The analysis of the seismicity in central Asia shows its distribution within a “triangle” of maximal inner-continental seismic activity, which is situated between south edge of the Lake Baikal and the Himalayas. The...The analysis of the seismicity in central Asia shows its distribution within a “triangle” of maximal inner-continental seismic activity, which is situated between south edge of the Lake Baikal and the Himalayas. The “triangle” coincides with the central Asian transit zone which divides the north Eurasian and Indian lithosphere plates and provides transfer and relaxation of tectonic stresses that arise between them. The central Asian transit zone consists of numerous crust blocks of different sizes. Blocks’ boundaries are often represented by not only single faults but relatively wide interblock zones characterized by intensive shattering of rocks and releasing a significant quantity of the seismic energy. The most active interblock zones limited the Pamirs, Tien Shan, Shan, and Bayanhar blocks as well as north boundaries of the Indian Plate. The quantity of the seismic energy releasing along each of them reaches ≥ 5?1015 J, while along other boundaries it doesn’t exceed 3?1012-2?1015 J. The majority of the most intensive seismic events took place just in these interblock zones. The total quantity of seismic energy is generally diminished away from the boundary of the Indian Plate, but sometimes the maximal quantity releases in inner parts of the transit zone at the distance 500-1500 km from the plate boundary. The most active interblock zones of central Asia differ from subduction and collision zones by depth of their penetration in lithosphere and at the same time are rather near to them by the volume of energy realizing. The examination of interblock zones shows that the majority of intensives earthquakes occur within them in regions with sharp changes of geodynamic conditions. On the whole the most part of central Asia is situated under the influence of the Indian indenter, which causes the prevailing of transpression tectonics. An abnormal high seismic energy releasing depends of deep continuation of the plate slab in collision zones (Pamirs, Himalayas), intensive displacements along strike-slips and thrusts due to collision processes and deep lithosphere unhomogeneity (Tien Shan, Bayanhar), as well as of sharp changes of geodynamic conditions because of influence of plate movement and supposed mantle plumes (north Mongolia, the Baikal region).展开更多
In east Europe and north Asia the majority of nuclear power-stations (NPS) as well as large hydro-electric (HES) and thermal electric stations (TES) are located within the north Eurasian lithosphere plate, which is ch...In east Europe and north Asia the majority of nuclear power-stations (NPS) as well as large hydro-electric (HES) and thermal electric stations (TES) are located within the north Eurasian lithosphere plate, which is characterized by the low seismicity and weak modern tectonic activity besides the different exogenetic processes. Some operating and projected NPS are relatively near to zones of the moderate seismicity in the Kaliningrad Region of northwest Russia and in south Ukraine. HES and TES in Baltic, Byelorussia and Ukraine are in the same position. Zones of more intensive seismicity and existence of active faults include NPS, HEP and TEP in the Urals, the Kola Peninsula, south Siberia, Transbaikal and Far East regions of Russia. Some of these stations are situated within crust blocks in transit zones, which separate main lithosphere plates and are characterized by increased tectonic mobility. The electric power-stations are most danger in the transit zones between north Eurasian, Arabian and Indian lithosphere plates, where collision processes have yet not stopped. This concerns electric stations in central Asia and Caucasus including NPS in Armenia. Seven schemes of the seismic energy distribution are composed for different parts of east Europe and north Asia. The location of nuclear and main other electric power-stations on them makes it possible to form a correct estimate of negative consequences connected with the up-to-date inner-continental tectonic activity.展开更多
文摘The analysis of the seismicity in central Asia shows its distribution within a “triangle” of maximal inner-continental seismic activity, which is situated between south edge of the Lake Baikal and the Himalayas. The “triangle” coincides with the central Asian transit zone which divides the north Eurasian and Indian lithosphere plates and provides transfer and relaxation of tectonic stresses that arise between them. The central Asian transit zone consists of numerous crust blocks of different sizes. Blocks’ boundaries are often represented by not only single faults but relatively wide interblock zones characterized by intensive shattering of rocks and releasing a significant quantity of the seismic energy. The most active interblock zones limited the Pamirs, Tien Shan, Shan, and Bayanhar blocks as well as north boundaries of the Indian Plate. The quantity of the seismic energy releasing along each of them reaches ≥ 5?1015 J, while along other boundaries it doesn’t exceed 3?1012-2?1015 J. The majority of the most intensive seismic events took place just in these interblock zones. The total quantity of seismic energy is generally diminished away from the boundary of the Indian Plate, but sometimes the maximal quantity releases in inner parts of the transit zone at the distance 500-1500 km from the plate boundary. The most active interblock zones of central Asia differ from subduction and collision zones by depth of their penetration in lithosphere and at the same time are rather near to them by the volume of energy realizing. The examination of interblock zones shows that the majority of intensives earthquakes occur within them in regions with sharp changes of geodynamic conditions. On the whole the most part of central Asia is situated under the influence of the Indian indenter, which causes the prevailing of transpression tectonics. An abnormal high seismic energy releasing depends of deep continuation of the plate slab in collision zones (Pamirs, Himalayas), intensive displacements along strike-slips and thrusts due to collision processes and deep lithosphere unhomogeneity (Tien Shan, Bayanhar), as well as of sharp changes of geodynamic conditions because of influence of plate movement and supposed mantle plumes (north Mongolia, the Baikal region).
文摘In east Europe and north Asia the majority of nuclear power-stations (NPS) as well as large hydro-electric (HES) and thermal electric stations (TES) are located within the north Eurasian lithosphere plate, which is characterized by the low seismicity and weak modern tectonic activity besides the different exogenetic processes. Some operating and projected NPS are relatively near to zones of the moderate seismicity in the Kaliningrad Region of northwest Russia and in south Ukraine. HES and TES in Baltic, Byelorussia and Ukraine are in the same position. Zones of more intensive seismicity and existence of active faults include NPS, HEP and TEP in the Urals, the Kola Peninsula, south Siberia, Transbaikal and Far East regions of Russia. Some of these stations are situated within crust blocks in transit zones, which separate main lithosphere plates and are characterized by increased tectonic mobility. The electric power-stations are most danger in the transit zones between north Eurasian, Arabian and Indian lithosphere plates, where collision processes have yet not stopped. This concerns electric stations in central Asia and Caucasus including NPS in Armenia. Seven schemes of the seismic energy distribution are composed for different parts of east Europe and north Asia. The location of nuclear and main other electric power-stations on them makes it possible to form a correct estimate of negative consequences connected with the up-to-date inner-continental tectonic activity.