochemical energy conversion system.展开更多
A Ru(Ⅲ)-catalyzed annulation reaction of 2-aminoaromatic aldehydes(ketones)and isoxazoles to afford diverse 3-cyanoquinolines has been developed.Notably,isoxazole acted as a cyclization reagent and nontoxic cyano sou...A Ru(Ⅲ)-catalyzed annulation reaction of 2-aminoaromatic aldehydes(ketones)and isoxazoles to afford diverse 3-cyanoquinolines has been developed.Notably,isoxazole acted as a cyclization reagent and nontoxic cyano source via N-O bond cleavage and fragmentation.Variously substituted(especially 6-or 7-substituted)quinolines could be easily afforded.This procedure features wide functional group compatibility,efficiency and avoiding toxic cyano source.Meanwhile,this protocol could be successfully applied to scale-up synthesis.Further chemical transformations of 3-cyanoquinoline could give some valuable skeletons,demonstrating its potential in synthetic application.展开更多
基金Scientific Research Foundation of Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2021YJ0497).
文摘In plants,heteromorphic self-incompatibility(HetSI)is a strategy for avoiding self-pollination and promoting outcrossing,and during this process,numerous protein-protein interaction events occur between the pistil and pollen.Previous studies in Primula and Fagopyrum that focused on HetSI systems have provided interesting insights;however,the molecular mechanism underlying HetSI remains largely unknown.In this study,we profiled the proteome of Plumbago auriculata stigmas before and after self-incompatible(SI)and self-compatible(SC)pollination.Comparative analyses were conducted by 4D-DIA(Four-dimensional data independent acquisition),a promising technology that increases the sensitivity and reduces the spectral complexity of proteomic analysis by adding a fourth dimension,ion mobility.The results revealed 33387 peptides and 5311 proteins in all samples.The pathways in which the differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)identified in the P×P(Pin style self-pollinated with pin pollen)vs.PS(Pin style)and T×T(Thrum style self-pollinated with thrum pollen)vs.TS(Thrum style)comparisons were significantly enriched were biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and pentose and glucuronate interconversions.In the P×T(Pin style cross-pollinated with thrum pollen)vs.PS and T×P(Thrum style cross-pollinated with pin pollen)vs.TS comparison,the top three pathways were biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,pentose and glucuronate interconversions,and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.The phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,cutin,suberine and wax biosynthesis,and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were enriched in the P×T vs.P×P comparison,and starch and sucrose metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabolism,and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism were abundant in the T×T vs.T×P comparison.The enriched pathways between PS and TS were the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,and pentose and glucuronate interconversion.Self-incompatibility protein S1(SI S1),Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/4(MPK3/4),Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2/3(M2K2/3),Exocyst complex component EXO70A1(E70A1)and Thioredoxin H1/2(TRXH1/2)were found to be HetSI-related candidates,and O-fucosyltransferase 23(OFT23),3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 6(KCS6),Receptor-like protein kinase FERONIA(FERON),Fimbrin-5(FIMB5),Pollen-specific leucine-rich repeat extensin-like protein 4(PLRX4),Transcription initiation factor IIB-2(TF2B2)and Pectinesterase 1(AL11A),etc.,were identified as other regulatory transducers.These findings combined with our morphological and reactive oxygen species(ROS)intensity analyses indicate that P.auriculata has typical dry-stigmas and that the HetSI mechanism might differ between the pin and thrum.SI S1 might be the key factor in HetSI,and ROS are overexpressed during SC pollination to rapidly activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)-mediated phosphorylation of E70A1 to maintain stigma receptivity in plants with HetSI.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21878330)Key Research and Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2019YFC1907602)Scientific Research and Technology Development Program of China National Petroleum Corporation(2020B-2116).
