Objective The effect of oral cadmium(Cd)intake to influence contact skin allergies was examined,since it is known that Cd is a heavy metal that affects many tissues,including the skin,in which it disturbs homeostasis,...Objective The effect of oral cadmium(Cd)intake to influence contact skin allergies was examined,since it is known that Cd is a heavy metal that affects many tissues,including the skin,in which it disturbs homeostasis,thus resulting in inflammation and injury.Methods Male rats were evoked with experimental contact hypersensitivity reaction(CHS)to hapten dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB),after prolonged(30 day)oral exposure to an environmentally relevant Cd dose(5 ppm).The ear cell population was analyzed with flow cytometry.Cytokine production by ear skin cells and the activity of skin-draining lymph node(DLN)cells were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Orally acquired Cd(5 ppm)increased CHS intensity only in Dark Agouti(DA)rats by affecting inflammatory responses in both the sensitization(an increase of IFN-γ and IL-17 cytokine production)and challenge(an increase of CD8^(+)and CD4^(+)cell number and TNF,IFN-γ and IL-17 cytokine production)phases.An increased CHS reaction was seen in Albino Oxford(AO)rats only at a high Cd dose(50 ppm),during the challenge phase(an increase of CD8^(+)and CD4^(+)cell number and TNF,IFN-γ and IL-17 cytokine production).Conclusion These novel data indicate that oral Cd intensifies the skin response to sensitizing chemicals such as DNCB.展开更多
The importance of issues associated with urban/commensal rats and mice(property damage,management costs,and health risks)press upon research on these animals.While the demography of commensal rodents is mostly studied...The importance of issues associated with urban/commensal rats and mice(property damage,management costs,and health risks)press upon research on these animals.While the demography of commensal rodents is mostly studied,the need for understanding factors influencing their natural morbidity/mortality is also stressed.In this respect,more attention is expected to be paid to immunity,the physiological mechanism of defense against host survival threats(pathogens,parasites,diseases).Commensal rats and mice carry numerous pathogens that evoke diverse immune responses.The state of immunity in commensal house mice is studied in great detail,owing to the use of laboratory strains in biomedical research.Because commensal rats are,compared to mice,carriers of more zoonotic agents,rats’immunity is studied mainly in that context.Some of these zoonotic agents cause chronic,asymptomatic infections,which justified studies of immunological mechanisms of pathogen tolerance versus clearance regulation in rats.Occurrence of some infections in specific tissues/organs pressed upon analysis of local/regional immune responses and/or immunopathology.A survey of immunological activity/responses in commensal rats is given in this review,with mention of existing data in commensal mice.It should throw some light on the factors relevant to their morbidity and lifespan,supplementing the knowledge of commensal rodent ecology.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia[451-03-68/2020-14/200007]。
文摘Objective The effect of oral cadmium(Cd)intake to influence contact skin allergies was examined,since it is known that Cd is a heavy metal that affects many tissues,including the skin,in which it disturbs homeostasis,thus resulting in inflammation and injury.Methods Male rats were evoked with experimental contact hypersensitivity reaction(CHS)to hapten dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB),after prolonged(30 day)oral exposure to an environmentally relevant Cd dose(5 ppm).The ear cell population was analyzed with flow cytometry.Cytokine production by ear skin cells and the activity of skin-draining lymph node(DLN)cells were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Orally acquired Cd(5 ppm)increased CHS intensity only in Dark Agouti(DA)rats by affecting inflammatory responses in both the sensitization(an increase of IFN-γ and IL-17 cytokine production)and challenge(an increase of CD8^(+)and CD4^(+)cell number and TNF,IFN-γ and IL-17 cytokine production)phases.An increased CHS reaction was seen in Albino Oxford(AO)rats only at a high Cd dose(50 ppm),during the challenge phase(an increase of CD8^(+)and CD4^(+)cell number and TNF,IFN-γ and IL-17 cytokine production).Conclusion These novel data indicate that oral Cd intensifies the skin response to sensitizing chemicals such as DNCB.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia(451-03-68/2022-14/200007).
文摘The importance of issues associated with urban/commensal rats and mice(property damage,management costs,and health risks)press upon research on these animals.While the demography of commensal rodents is mostly studied,the need for understanding factors influencing their natural morbidity/mortality is also stressed.In this respect,more attention is expected to be paid to immunity,the physiological mechanism of defense against host survival threats(pathogens,parasites,diseases).Commensal rats and mice carry numerous pathogens that evoke diverse immune responses.The state of immunity in commensal house mice is studied in great detail,owing to the use of laboratory strains in biomedical research.Because commensal rats are,compared to mice,carriers of more zoonotic agents,rats’immunity is studied mainly in that context.Some of these zoonotic agents cause chronic,asymptomatic infections,which justified studies of immunological mechanisms of pathogen tolerance versus clearance regulation in rats.Occurrence of some infections in specific tissues/organs pressed upon analysis of local/regional immune responses and/or immunopathology.A survey of immunological activity/responses in commensal rats is given in this review,with mention of existing data in commensal mice.It should throw some light on the factors relevant to their morbidity and lifespan,supplementing the knowledge of commensal rodent ecology.
