Sequential therapy according to distinct disease progression patterns in advanced ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer after crizotinib treatment

Objective: Crizotinib is recommended as the first-line therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)-positive non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Despite its initial efficacy, patients ultimately acquire resistance to crizotinib within 1 year. In such patients, the optimal sequential therapy after crizotinib treatment remains unknown. This study explored which sequential therapy option confers the greatest benefit.Methods: A total of 138 patients with advanced ALK-positive NSCLC resistant to crizotinib were studied. Based on patterns of disease progression of metastases, patients were divided into 3 groups: brain progression, non-liver progression, and liver progression. Sequential therapies included crizotinib continuation plus local therapy, nextgeneration ALK inhibitors(ALKi's), and chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS) from the time of crizotinib resistance to death or last follow-up.Results: The 138 patients included 64 cases with progression in brain, 57 cases in non-liver sites and 17 cases in liver. A significant difference in OS was observed among the distinct progression pattern(median OS, 25.4 months in brain, 15.8 months in non-liver, and 10.8 months in liver, respectively, P=0.020). The difference in OS among sequential therapies was statistically significant in the non-liver progression group(median OS, 27.6 months with next-generation ALKi's, 13.3 months with crizotinib continuation, and 10.8 months with chemotherapy,respectively, P=0.019). However, crizotinib continuation plus local therapy seems to provide non-inferior median OS compared with next-generation ALKi's for patients with brain progression(median OS, 28.9 months vs.32.8 months, P=0.204). And no significant differences in OS were found in patients with progression in liver(P=0.061).Conclusions: Crizotinib continuation together with local therapy might be a feasible strategy for patients with progression in brain beyond crizotinib resistance, as well as next-generation ALKi's. Next-generation ALKi's tended to provide a survival benefit in patients with non-liver progression.

Is there an optimal time to initiate adjuvant chemotherapy to predict benefit of survival in non-small cell lung cancer?

Objective: Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) after curative resection is known to improve the survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, few studies have reported the correlation between the time to initiation of AC (TTAC) and survival in NSCLC patients. Methods: The clinical data of 925 NSCLC patients who received curative resection and post-operative AC at the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between 2003 and 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. TTAC was measured from the date of surgery to the initiation of AC. Disease-free survival (DFS) was defined as the duration from surgery to the time of tumor recurrence or last follow-up evaluation. The optimal cut-off value of TTAC was determined by maximally selected log-rank statistics. The DFS curve was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify risk factors independently associated with DFS. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed for survival analysis using the match data. Results: The optimal discriminating cut-off value of TTAC was set at d 35 after curative resection based on which the patients were assigned into two groups: group A (<= 35 d) and group B (> 35 d). There was no significant difference in the DFS between the two groups (P=0.246), indicating that the TTAC is not an independent prognostic factor for DFS. A further comparison continued to show no significant difference in the DFS among 258 PSM pairs (P=0.283). Conclusions: There was no significant correlation between the TTAC and DFS in NSCLC patients. Studies with larger samples are needed to further verify this conclusion.

The safety and efficacy of modified minimally invasive trabeculectomy for the treatment of primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma

Background: Primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma(PCACG) is one of the main types of glaucoma in China. Trabeculectomy is the most commonly used glaucoma filtration surgery for glaucoma in the world. Conventional trabeculectomy is prone to anesthesia-related complications intraoperative and operationrelated complications postoperative in PCACG treatment. Modified minimally invasive trabeculectomy maybe can reduce the incidence of complications.Methods: We conducted a prospective case series study and performed modified fornix-based trabeculectomy in 27 patients(30 eyes) under topical anesthesia; we then observed intraoperative anesthesia and cooperation ef ect, intraoperative and postoperative complications, preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure(IOP), visual field, and the use of ocular hypotensive drugs. The patients were followed up for at least 12 months.Results: All operations were completed successfully with no intraoperative complications. All 27 patients(30 eyes) were followed up for at least 12 months. No significant decrease in visual acuity was observed at days 1 or 7 and at months 1, 3, 6, and 12 after operation; however, a signii cant decrease in IOP was observed at days 1 and 7 and at months 1, 3, 6, and 12 after operation. Moreover, no significant progression in visual field mean defect was observed at month 12 after operation, and the number of ocular hypotensive drugs required was significantly reduced at months 6 and 12 after operation. By month 12 after operation, the overall success rate was 93.33%(28/30).Conclusions: Modii ed minimally invasive trabeculectomy is safe and ef ective for the treatment of PCACG.