文摘NizP supported catalysts exhibit high catalytic activities in hydrogenation reaction,of which the particle sizes of Ni_(2)P active phases are the key influential factor.This research focus on the effect of chelators on the size of Ni_(2)P particles over wrinkle silica nanoparticles(WSNs)by introducing chelating agents EDTA and NTA during impregnation process.The characterization results show that chelators modified cata-lysts possess smaller size of Ni_(2)P particles than the unmodified Ni_(2)P catalysts.Among all the synthesized catalysts,the EDTA modified Ni_(2)PE(1.5)/WSNs catalyst possesses smallest average particle size of Ni_(2)P,only 2.6 nm.Moreover,the Ni_(2)P catalysts with the assistance of EDTA exhibits better catalytic activity than that of NTA under high reaction temperature,which can be ascribed to the strong bonding between EDTA and Ni.And the EDTA modified Ni_(2)PE(1.5)/WSNs catalyst shows highest hydrogenation ability,almost reaching 100%decalin selectivity.
基金financial supports from KeyArea Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B110209003)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019B1515120058,2020A1515011149)+3 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0800700)National Ten Thousand Talent Plan,National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776324)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(19lgzd25)Hundred Talent Plan(201602)from Sun Yatsen University。
文摘High-value reclamation of metal-polluted plants involved in phytoremediation is a big challenge.In this study,nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon with large specific area of 2359.1 m^(2)g^(-1) is facilely fabricated from metal-polluted miscanthus waste for efficient energy storage.The synergistic effect of KOH,urea and ammonia solution greatly improve the nitrogen quantity and surface area of the synthesized carbon.Electrodes fabricated with this carbon exhibit the excellent capacitance performance of 340.2 F g^(-1) at 0.5 A g^(-1) and a low combined resistance of 0.116Ω,which are competitive with most of previously reported carbon-based electrodes.In addition,the as-obtained carbon electrode shows a high specific capacitance retention of over 99.6%even after 5000 cycles.Furthermore,the symmetric supercapacitor fabricated using the synthesized carbon achieves a superior energy density of 25.3 Wh kg^(-1)(at 400 W kg^(-1))in 1 mol L^(-1) Na_(2)SO_(4)aqueous solution.This work provides an efficient route to upcycle metal-polluted plant waste for supercapacitor applications.
文摘Bioaerosol emissions from animal feeding operation (AFO) facilities are of increasing interest due to the magnitude of the emissions and their potential health effect on local communities. There is limited information about fate and transport of AFO bioaerosol emissions. In this study, concentrations of airborne bacteria and fungi were measured at four ambient stations in four wind directions surrounding an egg production farm through winter, spring and summer using Andersen six-stage samplers. Mean concentrations of ambient bacteria and fungi ranged from 8.7 × 102 CFU m-3 to 1.3 × 103 CFU m-3 and from 2.8 × 102 CFU m-3 to 1.4 × 103 CFU m-3, respectively. Ambient bacterial concentrations were not significantly different over the seasons, while ambient fungal concentrations were the highest in summer and the lowest in winter. There were significant differences between downwind and upwind bacterial concentrations (p < 0.0001). Downwind bacterial and fungal concentrations responded differently to the influencing factors. Bacterial concentrations were quadratically correlated with wind vector (combined effects of wind speed and direction) and emission rate, were positively correlated with temperature, and were negatively correlated with solar radiation. Fungal concentrations were positively correlated with temperature, RH, and emission rate, and were negatively correlated with wind vector.
文摘Major depressive disorder(MDD)has been a devastating neurological problem in modern history.However,therapeutic strategies to relief the disease are inadequate.The limit in understanding of the molecular mechanism of MDD has been holding back discovery of new therapies.Behind this problem is the establishment of animal models to truly reflect human MDD pathology.In this review,we discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanism of MDD and the strength and weakness of rodent models of depression.Developing new models of MDD and finding new drugable targets are still important steps to discover new therapies against MDD.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFA0806601,2022YFC3400700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22277093,22074110,21721005)+1 种基金the Interdisciplinary Innovative Talents Foundation from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University(No.JCRCGW-2022-008)the Translational Medicine and Interdisciplinary Research Joint Fund of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University(No.ZNJC202208).
