Over the past several decades, especially through traditional breeding programme, intensive attempts have been made for the improvement of a large number of cereal varieties which adjusted to diverse agro-ecologies. H...Over the past several decades, especially through traditional breeding programme, intensive attempts have been made for the improvement of a large number of cereal varieties which adjusted to diverse agro-ecologies. However, increasing biotic and abiotic stresses, increasing populations, and sharply reducing natural resources especially water for agricultural purposes, push the breeders for organizing and developing improved cereal varieties with higher yield potential. In combination with developments in agricultural technology, plant breeding has made remarkable progress in increasing crop yields for over a century. Molecular markers are widely employed in plant breeding. DNA markers are being used for the acceleration of plant selection through marker-assisted selection (MAS). Genes of agronomic and scientific importance can be isolated especially on the basis of their position on the genetic map by using molecular markers technologies. In this review, the current status of marker development technologies for crop improvements will be discussed. It will also provide an outlook into the future approaches and most widely used applications in plant breeding in crop plants on the basis of present development.展开更多
From the early past to the present, biotechnologies have produced the ability to genetically transform a wide variety of plant species. The plant transformation technologies have changed the face of agriculture and pl...From the early past to the present, biotechnologies have produced the ability to genetically transform a wide variety of plant species. The plant transformation technologies have changed the face of agriculture and plant biology. Plant genetic transformation is one of the key technologies for crop improvement in addition to emerging approach for producing recombinant proteins in plants. Both plastid genomes and plant nuclear can be genetically modified. Until now, essential functional differences between the prokaryotic-like genome of the plastid and the eukaryotic genome of the plant cell nucleus will have an impact on characteristics of transgenic organism. Thus, the main goals are to generate transgenic plants with the traits of interest as well as minimizing the amount of transgenic DNA in plants while maximizing stability of gene expression and trait performance. In this review, two broad groups of gene delivery methods will be discussed namely, (bilogical and physical methods) and subsequently there applications for improving disease resistance will be discussed.展开更多
文摘Over the past several decades, especially through traditional breeding programme, intensive attempts have been made for the improvement of a large number of cereal varieties which adjusted to diverse agro-ecologies. However, increasing biotic and abiotic stresses, increasing populations, and sharply reducing natural resources especially water for agricultural purposes, push the breeders for organizing and developing improved cereal varieties with higher yield potential. In combination with developments in agricultural technology, plant breeding has made remarkable progress in increasing crop yields for over a century. Molecular markers are widely employed in plant breeding. DNA markers are being used for the acceleration of plant selection through marker-assisted selection (MAS). Genes of agronomic and scientific importance can be isolated especially on the basis of their position on the genetic map by using molecular markers technologies. In this review, the current status of marker development technologies for crop improvements will be discussed. It will also provide an outlook into the future approaches and most widely used applications in plant breeding in crop plants on the basis of present development.
文摘From the early past to the present, biotechnologies have produced the ability to genetically transform a wide variety of plant species. The plant transformation technologies have changed the face of agriculture and plant biology. Plant genetic transformation is one of the key technologies for crop improvement in addition to emerging approach for producing recombinant proteins in plants. Both plastid genomes and plant nuclear can be genetically modified. Until now, essential functional differences between the prokaryotic-like genome of the plastid and the eukaryotic genome of the plant cell nucleus will have an impact on characteristics of transgenic organism. Thus, the main goals are to generate transgenic plants with the traits of interest as well as minimizing the amount of transgenic DNA in plants while maximizing stability of gene expression and trait performance. In this review, two broad groups of gene delivery methods will be discussed namely, (bilogical and physical methods) and subsequently there applications for improving disease resistance will be discussed.