Study on the relationship between syndrome characteristics degree and inflammatory factor and negative emotional scale in"double heart disease"patients with Qi stagnation blood stasis and heart gallbladder heat stagnation

Objective:To Discuss the correlation between Hypersensitivity C-reactive Protein(Hs-CRP),Total Cholesterol(TC),Triglyceride(TG),negative emotion scale and TCM syndrome scores in“Double Heart Disease”patients with Qi stagnation blood stasis and heart gallbladder heat stagnation.Method:Fifty-two patients in Western Medicine Diagnosis of Double Heart Disease,in TCM syndrome identified as Qi stagnation blood stasis Heart gallbladder heat stagnation syndrome,detects it Hs-CRP,TC,TG levels by ELISA,use TCM Syndromes Scale to evaluate TCM Syndrome,use the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and Self-rating symptom scale(SCL-90)to assess anxiety and sleep levels,analyze the correlation between TCM syndrome scores and Hs-CRP,TC,TG level,PSQI index,SCL-90 index.Result:There was a significant positive correlation between Hs-CRP,TG level and TCM Syndrome scores(P<0.05);TC level was postively correlated with TCM Syndrome scores,but there was no statistical significance(P>0.05);There was a significant positive correlation between PSQI index,SCL-90 index and TCM Syndrome scores(P<0.05).Conclusion:In“Double Heart Disease”patients with Qi stagnation blood stasis and heart gallbladder heat stagnation,there have characteristic syndrome changes in terms of inflammatory factor level,blood lipid level and negative emotion score;Which the above indexes can reflect the severity of TCM syndromes to a certain extent and provide the basis for the effective intervention treatment of TCM.

社区获得性肺炎合并糖尿病患者的临床特征和死亡危险因素分析

目的 探讨社区获得性肺炎(community-acquired pneumonia,CAP)合并糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)患者的临床特征和住院期间死亡的危险因素。方法 回顾性收集昆明医科大学第二附属医院2018年1月至2022年1月住院治疗的566例CAP患者资料,根据患者是否合并糖尿病分为单纯CAP组(n=478),CAP合并糖尿病(CAP+DM)组(n=88),再根据患者住院期间是否死亡将CAP+DM组(n=88)分为存活组(n=69)和死亡组(n=19)。分别比较不同分组患者的临床资料和入院时的实验室化验指标,采用Cox回归分析筛选CAP+DM组患者住院期间死亡的危险因素,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估危险因素对住院期间死亡的预测价值。结果 与单纯CAP组比较,CAP+DM组患者在年龄、合并高血压、冠心病、CURB-65评分、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、前白蛋白(prealbumin,PA)、葡萄糖(glucose,GLU)、血清钾(potassium,K)、钙(calcium,Ca)、磷(phosphorus,P)、镁(magnesium,Mg)、乳酸(lactic acid,Lac),无创通气时间、入住ICU率及病死率比较上,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);与存活组比较,死亡组患者在CURB-65评分、NLR、CRP、PCT、GIU、ALB、PA、血清铁(iron,Fe)、Ca、无创通气时间、入住ICU率比较上,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。Cox回归分析显示,NLR水平升高、PA水平下降是CAP合并糖尿病患者住院期间死亡的危险因素(P <0.05)。PA截断值为91 mg/L时,预测合并糖尿病的CAP患者住院期间死亡的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)、灵敏度和特异度分别为0.849,84.2%、81.2%。结论 CAP合并糖尿病的患者较单纯的CAP患者病情更严重,预后更差,PA对这类患者的预后具有良好的预测价值,应早期检测并积极干预,以降低患者的住院病死率。

Detection of ALK translocation in non-small cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC) and its clinicopathological significance using the Ventana immunohistochemical staining method: a single-center large-scale investigation of 1,504 Chinese Han patients