文摘Alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.Adolescence is a critical period of structural and functional maturation of the brain.Adolescent alcohol use can alter epigenetic modifications.However,little is known on the long-term effects of alcohol consumption during adolescence on RNA epigenetic modifications in brain.Herein,we systematically explored the long-term effects of alcohol exposure during adolescence on small RNA modifications in adult rat brain tissues by comprehensive liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-ESI-MS/MS)analysis.We totally detected 26 modifications in small RNA of brain tissues.Notably,we observed most of these modifications were decreased in brain tissues.These results suggest that alcohol exposure during adolescence may impose a long-lasting impact on RNA modifications in brain tissues.This is the first report that alcohol use during adolescence can alter RNA modifications in adult brain.Collectively,this study suggests a long-term adverse effects of alcohol consumption on brain from RNA epigenetics angle by comprehensive mass spectrometry analysis.
基金supported by National Ten Thousand Plan Young Top-notch Talent PlanNational Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD0800700)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (21776324)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (2014A050503032)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (2018K02)Hundred Talent Plan (201602) from Sun Yat-sen University
文摘The utilization of abundant and renewable biomass to fabricate advanced functional materials is considered a promising route for environmental applications.Herein,Lignin-based porous carbon with layered graphene-like structure(LPC)is successfully synthesized and applied to efficiently remove Pb(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ).The as-synthesized LPC materials are systematically characterized and these results show that LPC has a porous graphene-like structure,facilitating the diffusion and immobilization of heavy metal ions.The influence of different reaction parameters(solution pH,initial concentration of metal ions,contact time and adsorbent amount)on the adsorption performance is investigated in details.The results demonstrate that LPC can achieve superior adsorption capacities of 250.5 mg·g^-1 for Pb(Ⅱ)and 126.4 mg·g^-1 for Cd(Ⅱ),which are far superior to the previously reported adsorbents.Pseudo-second order kinetics model and Freundlich isotherm model describe the adsorption process well.Furthermore,the exhausted LPC can be regenerated easily and exhibits the removal efficiency of 96%and 92%for Pb(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ)after five continuous runs,respectively.This study shows a sustainable strategy for the design of porous carbon material from na?ve biomass and highlights the great potential in wastewater treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41502236 and 41877210)the National Foundation for Science and Technology Development(No.2017ZX05008-004).
文摘The reconstruction of thermal history is an important component of basin evolution and hydrocarbon exploration.Based on vitrinite reflectance data,we integrate the paleo-temperature gradient and paleo-heat flow methods to reconstruct the thermal history of Junggar Basin.Compared with present thermal state,the Junggar Basin experienced much a higher heat flow of ca.80–120 mW/m2 during the Carboniferous.This feature can be attributed to large-scale volcanic events and related thermal effects.The hydrocarbon maturation history of Carboniferous source rocks indicates that the temperature rapidly reached the threshold of hydrocarbon generation during the Late Carboniferous and has never achieved such a high level since then.This characteristic resulted in the early maturation of hydrocarbons in Carboniferous source rocks.Meanwhile,the results reveal that hydrocarbon maturities are different among various tectonic units in Junggar Basin.The kerogen either rapidly broke through the dry gas period so that cracking of gas occurred or remained in the oil maturation window forming oil reservoirs,which depended on the tectonic background and depositional environment.In this study,we present the thermal and hydrocarbon maturation history since the Carboniferous,which has important implications for further hydrocarbon exploration in Junggar Basin.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21878330,21676298)the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC1907602)the CNPC Key Research Project(2016E-0707)。
文摘In this paper,ordered mesoporous alumina(OMA)support with the high surface area(328 m^(2)g^(-1))and the large pore volume 0.74(cm^(3)·g^(-1))was synthesized by homogeneous precipitation method.And the influence of EDTA on the physical and chemical properties of the modified catalysts was also studied.The characteristic results showed that the addition of EDTA could adjust the metal-support interaction and improved the acidity of the corresponding catalyst.Combined with the catalytic performance results,the EDTA-modified Ni Mo E(1.0)/OMA catalyst displays the highest DBT hydrodesulfurization conversion(97.7%).
