High rainfall in subtropical regions can leach cation elements from ecosystems,which may limit plant growth.Plants often develop efficient resorption patterns to recycle elements,but there is relatively little availab...High rainfall in subtropical regions can leach cation elements from ecosystems,which may limit plant growth.Plants often develop efficient resorption patterns to recycle elements,but there is relatively little available information on this topic.In February 2012,a common garden was established in a subtropical forest by planting dominant trees from the area.Green and senescent leaves were sampled from 11 tree species.The concentrations of potassium(K),calcium(Ca),sodium(Na)and magnesium(Mg)were determined,and the resorption efficiencies were calculated.The results showed significant K,Na and Mg resorption in most of the investigated tree species,while Ca mainly displayed accumulation.Evergreen coniferous and evergreen broad-leaved trees(such as Cunninghamia lanceolata,Pinus massoniana,Cinnamomum camphora,and Michelia macclurei)exhibited relatively higher resorption efficiencies of K(39.0%-87.5%)and Na(18.3%-50.2%)than deciduous broad-leaved trees.Higher Mg resorption efficiencies(>50%)were detected in Liriodendron chinense,C.lanceolata and P.massoniana than in other trees.Overall,evergreen coniferous and evergreen broad-leaved trees could show higher cation resorption than deciduous broad-leaved trees.K and Mg resorption efficiencies and Ca accumulation decrease with increasing nutrient concentrations in green leaves.Our results emphasize that nutrient resorption patterns largely depend on elements and plant functions,which provides new insights into the nutrient use strategies of subtropical plants and a reference for the selection of suitable tree species in this region.展开更多
To the Editor:The aim of early pulmonary rehabilitation(PR)in the intensive care unit(ICU)is to reduce the incidence of post-ICU syndrome,increase the number of ventilator-free days,reestablish and improve functional ...To the Editor:The aim of early pulmonary rehabilitation(PR)in the intensive care unit(ICU)is to reduce the incidence of post-ICU syndrome,increase the number of ventilator-free days,reestablish and improve functional capacity,improve health-related life quality,promote mental health,and enhance participation in everyday life.PR in the ICU is highly effective and plays an important role in recovery of patients with reduced exercise endurance,functional capacity,and health-related life quality.Several surveys outside China have assessed the implementation of early rehabilitation in the ICU,[1]but there are few data from China.This study aimed to investigate the awareness and implementation of early PR in secondary-and tertiary-class hospitals with pulmonary and critical care medicine(PCCM)standardized certification.PCCM staff members were recruited to fill out a selfdesigned questionnaire.We defined early PR as PR within 5 days of ICU admission.展开更多
At present,dramatically reduction of fossil fuel usage is regarded as a major initiative to achieve the carbon neutrality goal.Nevertheless,current energy policies are unlikely to achieve the climate goal without sacr...At present,dramatically reduction of fossil fuel usage is regarded as a major initiative to achieve the carbon neutrality goal.Nevertheless,current energy policies are unlikely to achieve the climate goal without sacrificing economic development and people’s livelihood because fossil fuels are currently the dominant energy source.As an environment-friendly manufacturing technology,three-dimensional printing(3DP)is flourishing and is considered beneficial to energy structure adjustment and industrial upgrading.Despite this,its potential to contribute to global carbon neutrality has not attracted enough attention.Herein,we explore the application of 3DP and its potential facilitating carbon neutrality from crucial sectors and applications including manufacturing,construction energy,livestock,and carbon capture and storage(CCS)technologies.The additive manufacturing and decentralized manufacturing characteristics of 3DP allow reducing greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions in manufacturing and construction sectors by optimized and lightweight designs,reduced material and energy consumption,and shortened transport processes.In addition,3DP enables the precise manufacturing of customized complex structures and the expansion of functional materials,which makes 3DP an innovative alternative to the development of novel energy-related devices,cultured meat production technology,and CCS technologies.Despite this,the majority of applications of 3DP are still in an early stage and need further exploration.We call for further research to precisely evaluate the GHG emission reduction potential of 3DP and to make it better involved and deployed to better achieve carbon neutrality.展开更多