Objective： The novel fully automated immunohistochemistry （IHC） assay-Ventana anaplastic lymphoma kinase （ALK）-DSF3 for screening ALK rearrangements has been approved by China＇s Food and Drug Administration in 2013, our previous study disclosed a highly specificity and sensitivity nearly 100%, and its efficacy needs to be evaluated in a large cohort of primary lung adenocarcinoma patients, and to compare clinicopathological features with ALK （＋） and ALK （-） lung adenocarcinoma.Methods： A total of 1,504 consecutive surgical lung adenocareinoma eases of Chinese Han population were collected and re-diagnosed according to the 2011 multidisciplinary classification of lung adenocarcinoma. Fully automated Ventana ALK-D5F3 IHC staining with a binary scoring was adopted to evaluate staining and correlated with dinieopathologieal characters, including age, sex, differentiation degree, histological subtype, lymph node metastasis, and clinical staging. ALK （＋） patients were followed-up, and targeted therapy of ALKinhibitors was adopted and observed in patients with stage IV according to the NCCN guideline.Results： ALK positive adenocarcinomas were identified in 6.6% of the surgically resected 1,504 NSCLCs, and significantly younger than the negative group （P〈0.05）.Mucinous adenocarcinoma （28.2%） was determined to be predominant in ALK （＋） cases, followed by the solid type （11.7%）, specific type （6.8%）, papillary type （5.6%）, acinar type （5.5%）, and lepidic type （3.1%）, and the differences were statistically significant （χ2=42.01 1, P〈0.05）. ALK （＋） adenocarcinoma with lymph node metastasis （10.8%） were significantly higher than that without lymph node metastasis （4.5%） （g2=19.809, P〈0.05）; and ALK （＋） in phase Ⅳ （20%） was significantly higher than phaseⅢ （12.9%）, phase Ⅱ （4.2%）, phase Ⅰ （4.5%）, and phase 0 （0） （g2=36.068, P〈0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression disclosed that patient age, AJCC staging, and histological mucinous subtype were correlated with ALK positive staining （OR=0.959, 1.578, 5.036, respectively）. Sixty eight patients had followed-up results, five patients out of which primarily diagnosed or progressed into Stage IV benefited well from targeted therapy with Crizotinib.Conclusions： The ALK fusion protein was seen in 6.6% Chinese NSCLC patients, and mosdy seen in younger, clinically higher staging, mueinous and solid predominant adenoearcinoma. Clinical trials in patients of Stage Ⅳ eonfirmed that ALK-DSF3 Ventana IHC is serviceable in screening ALK-positive candidates for molecular targeted therapy.

Depolymerization and hydrodeoxygenation of lignin to aromatic hydrocarbons with a Ru catalyst on a variety of Nb-based supports

Efficient conversion of lignin to aromatic hydrocarbons via depolymerization and subsequent hydrodeoxygenation is important.Previously,we found that NbOx species played a key role in the activation and cleavage of C-O bonds in lignin and its model compounds.In this study,commercial niobic acid(HY-340),niobium phosphate(NbPO-CBMM)and lab-made layered niobium oxide(Nb2O5-Layer)were chosen as supports to study the effect of Brosted and Lewis acids on the activation of C-O bonds in lignin conversion.A variety of Ru-loaded,Nb-based catalysts with different Ru particle sizes were prepared and applied to the conversion of p-cresol.The results show that all the Ru/Nb-based catalysts produce high mole yields of C7-C9 hydrocarbons(82.3%-9.1%).What's more,Ru/Nb2O5-Layer affords the best mole yield of C7-C9 hydrocarbons and selectivity for C7-C9 aromatic hydrocarbons,of up to 99.1% and 88.0%,respectively.Moreover,it was found that Lewis acid sites play important roles in the depolymerization of enzymatic lignin into phenolic monomers and the cleavage of the C-O bond of phenols.Additionally,the electronic state and particle size of Ru are significant factors which influence the selectivity for aromatic hydrocarbons.A partial positive charge on the metallic Ru surface and a smaller Ru particle size are beneficial in improving the selectivity for aromatic hydrocarbons.