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2016YFB0900400)in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51907043)in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JZ2020HGTB0040,PA2019GDPK0085).
文摘The concept of DG clusters is introduced with highly penetrated integration of distributed generation(DG)into active distribution networks(ADNs).DG clusters are referred to as parts of an ADN,including DGs,distribution lines and loads.The formation of DG clusters helps to optimally dispatch DG outputs within ADNs.In this regard,an integrated planning strategy of ADNs and DGs in cluster(IPNDGC)is proposed.In order to guarantee that the planning strategy meets the reliability requirements,a reliability assessment is considered in the proposed model.However,reliability assessment is generally accomplished according to a fixed network topology and known DG allocation,which makes it difficult to integrate reliability into planning models.To deal with this difficulty,a novel formulation method for reliability assessment is proposed considering the network topology uncertainties and isolated operating probabilities of DG clusters.The reliability index(RI)represented by expected customer interruption cost(ECOST)is employed in the proposed planning model.The planning model is formulated as a mixed integer second order conic programming planning model.An actual distribution system is employed to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed planning model.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51902167,51902134)Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City(Grant No.2021J064)+1 种基金Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LY21E020002)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.2008085ME133).
文摘Environmentally friendly lead-free ceramics capacitors,with outstanding power density,rapid charging/discharging rate,and superior stability,have been receiving increasing attention of late for their ability to meet the critical requirements of pulsed power devices in low-consumption systems.However,the relatively low energy storage capability must be urgently overcome.Herein,this work reports on leadfree SrTi_(0.875)Nb_(0.1)O_(3)(STN)replacement of(Bi_(0.47)La_(0.03)Na_(0.5))_(0.94)Ba_(0.06)TiO_(3)(BLNBT)ferroelectric ceramics with excellent energy storage performance.Improving relaxor behaviour and breakdown strength(Eb),decreasing grain size,and mitigating large polarization difference are conductive to the enhancement of comprehensive energy storage performances.The phase-field simulation methods are further analysized evolution process of electrical tree in the experimental breakdown.In particular,the 0.70BLNBT-0.30STN ceramic exhibit a large discharged energy density of 4.2 J/cm^(3) with an efficiency of 89.3%at room temperature under electric field of 380 kV/cm.Additionally,for practical applications,the BLNBT-based ceramics achieve a high power density(~62.3 MW/cm^(3))and fast discharged time(~148.8 ns)over broad temperature range(20-200℃).Therefore,this work can provide a simple and effective guideline paradigm for acquiring high-performance dielectric materials in low-consumption systems operating in a wide range of temperatures and long-term operations.
基金supported by the Special Foundation for State Major Basic Research Program of China(Nos.2021YFC2201803 and 2021YFC2201904)。
文摘We demonstrate an ultrastable miniaturized transportable laser system at 1550 nm by locking it to an optical fiber delay line[FDL].To achieve optimized long-term frequency stability,the FDL was placed into a vacuum chamber with a five-layer thermal shield,and a delicate two-stage active temperature stabilization,an optical power stabilization,and an RF power stabilization were applied in the system.A fractional frequency stability of better than 3.2×10^[-15]at 1 s averaging time and1.1×10^[-14]at 1000 s averaging time was achieved,which is the best long-term frequency stability of an all-fiber-based ultrastable laser observed to date.
