The adult mammalian central nervous system(CNS) coordinates essential functions such as sensation,movement,autonomic control,thought processes,and communication.Consequently,injuries or diseases of the CNS are often a...The adult mammalian central nervous system(CNS) coordinates essential functions such as sensation,movement,autonomic control,thought processes,and communication.Consequently,injuries or diseases of the CNS are often associated with devastating and permanent functional impairments because damaged axons normally fail to regenerate.An insufficient neuron-intrinsic growth capacity and an inhibitory environment at the injury site are the leading causes of this regenerative failure.展开更多
In recent years,GSK3 has emerged as a key regulatory kinase in the nervous system,which is involved in diverse processes ranging from neural development to mood stabilization to neurodegeneration.In addition,it has be...In recent years,GSK3 has emerged as a key regulatory kinase in the nervous system,which is involved in diverse processes ranging from neural development to mood stabilization to neurodegeneration.In addition,it has been described as a regulator of several aspects of neural morphology such as polarization,axon growth and branching （Seira and Del Rio, 2014）.展开更多
Unlike the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the central nervous system (CNS) has a low intrinsic regenerative capacity and has mechanisms that actively suppress axon regrowth, for example, glial scarring and myelin in...Unlike the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the central nervous system (CNS) has a low intrinsic regenerative capacity and has mechanisms that actively suppress axon regrowth, for example, glial scarring and myelin inhibition (Fischer, 2012). Even in the PNS, which has the principle ability to regenerate injured axons, functional recovery remains limited, particularly in cases where the nerve target has become unreceptive to re-innervation over time due to an insufficient axonal growth rate (Diekmann and Fischer, 2015). Progress towards robust neuroregenerative therapies depends upon an understanding of the relevant signaling and cytoskeletal proteins that drive and control axon extension. Muscle LIM protein (MLP), also known as cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3, was recently discovered to be one such protein that is expressed in regenerating rat neurons and whose overexpression can promote the axon regeneration of adult central, and peripheral neurons of different species (Levin et al., 2019).展开更多
We recently achieved significant functional recovery after a complete spinal cord injury,allowing previously paralyzed mice to walk again.This was accomplished by a single,unilateral application of an adeno-associated...We recently achieved significant functional recovery after a complete spinal cord injury,allowing previously paralyzed mice to walk again.This was accomplished by a single,unilateral application of an adeno-associated virus(AAV) carrying the cDNA for the designer cytokine hyper-interleukin-6 (hIL-6) into the sensorimotor cortex after spinal cord injury.展开更多
Traumatic axonal lesions disrupt the connections between neurons and their targets, leading to loss of motoric and sensory functions. Although lesioned peripheral nerves can principally regenerate, the rate of recover...Traumatic axonal lesions disrupt the connections between neurons and their targets, leading to loss of motoric and sensory functions. Although lesioned peripheral nerves can principally regenerate, the rate of recovery depends on the mode and severity of the respective injury （Grinsell and Keating, 2014）. While injuries close to the innervation site have good chances of recovery, long distance regeneration is particularly problematic due to relatively slow axonal growth rates, which even under favorable conditions do not normally exceed 1-2 mm per day （Sunderland, 1947）.展开更多
文摘The adult mammalian central nervous system(CNS) coordinates essential functions such as sensation,movement,autonomic control,thought processes,and communication.Consequently,injuries or diseases of the CNS are often associated with devastating and permanent functional impairments because damaged axons normally fail to regenerate.An insufficient neuron-intrinsic growth capacity and an inhibitory environment at the injury site are the leading causes of this regenerative failure.
文摘In recent years,GSK3 has emerged as a key regulatory kinase in the nervous system,which is involved in diverse processes ranging from neural development to mood stabilization to neurodegeneration.In addition,it has been described as a regulator of several aspects of neural morphology such as polarization,axon growth and branching （Seira and Del Rio, 2014）.
基金supported by the German Research Foundation(FI 867/12,to DF)
文摘Unlike the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the central nervous system (CNS) has a low intrinsic regenerative capacity and has mechanisms that actively suppress axon regrowth, for example, glial scarring and myelin inhibition (Fischer, 2012). Even in the PNS, which has the principle ability to regenerate injured axons, functional recovery remains limited, particularly in cases where the nerve target has become unreceptive to re-innervation over time due to an insufficient axonal growth rate (Diekmann and Fischer, 2015). Progress towards robust neuroregenerative therapies depends upon an understanding of the relevant signaling and cytoskeletal proteins that drive and control axon extension. Muscle LIM protein (MLP), also known as cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3, was recently discovered to be one such protein that is expressed in regenerating rat neurons and whose overexpression can promote the axon regeneration of adult central, and peripheral neurons of different species (Levin et al., 2019).
基金funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to DF。
文摘We recently achieved significant functional recovery after a complete spinal cord injury,allowing previously paralyzed mice to walk again.This was accomplished by a single,unilateral application of an adeno-associated virus(AAV) carrying the cDNA for the designer cytokine hyper-interleukin-6 (hIL-6) into the sensorimotor cortex after spinal cord injury.
基金supported by the German Research Foundation(DFG)
文摘Traumatic axonal lesions disrupt the connections between neurons and their targets, leading to loss of motoric and sensory functions. Although lesioned peripheral nerves can principally regenerate, the rate of recovery depends on the mode and severity of the respective injury （Grinsell and Keating, 2014）. While injuries close to the innervation site have good chances of recovery, long distance regeneration is particularly problematic due to relatively slow axonal growth rates, which even under favorable conditions do not normally exceed 1-2 mm per day （Sunderland, 1947）.