Cortical spreading depression-induced preconditioning in the brain

Cortical spreading depression is a technique used to depolarize neurons. During focal or global ischemia, cortical spreading depression-induced preconditioning can enhance tolerance of further injury. However, the underlying mechanism for this phenomenon remains relatively unclear. To date, numerous issues exist regarding the experimental model used to precondition the brain with cortical spreading depression, such as the administration route, concentration of potassium chloride, induction time, duration of the protection provided by the treatment, the regional distribution of the protective effect, and the types of neurons responsible for the greater tolerance. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms underlying cor- tical spreading depression-induced tolerance in the brain, considering excitatory neurotransmission and metabolism, nitric oxide, genomic reprogramming, inflammation, neurotropic factors, and cellular stress response. Specifically, we clarify the procedures and detailed information regarding cortical spreading depression-induced preconditioning and build a foundation for more comprehensive investigations in the field of neural regeneration and clinical application in the future.

Simulated effect of soil freeze-thaw process on surface hydrologic and thermal fluxes in frozen ground region of the Northern Hemisphere

Soil freeze-thaw process is closely related to surface energy budget,hydrological activity,and terrestrial ecosystems.In this study,two numerical experiments(including and excluding soil freeze-thaw process)were designed to examine the effect of soil freeze-thaw process on surface hydrologic and thermal fluxes in frozen ground region in the Northern Hemisphere based on the state-of-the-art Community Earth System Model version 1.0.5.Results show that in response to soil freeze-thaw process,the area averaged soil temperature in the shallow layer(0.0175−0.0451 m)decreases by 0.35℃in the TP(Tibetan Plateau),0.69℃in CES(Central and Eastern Siberia),and 0.6℃in NA(North America)during summer,and increases by 1.93℃in the TP,2.28℃in CES and 1.61℃in NA during winter,respectively.Meanwhile,in response to soil freeze-thaw process,the area averaged soil liquid water content increases in summer and decrease in winter.For surface heat flux components,the ground heat flux is most significantly affected by the freeze-thaw process in both summer and winter,followed by sensible heat flux and latent heat flux in summer.In the TP area,the ground heat flux increases by 2.82 W/m2(28.5%)in summer and decreases by 3.63 W/m2(40%)in winter.Meanwhile,in CES,the ground heat flux increases by 1.89 W/m2(11.3%)in summer and decreases by 1.41 W/m2(18.6%)in winter.The heat fluxes in the Tibetan Plateau are more susceptible to the freeze-thaw process compared with the high-latitude frozen soil regions.Soil freeze-thaw process can induce significant warming in the Tibetan Plateau in winter.Also,this process induces significant cooling in high-latitude regions in summer.The frozen ground can prevent soil liquid water from infiltrating to deep soil layers at the beginning of thawing;however,as the frozen ground thaws continuously,the infiltration of the liquid water increases and the deep soil can store water like a sponge,accompanied by decreasing surface runoff.The influence of the soil freeze-thaw process on surface hydrologic and thermal fluxes varies seasonally and spatially.

Impact of crizotinib on long-term survival of ALK-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A Chinese multicenter cohort study

Objective: Crizotinib has demonstrated promising efficacy in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)-positive non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC) in clinical trials. We conducted this retrospective multicenter study to assess the outcomes of crizotinib therapy in, to our knowledge, a large sample cohort of patients with ALKpositive advanced NSCLC.Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 484 unselected ALK-positive NSCLC patients treated with crizotinib at 5 cancer centers in China from January 2013 to November 2017. Clinical data were collected from the initiation of crizotinib therapy to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(RECIST)-defined progressive disease(PD).Results: A total of 428 eligible ALK-positive NSCLC patients were enrolled, 273(63.8%) of whom received crizotinib as first-line treatment. The median progression-free survival(PFS) and overall survival(OS) from the initiation of crizotinib treatment were 14.4 [95% confidence interval(95% CI), 12.4-16.4] months and 53.4(95%CI, 33.7-73.1) months, respectively. In subgroup analyses, patients who received crizotinib as first-line treatment showed a higher disease control rate(DCR) and a longer median OS compared with second-/later-line crizotinib treatment(94.8% and OS not reached vs. 89.0% and 40.5 months, respectively). For 261 patients with RECISTdefined PD, multivariate Cox analysis revealed that in patients who received first-line crizotinib therapy, continued crizotinib beyond progressive disease(CBPD) and next-generation ALK inhibitors after crizotinib failure were associated with improved survival.Conclusions: This study has demonstrated the clinically meaningful benefit of crizotinib treatment in a large cohort of Chinese ALK-positive NSCLC patients. CBPD and next-generation ALK inhibitor treatment may provide improved survival after RECIST-defined progression on crizotinib.

