离子液体在萃取分离领域的研究进展和应用

综述了近几年来离子液体在石油化工领域中萃取分离的应用,主要包括对于脂肪烃和芳烃的萃取分离、烷烃和烯烃的萃取分离、燃料油中的脱硫脱氮,并概述了离子液体在萃取分离过程中的萃取机理和影响因素。此外,针对离子液体回收难度较大的问题,概述了主要的回收方法,包括减压蒸馏、液液萃取和双水相分离等方法。结合离子液体的优势和存在的问题,对其工业化的应用提出展望。

基于多语义线索的跨模态视频检索算法

针对现有的大多数跨模态视频检索算法忽略了数据中丰富的语义线索,使得生成特征的表现能力较差的问题,设计了一种基于多语义线索的跨模态视频检索模型,该模型通过多头目自注意力机制捕捉视频模态内部对语义起到重要作用的数据帧,有选择性地关注视频数据的重要信息,获取数据的全局特征;采用双向门控循环单元(GRU)捕捉多模态数据内部上下文之间的交互特征;通过对局部数据之间的细微差别进行联合编码挖掘出视频和文本数据中的局部信息。通过数据的全局特征、上下文交互特征和局部特征构成多模态数据的多语义线索,更好地挖掘数据中的语义信息,进而提高检索效果。在此基础上,提出了一种改进的三元组距离度量损失函数,采用了基于相似性排序的困难负样本挖掘方法,提升了跨模态特征的学习效果。在MSR-VTT数据集上的实验表明:与当前最先进的方法比较,所提算法在文本检索视频任务上提高了11.1%;在MSVD数据集上的实验表明:与当前先进的方法比较,所提算法在文本检索视频任务上总召回率提高了5.0%。

Orthogonal design to sift the optimal parameter of Neiguan acupuncture for cerebral infarction

The individual difference and non-repeatability in acupuncture have not only restricted the devel- opment of acupuncture, but have also affected the specificity of acupoints. The present study used instruments to control needle depth, lifting and thrusting frequency, and the duration of acupuncture. Effects of the quantified acupuncture were observed at Neiguan （PC6） with different stimulation parameters. A frequency of 1, 2, or 3 Hz and duration of 5, 60, or 180 seconds were used to observe cerebral blood flow and ratio of infarct volume recovery. Results showed that stimulation at Neiguan with a frequency of 1 Hz and long duration of 180 seconds or 2/3 Hz and long duration of 5/60 seconds significantly increased cerebral blood flow and decreased the ratio of infarct volume. In- teractions between frequency and duration play a critical role in quantified acupuncture therapy.

Non-image diagnosis of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Objective: To evaluate the role of simple non-imagetechnique in intraoperative diagnosis of bile duct in-jury (BDI).Methods: BDI was highly suspected at the original la-paroscopic cholecystectomy (LC) when the following 3abnormal findings were noted: the 'cystic duct' stump(the common bile duct stump actually) markedly re-tracted down to the duodenum; bile leakage from theporta hepatis; abnormal mucosal patch attached to the'cystic duct' stump of the removed gallbladder. Allcases of suspected BDI were converted to have laparo-tomy. Image techniques such as intraoperative cholan-giography or ultrasonography were not utilized forrecognition of BDI in all 9 patients.Results: BDI in 4 of the 9 patients was suspected ac-cording to 1-3 abnormal intraoperative findings de-scribed above. The four patients were subjected imme-diately to converted laparotomy. Abnormal findingswere not observed or misinterpreted in the other 5misdiagnosed patients.Conclusions: Timely recognizing whether BDI occursshould be considered as a routine procedure ofLC. Negligence of operators to the abnormalities of theoriginal LC, is the main cause of misdiagnosis forBDL. Simple non-image approaches such as close ob-servation of these abnormalities can make timely diag-nosis for most BDIs during the original LC.

Three-dimensional identification of the cystic infundibulum-cystic duct junction: a technique for identification of the cystic duct in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

OBJECTIVE: The main cause of bile duct injury (BDI) at laparoscopic cholecystectomy is misidentification of the common bile duct as the cystic duct (CD). The aim of this article is to introduce a modified technique, i. e., three-dimensional identification of the cystic infundibulum (CI)-CD junction, to prevent misidentification-induced BDI during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: The Cl was extensively dissected to expose its anterior, interior-superior and inferior-dorsal aspects. With the CI nearly circularly dissected out, the CI and the appearance-indicated CI-CD junction might be three-dimensionally identified and the reality of the CI-CD junction as well as the reality of the CD could be precisely judged. RESULTS: Overall 10 BDIs were documented in this group. Since BDI occurred in 8 of 4382 patients receiving laparoscopic cholecyxtectomy, the technique for prevention of mixidentification-induced BDI was established. Among the late batch of 7618 patients, only two BDIs were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional identification of the CI-CD junction is a reliable, feasible and relatively low experience-dependent technique to prevent most of misidentification-induced BDI.

Sophaloseedlines A-G: Diverse Matrine-Based Alkaloids from Sophora alopecuroides with Potential Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activities

Sophaloseedlines A-G(1-7),seven new matrine-based alkaloids along with two known analogues,were isolated from the seeds of Sophora alopecuroides.The new structures were determined based on extensive spectroscopic data,electronic circular dichroism calculations,and X-ray crystallography.Notably,sophaloseedline A(1)represents a novel rearranged 6(5→17)-abeo-matrine alkaloid featuring unprecedented highly constructed 7/6/5/6 tetracyclic fused ring skeleton.The hypothetical biosynthetic pathways for sophaloseedli nes A-F were proposed based on co-existing precursors.Additionally,all the isolated alkaloids were screened for their antiviral activities against hepatitis B virus,and new alkaloids 1 and 2 displayed more potent activities than those of matrine(a parent alkaloid of title plant)and positive control(lamivudine).

Structurally Diverse Matrine-Based Alkaloids with Anti-inflam-matory Effects from Sophora alopecuroides

A phytochemical investigation on the seeds of Sophora alopecuroides led to obtaining fourteen structurally diverse matrine-based alkaloids(1-14),including eight new ones(1,6,8-12,14).Notably,alopecuroide F(1)represents the first dimeric matrine-type skeleton assembled via unprecedent C-13-C-12'connection.The new structures were determined through extensive spectroscopic data(UV,OR,HRESIMS,1D,and 2D NMR),ECD calculations,and three instances,verified by X-ray crystallography.Biologically,all alkaloids were evaluated for cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines(HepG2,A549,THP-1,and MCF-7)and anti-inflammatory activities for two pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-αand IL-6).Alopecuroide F(1)can inhibit TNF-αand IL-6 productions in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 35.6±0.5 and 41.7±0.8μmol/L,respectively.