To the Editor:Cancer has been recognized as an independent predisposing factor of venous thromboembolism(VTE),including pulmonary embolism(PE)and deep vein thrombosis(DVT).Patients with cancer have a sevenfold increas...To the Editor:Cancer has been recognized as an independent predisposing factor of venous thromboembolism(VTE),including pulmonary embolism(PE)and deep vein thrombosis(DVT).Patients with cancer have a sevenfold increased risk of VTE compared with those without cancer.[1]Evidence from autopsy in cancer patients showed that PE is an important disease complication in patients with cancer.[2]Optimal management of PE patients with cancer has become a major concern that challenges clinicians in daily clinical practice.Understanding the risk factors of all-cause death in PE patients with cancer in the real world may enable optimal management and improve their survival.Therefore,this study was performed to characterize cancerassociated PE and evaluate the clinical predictors of inhospital death based on the data of PE patient population in China.展开更多
Background:China’s terrestrial ecosystems have been receiving increasing amounts of reactive nitrogen(N)over recent decades.External N inputs profoundly change microbially mediated soil carbon(C)dynamics,but how elev...Background:China’s terrestrial ecosystems have been receiving increasing amounts of reactive nitrogen(N)over recent decades.External N inputs profoundly change microbially mediated soil carbon(C)dynamics,but how elevated N affects the soil organic C that is derived from microbial residues is not fully understood.Here,we evaluated the changes in soil microbial necromass C under N addition at 11 forest,grassland,and cropland sites over China’s terrestrial ecosystems through a meta-analysis based on available data from published articles.Results:Microbial necromass C accounted for an average of 49.5%of the total soil organic C across the studied sites,with higher values observed in croplands(53.0%)and lower values in forests(38.6%).Microbial necromass C was significantly increased by 9.5%after N addition,regardless of N forms,with greater stimulation observed for fungal(+11.2%)than bacterial(+4.5%)necromass C.This increase in microbial necromass C under elevated N was greater under longer experimental periods but showed little variation among different N application rates.The stimulation of soil microbial necromass C under elevated N was proportional to the change in soil organic C.Conclusions:The stimulation of microbial residues after biomass turnover is an important pathway for the observed increase in soil organic C under N deposition across China’s terrestrial ecosystems.展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic has become a global public health emergency over last months.As of September 14th,over 28,000,000 confirmed cases and 917,000 deaths have been reported from all over the ...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic has become a global public health emergency over last months.As of September 14th,over 28,000,000 confirmed cases and 917,000 deaths have been reported from all over the world.1 Its large-scale outbreak and pandemic cause an extreme shortage of personal protective equipment(PPE)andmedical supplies such as face masks,testing kits,nasopharyngeal swabs,and medical ventilators in the early stage,which consequently leads to the collapse of local medical systems.2 It turns out that measures like lockdown and travel bans are themost effective strategies in response to an epidemic at an early stage with insufficient knowledge.3 However,those physical isolation measures will inevitably result in work stoppages and have a great impact on industrial production.The supply of raw materials and components,and the production and transportation of final products are greatly restricted under a global supply chain.4 This further aggravates the shortage of anti-epidemic supplies and so the vicious cycle begins.展开更多
基金The study was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 31800521,31800373 and 31922052).Datasets for this research are included in this paper。
文摘High rainfall in subtropical regions can leach cation elements from ecosystems,which may limit plant growth.Plants often develop efficient resorption patterns to recycle elements,but there is relatively little available information on this topic.In February 2012,a common garden was established in a subtropical forest by planting dominant trees from the area.Green and senescent leaves were sampled from 11 tree species.The concentrations of potassium(K),calcium(Ca),sodium(Na)and magnesium(Mg)were determined,and the resorption efficiencies were calculated.The results showed significant K,Na and Mg resorption in most of the investigated tree species,while Ca mainly displayed accumulation.Evergreen coniferous and evergreen broad-leaved trees(such as Cunninghamia lanceolata,Pinus massoniana,Cinnamomum camphora,and Michelia macclurei)exhibited relatively higher resorption efficiencies of K(39.0%-87.5%)and Na(18.3%-50.2%)than deciduous broad-leaved trees.Higher Mg resorption efficiencies(>50%)were detected in Liriodendron chinense,C.lanceolata and P.massoniana than in other trees.Overall,evergreen coniferous and evergreen broad-leaved trees could show higher cation resorption than deciduous broad-leaved trees.K and Mg resorption efficiencies and Ca accumulation decrease with increasing nutrient concentrations in green leaves.Our results emphasize that nutrient resorption patterns largely depend on elements and plant functions,which provides new insights into the nutrient use strategies of subtropical plants and a reference for the selection of suitable tree species in this region.
基金upported by a grant from the Capital Foundation of Medical Development(CN)(No.2020-3-4068).