Soft Bandage Contact Lenses in Management of Early Bleb Leak Following Trabeculectomy

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of a soft bandage contact lens in the management of early bleb leak following trabeculectomy.Methods: Between October 2011 and April 2013, 11 patients with early bleb leak following fornix-based trabeculectomy were instructed to wear a soft bandage contact lens 14 mm in diameter continuously for 1-2 weeks. The daily visual acuity,intraocular pressure(IOP), anterior chamber situation, and healing condition were measured at 1, 3, and 7 d, after con tact lens removal,.and 3 months after trabeculectomy..The conditions of blebs,.sensation of wearing contact lens,.and adverse events were recorded.Results:.Bleb leaks were observed at 2-8 d after surgery,(4.09±1.10 d on average). The daily Log MAR visual acuity did not significantly differ before and after contact lens wear(P>0.05). The IOP was significantly raised after at 1, 3, and7 d after lens wear.(all P <0.05).The IOP at 3 months after lens wear did not significantly differ from that measured at lens removal(t=1.191, P=0.089). At 1 d after lens wear, 6cases had deeper anterior chambers..All patients presented with a significantly deepened anterior chamber at 3 d after lens wear,.and were restored to the preoperative conditions..The bleb leakage was successfully treated at 7 d after lens removal in 10 patients, while 1 patient had to wear the contact lens for another 7 d for full healing of the bleb leak. No ocular infection was noted throughout the management.Conclusion: A soft bandage contact lens of 14 mm diameter is a safe and efficacious therapy for an early bleb leak following fornix-based trabeculectomy.

Congenital intestinal malrotation with gastric wall defects causing extensive gut necrosis and short gut syndrome:A case report

BACKGROUND Congenital intestinal malrotation(CIM)is a common malformation in neonates.Early diagnosis and surgical intervention can improve the prognosis.CIM combined with congenital gastric wall defect is a potentially fatal condition.We present a severe case of CIM with gastric wall defect causing extensive gut necrosis and short gut syndrome.After three operations,the neonate survived and subsequently showed normal growth and development during infancy.CASE SUMMARY A male neonate(age:4 d)was hospitalized due to bloody stools and vomiting for 2 d,and abdominal distention for 1 d.Emergent exploratory laparotomy revealed black purplish discoloration of the bowel loops.Bowel alignment was abnormal with congestion and dilatation of the entire intestine,and clockwise mesentery volvulus(720°).The posterior wall of the gastric body near the greater curvature showed a defect in the muscularis layer(approximately 5.5 cm),and a circular perforation(approximately 3 cm diameter)at the center of this defect.Ladd’s procedure was performed and gastric wall defect was repaired.Third operation performed 53 d after birth revealed extensive adherence of small intestine and peritoneum,and adhesion angulated between many small intestinal loops.We performed intestinal adhesiolysis,resection of necrotic intestine,and small bowel anastomosis.CONCLUSION This case highlights that prolonged medical treatment may help improve intestinal salvage after surgical removal of necrotic intestines,and improve patient prognosis.