基金the NSFC projects(Nos.41972152,41672140,41372140)the“Thirteenth Five-Year”Major National Science and Technology Programs(Nos.2017ZX05032-002-004,2016ZX05024-002-005)+2 种基金the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Colleges,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan(No.CUGCJ1820)the“111”Program(No.B14031)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2016CFA055)。
文摘The Mufushan massif, as continental intra-plate magmatites located in the Jiangnan-Xuefeng orogenic belt of the South China. The Mufushan massif constitutes the largest Mesozoic intrusive complex, intruded the Mesoproterozoic Lengjiaxi Formation. Multiple geochronometric dating was used to reconstruct their evolution from emplacement to exhumation. The Mufushan granitoids were emplaced at ~150 Ma(U-Pb zircon) as post-orogenic magmatites contributing to Triassic crustal thickening. Onset of regional extension at ~128 Ma(40Ar/39Ar white mica and biotite) manifests a tectonic regime switch. Intense exhumation prior to ~55 Ma was followed by slow denudation and peneplanation for the next 37 Ma(~55–18 Ma). Accelerated cooling since ~18 Ma may have been caused by a far-field effect of the collision between IndiaAsia Plate or the Pacific-Plate subduction. Through a multi-geochronometric approach, this study provides a new comprehensive model for the cause of the intra-plate magmatism formation in the South China, and also established a reliable geochronological framework of the post-orogenic tectonic evolutions of the Jiangnan-Xuefeng orogenic belt.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1403293,21263025)the Graduate Research and Innovation Program of Xinjiang(No.XJGRI2015010)
文摘In the present work, the sulfur doped bismuth-based catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method and used for the hydrochlorination of acetylene to vinyl chloride monomer(VCM)in a fixed-bed reactor. The effect of introduction of S was characterized by N_2 adsorption-desorption,powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, temperatureprogrammed reduction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The characterization results indicated that the doping of S resulted in the increase of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) surface areas and decrease of active species particle size for the Bi-based catalysts, which led to more accessible active sites, and consequently boosted the catalytic hydrochlorination activity. The effect of H_2SO_4 concentration on the activity of this type catalyst was examined, and the results showed that there is an optimal loading of H_2SO_4(S/Bi = 0.5 mol/mol), at which the conversion of C_2H_2 was enhanced to 81% under the reaction condition and coke deposition is a main reason for the deactivation of catalyst.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21705137)China and donation from Kwok Chung Bo Fun Charitable Fund for the establishment of the Kwok Yat Wai Endowed Chair of Environmental and Biological Analysis。
文摘Inflammation is a defense mechanism associated with a wide range of diseases.Celastrol is a small molecule isolated from traditional Chinese medicine with potent anti-inflammation activity.In this study,we established an integrated quantitative proteomics strategy to investigate the acute response to celastrol treatment in a rat macrophage cell line challenged with lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Both stableisotopic based non-targeted quantitative profiling and PRM-based targeted quantitation methods were employed.Dimethyl-labeling based non-targeted profiling revealed 28 and 52 proteins that significantly up-and down-regulated by celastrol.Bioinformatics analysis pinpoint key signaling pathways affected.Seven proteins were selected for examining their time-dependent regulatory pattern in response to celastrol using targeted PRM quantitation.The abundance of mRNA at multiple time-points of selected proteins was also examined.Celastrol induced an acute response of selected key transcriptional factors in terms of mRNA or protein abundance within one hour.Interestingly,regulatory trend of mRNA and protein abundance suggested a novel dual mechanism of celastrol in the terms of acute antiinflammation.The integrated quantitative proteomic strategy established in this study constitutes an efficient workflow to characterize key components and their time-dependent regulatory pattern for monitoring drug response.