文摘To the Editor:The aim of early pulmonary rehabilitation(PR)in the intensive care unit(ICU)is to reduce the incidence of post-ICU syndrome,increase the number of ventilator-free days,reestablish and improve functional capacity,improve health-related life quality,promote mental health,and enhance participation in everyday life.PR in the ICU is highly effective and plays an important role in recovery of patients with reduced exercise endurance,functional capacity,and health-related life quality.Several surveys outside China have assessed the implementation of early rehabilitation in the ICU,[1]but there are few data from China.This study aimed to investigate the awareness and implementation of early PR in secondary-and tertiary-class hospitals with pulmonary and critical care medicine(PCCM)standardized certification.PCCM staff members were recruited to fill out a selfdesigned questionnaire.We defined early PR as PR within 5 days of ICU admission.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0907500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22193052 and 22106167)support from Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.RCEES-TDZ-2021-22).
文摘At present,dramatically reduction of fossil fuel usage is regarded as a major initiative to achieve the carbon neutrality goal.Nevertheless,current energy policies are unlikely to achieve the climate goal without sacrificing economic development and people’s livelihood because fossil fuels are currently the dominant energy source.As an environment-friendly manufacturing technology,three-dimensional printing(3DP)is flourishing and is considered beneficial to energy structure adjustment and industrial upgrading.Despite this,its potential to contribute to global carbon neutrality has not attracted enough attention.Herein,we explore the application of 3DP and its potential facilitating carbon neutrality from crucial sectors and applications including manufacturing,construction energy,livestock,and carbon capture and storage(CCS)technologies.The additive manufacturing and decentralized manufacturing characteristics of 3DP allow reducing greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions in manufacturing and construction sectors by optimized and lightweight designs,reduced material and energy consumption,and shortened transport processes.In addition,3DP enables the precise manufacturing of customized complex structures and the expansion of functional materials,which makes 3DP an innovative alternative to the development of novel energy-related devices,cultured meat production technology,and CCS technologies.Despite this,the majority of applications of 3DP are still in an early stage and need further exploration.We call for further research to precisely evaluate the GHG emission reduction potential of 3DP and to make it better involved and deployed to better achieve carbon neutrality.
基金supported by grants from the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Nos.2021-I2M-1-061 and 2021-I2M-1-001)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0905600)
文摘To the Editor:Cancer has been recognized as an independent predisposing factor of venous thromboembolism(VTE),including pulmonary embolism(PE)and deep vein thrombosis(DVT).Patients with cancer have a sevenfold increased risk of VTE compared with those without cancer.[1]Evidence from autopsy in cancer patients showed that PE is an important disease complication in patients with cancer.[2]Optimal management of PE patients with cancer has become a major concern that challenges clinicians in daily clinical practice.Understanding the risk factors of all-cause death in PE patients with cancer in the real world may enable optimal management and improve their survival.Therefore,this study was performed to characterize cancerassociated PE and evaluate the clinical predictors of inhospital death based on the data of PE patient population in China.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31800521,32022056,31800373,and 31922052).
文摘Background:China’s terrestrial ecosystems have been receiving increasing amounts of reactive nitrogen(N)over recent decades.External N inputs profoundly change microbially mediated soil carbon(C)dynamics,but how elevated N affects the soil organic C that is derived from microbial residues is not fully understood.Here,we evaluated the changes in soil microbial necromass C under N addition at 11 forest,grassland,and cropland sites over China’s terrestrial ecosystems through a meta-analysis based on available data from published articles.Results:Microbial necromass C accounted for an average of 49.5%of the total soil organic C across the studied sites,with higher values observed in croplands(53.0%)and lower values in forests(38.6%).Microbial necromass C was significantly increased by 9.5%after N addition,regardless of N forms,with greater stimulation observed for fungal(+11.2%)than bacterial(+4.5%)necromass C.This increase in microbial necromass C under elevated N was greater under longer experimental periods but showed little variation among different N application rates.The stimulation of soil microbial necromass C under elevated N was proportional to the change in soil organic C.Conclusions:The stimulation of microbial residues after biomass turnover is an important pathway for the observed increase in soil organic C under N deposition across China’s terrestrial ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91743203,21825403,and 21677153)The Thousand Talents Plan for Young Professionals,Chinathe support of the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM201811070).
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic has become a global public health emergency over last months.As of September 14th,over 28,000,000 confirmed cases and 917,000 deaths have been reported from all over the world.1 Its large-scale outbreak and pandemic cause an extreme shortage of personal protective equipment(PPE)andmedical supplies such as face masks,testing kits,nasopharyngeal swabs,and medical ventilators in the early stage,which consequently leads to the collapse of local medical systems.2 It turns out that measures like lockdown and travel bans are themost effective strategies in response to an epidemic at an early stage with insufficient knowledge.3 However,those physical isolation measures will inevitably result in work stoppages and have a great impact on industrial production.The supply of raw materials and components,and the production and transportation of final products are greatly restricted under a global supply chain.4 This further aggravates the shortage of anti-epidemic supplies and so the vicious cycle begins.