Dataset of Comparative Observations for Land Surface Processes over the Semi-Arid Alpine Grassland against Alpine Lakes in the Source Region of the Yellow River

Thousands of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP) play a critical role in the regional water cycle, weather, and climate. In recent years, the areas of TP lakes underwent drastic changes and have become a research hotspot. However, the characteristics of the lake-atmosphere interaction over the high-altitude lakes are still unclear, which inhibits model development and the accurate simulation of lake climate effects. The source region of the Yellow River(SRYR) has the largest outflow lake and freshwater lake on the TP and is one of the most densely distributed lakes on the TP. Since 2011,three observation sites have been set up in the Ngoring Lake basin in the SRYR to monitor the lake-atmosphere interaction and the differences among water-heat exchanges over the land and lake surfaces. This study presents an eight-year(2012–19), half-hourly, observation-based dataset related to lake–atmosphere interactions composed of three sites. The three sites represent the lake surface, the lakeside, and the land. The observations contain the basic meteorological elements,surface radiation, eddy covariance system, soil temperature, and moisture(for land). Information related to the sites and instruments, the continuity and completeness of data, and the differences among the observational results at different sites are described in this study. These data have been used in the previous study to reveal a few energy and water exchange characteristics of TP lakes and to validate and improve the lake and land surface model. The dataset is available at National Cryosphere Desert Data Center and Science Data Bank.

可切除Ⅲa/N2期非小细胞肺癌治疗模式探讨

临床可切除Ⅲa/N2期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)的治疗模式一直存在争议,化疗、放疗、手术等治疗手段都有可改善其生存的报道,靶向治疗和免疫治疗的研究也有较多新进展,联合治疗的选择更是很多临床试验研究的重点。联合治疗包括化疗联合手术或放疗,以及化疗、放疗和手术三种治疗的联合。对于NSCLC最佳治疗模式目前尚无定论。本文通过对多项II期、Ⅲ期临床试验及meta分析、个案报道的综述回顾,比较不同治疗方式对临床可切除Ⅲa/N2期NSCLC的生存影响,结果显示多学科治疗中手术对于延长患者生存是必要的选择,而新辅助化疗后联合手术并不优于联合放疗。依据肿瘤大小、淋巴结累及情况等进行个体化治疗是未来值得进一步探索的方向。

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics and peptidomics for systems biology and biomarker discovery

The scientific community has shown great interest in the field of mass spectrometry-based proteomics and peptidomics for its applications in biology. Proteomics technologies have evolved to produce large data sets of proteins or peptides involved in various biologic and disease progression processes generating testable hypothesis for complex biologic questions. This review provides an introduction to relevant topics in proteomics and peptidomics including biologic material selection, sample preparation, separation techniques, peptide fragmentation, post-translational modifications, quantification, bioinformatics, and biomarker discovery and validation. In addition, current literature, remaining challenges, and emerging technologies for proteomics and peptidomics are presented.

An improvement of soil temperature simulations on the Tibetan Plateau

The simulation of soil temperature on the Tibetan Plateau(TP) plays a dominant role in the performance of both global climate and numerical weather forecast models. To improve the simulation of soil temperature on the TP, the Johansen soil thermal conductivity parameterization scheme was introduced into Community Land Model 3.5(CLM3.5) and Regional Climatic Model 4(Reg CM4). The improved CLM3.5 and Reg CM4-CLM were utilized to conduct offline and regional simulation experiments on the TP. Comparison of the new and old schemes revealed that CLM3.5 provides high thermal conductivity parameters of mineral soil solid on the TP. The Johansen scheme is more practical for the TP than the soil thermal conductivity parameterization in CLM3.5. The simulation of soil temperature and liquid water content was improved in offline experiment. The improved parameterization scheme can also reduce the simulation error of soil temperature in winter throughout the entire TP.

Zeolite A enhanced chitosan films with high water absorption ability and antimicrobial activity

Zeolite A/CS xerogel hybrid films were prepared by in-situ crystallization method with uniform structure and good strength.The hybrid films prepared from the precursor films dried at 50℃showed zeolite A was well crystallized.The hybrid films show high water absorption,good elastic strength and Young modulus.The antimicrobial ability of the hybrid films was investigated after Ag^(+)-ion exchanged.The Ag^(+)-exchanged hybrid films with 35%(mass)content of zeolite A showed the highest antimicrobial activity,which could reduce the concentration of the microbial to zero after 7 h.

