Freshwater Dothideomycetes

Freshwater Dothideomycetes are a highly diverse group of fungi,which are mostly saprobic in freshwater habitats world-wide.They are important decomposers of submerged woody debris and leaves in water.In this paper,we outline the genera of freshwater Dothideomycetes with notes and keys to species.Based on multigene analyses and morphology,we introduce nine new genera,viz.Aquimassariosphaeria,Aquatospora,Aquihelicascus,Fusiformiseptata,Neohelicascus,Neojahnula,Pseudojahnula,Purpureofaciens,Submersispora;33 new species,viz.Acrocalymma bipolare,Aquimassariosphaeria kun-mingensis,Aquatospora cylindrica,Aquihelicascus songkhlaensis,A.yunnanensis,Ascagilis submersa,A.thailandensis,Bambusicola aquatica,Caryospora submersa,Dictyocheirospora thailandica,Fusiformiseptata crocea,Helicosporium thai-landense,Hongkongmyces aquaticus,Lentistoma aquaticum,Lentithecium kunmingense,Lindgomyces aquaticus,Longipedi-cellata aquatica,Neohelicascus submersus,Neohelicomyces dehongensis,N.thailandicus,Neohelicosporium submersum,Nigrograna aquatica,Occultibambusa kunmingensis,Parabambusicola aquatica,Pseudoasteromassaria aquatica,Pseu-doastrosphaeriella aquatica,Pseudoxylomyces aquaticus,Purpureofaciens aquatica,Roussoella aquatica,Shrungabeeja aquatica,Submersispora variabilis,Tetraploa puzheheiensis,T.yunnanensis;16 new combinations,viz.Aquimassariospha-eria typhicola,Aquihelicascus thalassioideus,Ascagilis guttulaspora,A.queenslandica,A.seychellensis,A.sunyatsenii,Ernakulamia xishuangbannaensis,Neohelicascus aquaticus,N.chiangraiensis,N.egyptiacus,N.elaterascus,N.gallicus,N.unilocularis,N.uniseptatus,Neojahnula australiensis,Pseudojahnula potamophila;17 new geographical and habitat records,viz.Aliquandostipite khaoyaiensis,Aquastroma magniostiolata,Caryospora aquatica,C.quercus,Dendryphiella vinosa,Ernakulamia cochinensis,Fissuroma neoaggregatum,Helicotruncatum palmigenum,Jahnula rostrata,Neorous-soella bambusae,N.leucaenae,Occultibambusa pustula,Paramonodictys solitarius,Pleopunctum pseudoellipsoideum,Pseudocapulatispora longiappendiculata,Seriascoma didymosporum,Shrungabeeja vadirajensis and ten new collections from China and Thailand,viz.Amniculicola guttulata,Aquaphila albicans,Berkleasmium latisporum,Clohesyomyces aquati-cus,Dictyocheirospora rotunda,Flabellascoma fusiforme,Pseudoastrosphaeriella bambusae,Pseudoxylomyces elegans,Tubeufia aquatica and T.cylindrothecia.Dendryphiella phitsanulokensis and Tubeufia roseohelicospora are synonymized with D.vinosa and T.tectonae,respectively.Six orders,43 families and 145 genera which belong to freshwater Dothideo-mycetes are reviewed.Of these,46 genera occur exclusively in freshwater habitats.A world map illustrates the distribution of freshwater Dothideomycetes.

Contribution to rust flora in China I,tremendous diversity from natural reserves and parks

Rust fungi taxonomically belonging to Pucciniales(Basidiomycota)are important phytopathogens that cause many signifi-cant diseases to agricultural crops and forest trees.Hitherto,ca.8000 and 1200 species have been reported from worldwide and China,respectively.To investigate and document the diversity of rust fungi in China,we have sampled from 86 natural reserves and national parks in the past several years,and 6627 specimens have been collected.Our identification using both morphological and molecular data assigned 1654 collections to 337 species in 43 genera of 15 families,as cataloged in this paper.Among them,34 new species are formally described based on their morphological distinctions and phylogenetic relationships.In addition,three new families Endoraeciaceae,Neophysopellaceae and Uromycladiaceae are proposed based on their morphological distinctions,phylogenetic independences and divergent times.Considering the traditionally mor-phologically defined families in Pucciniales have been increasing revealed to be discordant with phylogenetic groupings,taxonomic revisions are needed in future study to establish a natural classification system in Pucciniales.We also discussed the importance of morphologies in spermogonia and aecia for the delimitation of Puccinia and related genera.This study presents a significant contribution to the knowledge of rust flora in China.Taxonomic novelties:new families:Endoraeci-aceae P.Zhao&L.Cai;Neophysopellaceae P.Zhao&L.Cai;Uromycladiaceae P.Zhao&L.Cai;new species:Chryso-myxa jinghongensis P.Zhao&L.Cai;Coleosporium sichuanense P.Zhao&L.Cai;Coleosporium smilacis P.Zhao&L.Cai;Cystopsora yunnanense P.Zhao&L.Cai;Gerwasia guanganensis P.Zhao&L.Cai;Gerwasia rubus-playfairianus P.Zhao&L.Cai;Hamaspora rubus-pirifolius P.Zhao&L.Cai;Macruropyxis guizhouensis P.Zhao&L.Cai;Macruropyxis paederiae P.Zhao&L.Cai;Melampsora hyperici-sampsonii P.Zhao&L.Cai;Melampsora linearis P.Zhao&L.Cai;Melampsora salicis-delavayanae P.Zhao&L.Cai;Neophysopella vitis-davidii P.Zhao&L.Cai;Phakopsora sophorae P.Zhao&L.Cai;Phragmidium nonapiculatum P.Zhao&L.Cai;Phragmidium kanas P.Zhao&L.Cai;Phragmidium duchesneae-indicae P.Zhao&L.Cai;Pileolaria medogensis P.Zhao&L.Cai;Puccinia amygdalus-iridis P.Zhao&L.Cai;Puccinia aphananthe-aspera P.Zhao&L.Cai;Puccinia microsorus P.Zhao&L.Cai;Puccinia nandina-domestica P.Zhao&L.Cai;Puccinia persicaria-odorata P.Zhao&L.Cai;Puccinia polygonum-aviculare P.Zhao&L.Cai;Puccinia pulverulentus P.Zhao&L.Cai;Puccinia saposhnikoviae P.Zhao&L.Cai;Puccinia sonchus-oleraceus P.Zhao&L.Cai;Puccinia thalictrum-finetii P.Zhao&L.Cai;Puccinia thalictrum-minus P.Zhao&L.Cai;Puccinia xingwenensis P.Zhao&L.Cai;Puccinia xinjiangensis P.Zhao&L.Cai;Puccinia zanthoxyli-chinensis P.Zhao&L.Cai;Uromyces aconiticola P.Zhao&L.Cai;Uromycladium yunnanense P.Zhao&L.Cai;new combinations:Chrysomyxa purpurea(C.J.You&J.Cao)P.Zhao&L.Cai;Neophysopella verannonae(Beenken)P.Zhao&L.Cai.