文摘Importance: Joint disease affects more than 90% of severe hemophiliacs. Early diagnosis is critical in preventing hemophilic arthritis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables visualization of early arthropathic changes and plays an important role in treatment. Objective: To evaluate the role of T2 mapping in detecting early cartilage lesions in the knee and ankle joints of children with hemophilic arthropathy. Methods: Target joints of 15 male patients with clinically confirmed moderate or severe hemophilia were evaluated with MRI. In addition to routine MRI protocols (T1WI, T2_FFE, T2_SPAIR, PDW_TSE), T2 mapping was used to evaluate the articular cartilage of target joints. results: The mean T2 value of the distal femoral cartilage was 46.72 ± 10.94 ms, which is higher than the reported age-matched normal value (40.27 ± 3.50 ms). The mean T2 value of the proximal tibial cartilage was 45.60 ± 8.82 ms, which is higher than the reported normal value (31.15 ± 1.86 ms). Four examined joints (two ankles, two knees) showed normal morphology with no abnormal signal on routine MR sequences. However, T2 mapping showed locally increased T2 values in the cartilage, along with uneven color scales. Interpretation: The quantitative assessment method of T2 mapping might be helpful to early diagnosis for articular cartilage lesions. It might be a potential tool for early assessment of cartilage changes and quantification of lesion's severity for hemophilia joint.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11922415,22078374,21776324 and 21701197)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11922415,21776324 and 21701197)+6 种基金Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B110209003)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2019A1515011718,2019B1515120058 and 2020A1515011149)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD0800700)the National Ten Thousand Talent Planthe Pearl River Scholarship Program of Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges(No.20191001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.19lgzd25 and 19lgzd03)the Hundred Talent Plan from Sun Yat-sen University。
文摘The conductive metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are suggested as the ideal electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)because of the high utilization of metal atoms.Rational design and facile synthesis of MOFs with large specific surface area,proper metals as center,and tunable chemical components is still full of challenges.Herein,we report the facile synthesis three types of porous MOFs by regulating metal center using benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid(H3 BTC)as organic ligand and have successfully synthesized the rhombic octahedral Cu-BTC,rod-shaped Co-BTC and spherical Ni-BTC materials with large specific surface area ranged in 350-500 m^(2)g^(-1).These as-prepared MOFs materials exhibit high performance of HER in 0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4).Ni-BTC material exhibits the lowest overpotential of 53 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and the smallest Tafel slope of 62 mV dec^(-1)than those of Cu-BTC(270 mV,155 mV dec^(-1))and Co-BTC(123 mV,100 mV dec^(-1)),which are much superior to these previously reported MOFs catalysts.In addition,the fast catalytic kinetic of Ni-BTC was confirmed by the smaller charge transfer resistance(Rct)value of 0.9Ωand larger electrochemical active surface area(ECSA)of 35.5 cm^(2)than those of Cu-BTC(8.2Ω,22.5 cm^(2))and Co-BTC(1.9Ω,27.7 cm^(2)).Because of the structural advantage and large ECSA,the turnover frequency(TOF)value of Ni-BTC reaches up to 0.041 s-1 at 120 mV overpotential,which is 20.5 and 2.6 times greater than that of Cu-BTC(0.002 s-1)and Co-BTC(0.016 s-1).Besides,these three types of MOFs exhibited excellent durability over 12 h.This study unfolds diverse insights into the design and facile synthesis of MOFs for electrochemical energy conversion system.
基金partial financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFE0132600)Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists(No.GZS2020001)Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(No.212102311068)。
文摘A Ru(Ⅲ)-catalyzed annulation reaction of 2-aminoaromatic aldehydes(ketones)and isoxazoles to afford diverse 3-cyanoquinolines has been developed.Notably,isoxazole acted as a cyclization reagent and nontoxic cyano source via N-O bond cleavage and fragmentation.Variously substituted(especially 6-or 7-substituted)quinolines could be easily afforded.This procedure features wide functional group compatibility,efficiency and avoiding toxic cyano source.Meanwhile,this protocol could be successfully applied to scale-up synthesis.Further chemical transformations of 3-cyanoquinoline could give some valuable skeletons,demonstrating its potential in synthetic application.