Investigation and analysis of 14034 college students on COVID-19 and its countermeasures and suggestions

Objective:To understand the current situation of college students'knowledge,cognitive attitude and behavior(KAP)towards the prevention and control of Corona Virus Disease 2019(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19)during the epidemic,so as to provide theoretical basis for college students'resumption of study and campus prevention and control.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among 16,410 college students by using the convenient sampling method of,One-Way ANOVA and Logistic regression analysis of the survey data.Results:The total awareness rate of college students on COVID-19 was 85%,the average knowledge score was(70.4±10.0),and the proportion of high cognition was 74.5%.The average attitude score of college students was(3.78±0.55),and only 3.9%of them held a positive attitude.The average score of college students'protective behaviors was(19.35±1.69),and 48.8%of them took good protective behaviors.Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the proportion of students with high cognition who adopt good protective behaviors is higher than that of students with low cognition(95%CI:0.621-0.752).The proportion of students with a positive attitude to adopt good behaviors was higher than that with a negative attitude(95%CI:1.398-2.009),Spearman rank correlation analysis results showed that there was a weak positive correlation between cognition and attitude(r=0.056,P<0.05),and a weak positive correlation between cognition and behavior(r=0.118,P<0.05),and a weak positive correlation between attitude and behavior(r=0.038,P<0.05).Conclusion:College students have a good overall cognition of COVID-19,but their attitudes and protective behaviors need to be further improved.Therefore,knowledge education,behavioral intervention and psychological counseling on COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control among college students should be strengthened to improve their prevention and control ability and physical quality.

Corneal Biomechanical Properties and Associated Factors in School-age Children

Purpose: To study and analyze the correlation among corneal biomechanical properties and associated factors including central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal curvature (CT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) in school-age children. Methods:A cross sectional investigation was conducted. An ocular response analyzer was utilized to assess the corneal biomechanical properties,such as corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factors, in children of school age. Multivariate regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between corneal biomechanical properties and other ocular parameters including CCT, corneal curvature (k1 and k2), and IOP. The right eyes of all subjects were selected for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 571 children were enrolled: 303 male and 268 female,with an average age of 10.47 ±1.0 years. The mean value of corneal hysteresis was 10.98 ±1.78 mmHg, corneal resistance factor was 11.46±1.69 mmHg,and CCT was 556.01±28.97 μm. Conclusion:The feasibility of corneal biomechanical detection in school age children was validated. This study provides fundamental data on corneal biomechanical properties in school-age children and associated factors. (Eye Science 2013; 28:34-39)

The 2022 record-breaking high temperature in China:Sub-seasonal stepwise enhanced characteristics,possible causes and its predictability

In the summer of 2022,an unprecedented and long-lasting high temperature swept central-eastern China,causing significant societal effects.However,the sub-seasonal characteristics,causes and predictability of this extreme high temperature event are not well explored.Based on the locations,intensities and causes of the high temperature,we divided it into three stages:early(13 June-3 July),sustained(4-28 July),and enhancement(29 July-30 August)stages.The high temperature during the early stage mainly occurred in north-central China with an anomaly of 2.5℃compared with climatology(1981-2010),while the last two stages occurred in the middle and lower Yangtze River Basin with anomalies of 2.8 and 3.8℃respectively.The high temperature during the three stages were all regulated by the strengthening and westward extension of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH)but involved different physical process.In the early stage,it was mainly caused by the anticyclones over the Mongolia and Northwest Pacific and enhanced by the minor impact of WPSH.In the sustained stage it was influenced by relatively more stronger WPSH and South Asia high(SAH)and the relatively minor impact of the anticyclone over the north-western South Asia.In the enhancement stage,the high temperature was mainly caused by a combination of the record-breaking WPSH and SAH and the strong European blocking high.Inside,the exceptionally powerful WPSH was well correlated with the sea surface temperature gradient induced by the developing La Niña.The ECMWF and NCEP models reasonably predicted the location and intensity of the high temperature in the early stage,but poorly predicted that in the sustained and enhancement stages partly because of the failure prediction of the WPSH's enhancement and westward extension.The ECMWF model's more accurate prediction of the WPSH may contribute to its better forecasting of the heatwaves.