Mushrooms have a remarkable scientific value due to their nutritional, medicinal properties and industrial applications in enzyme production, so that effort in the maintenance of native wild mushroom varieties is incr...Mushrooms have a remarkable scientific value due to their nutritional, medicinal properties and industrial applications in enzyme production, so that effort in the maintenance of native wild mushroom varieties is increasing. The present study focuses on the use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for biodiversity measure of wild mushroom species of the Northwest mountainous region of Greece. Data mining of similarity matrices from RAPD analysis was used to extract measurable entropy parameters for mushroom biodiversity monitoring based on Shannon’s information entropy. Shannon information index provides an easy assessment of the entropy of the genetic information of the germplasm per mushroom species while the total equitability index (E<sub>H</sub>) = 0.871 offers an overall estimation of the genetic variation evenness of all species in the population of the studied mushrooms. Application of RAPDs with parallel entropy analysis is an easily applicable and low-cost valuable technology in environmental monitoring, using genetic information of wild mushroom species as an indicator that can lead to future actions in biodiversity maintenance and germplasm protection. The provided methodology can serve as a pilot procedure enriched with other environmental factors to monitor and protect wild mushroom communities native to the Greek countryside or in any part of the world and provide comparable results about biodiversity from different regions using common entropy indices.展开更多
Pre-drying treatments are frequently employed to preserve fruit quality.The objective of this research was to monitor colour changes of banana during drying by laser backscattering and to determine the influence of th...Pre-drying treatments are frequently employed to preserve fruit quality.The objective of this research was to monitor colour changes of banana during drying by laser backscattering and to determine the influence of the fruit discolouration on the light distribution into banana tissue.Moreover,to examine the influence of drying on the laser backscatter,the relationship between moisture content and relative laser area of banana slices was analyzed with different degrees of colour degradation.The experiments were conducted at drying air temperature of 63℃with various pre-treatments like chilling,soaking in ascorbic/citric acid and dipping in distilled water.An untreated sample was used as a control.A laser diode emitting at 670 nm with 3 mW power was used as light source.The backscattering relative laser area was used as an indicator for the light absorption into the tissue.The high result achieved on coefficient of determination R^(2)(>0.93)confirmed linear relationship between relative laser area and moisture content.Treatment with ascorbic acid gave the best prediction of the moisture content with the standard error of 5.7 and 8.8 for the estimated intercept and slope.The results showed a significant difference of lightness(L*values)during drying according to the different treatments.As a result,colour degradation did not have a significant influence on the absorption of light at 670 nm wavelength.展开更多
文摘Mushrooms have a remarkable scientific value due to their nutritional, medicinal properties and industrial applications in enzyme production, so that effort in the maintenance of native wild mushroom varieties is increasing. The present study focuses on the use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for biodiversity measure of wild mushroom species of the Northwest mountainous region of Greece. Data mining of similarity matrices from RAPD analysis was used to extract measurable entropy parameters for mushroom biodiversity monitoring based on Shannon’s information entropy. Shannon information index provides an easy assessment of the entropy of the genetic information of the germplasm per mushroom species while the total equitability index (E<sub>H</sub>) = 0.871 offers an overall estimation of the genetic variation evenness of all species in the population of the studied mushrooms. Application of RAPDs with parallel entropy analysis is an easily applicable and low-cost valuable technology in environmental monitoring, using genetic information of wild mushroom species as an indicator that can lead to future actions in biodiversity maintenance and germplasm protection. The provided methodology can serve as a pilot procedure enriched with other environmental factors to monitor and protect wild mushroom communities native to the Greek countryside or in any part of the world and provide comparable results about biodiversity from different regions using common entropy indices.
文摘Pre-drying treatments are frequently employed to preserve fruit quality.The objective of this research was to monitor colour changes of banana during drying by laser backscattering and to determine the influence of the fruit discolouration on the light distribution into banana tissue.Moreover,to examine the influence of drying on the laser backscatter,the relationship between moisture content and relative laser area of banana slices was analyzed with different degrees of colour degradation.The experiments were conducted at drying air temperature of 63℃with various pre-treatments like chilling,soaking in ascorbic/citric acid and dipping in distilled water.An untreated sample was used as a control.A laser diode emitting at 670 nm with 3 mW power was used as light source.The backscattering relative laser area was used as an indicator for the light absorption into the tissue.The high result achieved on coefficient of determination R^(2)(>0.93)confirmed linear relationship between relative laser area and moisture content.Treatment with ascorbic acid gave the best prediction of the moisture content with the standard error of 5.7 and 8.8 for the estimated intercept and slope.The results showed a significant difference of lightness(L*values)during drying according to the different treatments.As a result,colour degradation did not have a significant influence on the absorption of light at 670 nm wavelength.
