This study examined the solid waste generation and recycling potential of the hotel sector in Hue City, Vietnam. The authors conducted waste measurement, waste composition, and questionnaire surveys for 45 target hote...This study examined the solid waste generation and recycling potential of the hotel sector in Hue City, Vietnam. The authors conducted waste measurement, waste composition, and questionnaire surveys for 45 target hotels over ten consecutive days. The waste generation rates (WGRs) by rooms, beds, guests, and workers were assessed by hotel class using the following three waste categories, considering informal waste collection: general waste (GW), separated recyclables (SRe), and separated food residue (SFR). The 5-star hotels exhibited the highest WGR per room at 1.61 kg/room/day, while 1-star hotels exhibited the lowest per-room WGR (0.39 kg/room/day). Spearman Rank correlation test revealed that hotel class and per-room, per-bed, and per-guest WGRs were significantly positively correlated (p < 0.01). The major components of GW were food waste (40.9% to 57.4%), paper (10.1% to 20.3%), and plastic (10.7% to 15.5%). The recycling and composting potentials remaining in the GW were 19.3% to 38.5% and 38.0% to 57.9%, respectively. Based on the WGRs and waste composition determined in this study, the estimated total amount of waste generated was 6.88 tons/day (6.26 to 7.62 tons/day, 95% CI), of which 4.37 (64%), 2.13 (31%), and 0.38 tons/day (6%) were GW, SFR, and SRe, respectively. The recycling and composting potentials remaining in GW were 0.94 (13%) and 2.57 tons/day (37%), respectively. High-class hotels should be considered as the highest priority targets for a “reduce, reuse, recycle” (3R) promotion campaign in the future, with estimated recycling and composting potentials of 0.27 (4%) and 1.10 tons/day (16%), respectively.展开更多
This study was conducted to provide a detailed description of waste generation and characteristics from a traditional market in Hue city, located in central Vietnam. The authors conducted a waste generation survey and...This study was conducted to provide a detailed description of waste generation and characteristics from a traditional market in Hue city, located in central Vietnam. The authors conducted a waste generation survey and a waste composition survey for 309 stalls/vendors in five markets by 17 business categories for 10 consecutive days. The waste generation rates by stall/vendor and by floor area were assessed in three waste categories: general waste, recyclable, and food residues. The general waste that would be sent to a landfill site was classified into 10 physical categories and 77 sub-categories. For general waste, food waste accounted for the largest part, followed by plastic and grass. By multiplying the waste generation rate by stall/vendor by the total number of stall/vendors in 23 markets, the authors estimated the total amounts of general waste, recyclable, food residue and total waste by business category. The total waste generated from market was 17.0 tons/day, of which 4.6 tons (27.1%) were collected by pig farmers for feeding livestock and 0.6 tons (3.6%) were sold to the recycling market. The composting potential accounted for 55.2% of total waste generation from the traditional market in Hue. The recycling potential accounted for 5.1%. The total disposal amount sent to the landfill site would be reduced from 69.2% to 8.8% of the total. The 95% confidence interval (CI) of total waste amount from 23 markets was also estimated using Monte Carlo simulation based on the mean and standard error of the waste generation rate. The range of 95% CI was 14.9 - 18.9 tons/day.展开更多
文摘This study examined the solid waste generation and recycling potential of the hotel sector in Hue City, Vietnam. The authors conducted waste measurement, waste composition, and questionnaire surveys for 45 target hotels over ten consecutive days. The waste generation rates (WGRs) by rooms, beds, guests, and workers were assessed by hotel class using the following three waste categories, considering informal waste collection: general waste (GW), separated recyclables (SRe), and separated food residue (SFR). The 5-star hotels exhibited the highest WGR per room at 1.61 kg/room/day, while 1-star hotels exhibited the lowest per-room WGR (0.39 kg/room/day). Spearman Rank correlation test revealed that hotel class and per-room, per-bed, and per-guest WGRs were significantly positively correlated (p < 0.01). The major components of GW were food waste (40.9% to 57.4%), paper (10.1% to 20.3%), and plastic (10.7% to 15.5%). The recycling and composting potentials remaining in the GW were 19.3% to 38.5% and 38.0% to 57.9%, respectively. Based on the WGRs and waste composition determined in this study, the estimated total amount of waste generated was 6.88 tons/day (6.26 to 7.62 tons/day, 95% CI), of which 4.37 (64%), 2.13 (31%), and 0.38 tons/day (6%) were GW, SFR, and SRe, respectively. The recycling and composting potentials remaining in GW were 0.94 (13%) and 2.57 tons/day (37%), respectively. High-class hotels should be considered as the highest priority targets for a “reduce, reuse, recycle” (3R) promotion campaign in the future, with estimated recycling and composting potentials of 0.27 (4%) and 1.10 tons/day (16%), respectively.
文摘This study was conducted to provide a detailed description of waste generation and characteristics from a traditional market in Hue city, located in central Vietnam. The authors conducted a waste generation survey and a waste composition survey for 309 stalls/vendors in five markets by 17 business categories for 10 consecutive days. The waste generation rates by stall/vendor and by floor area were assessed in three waste categories: general waste, recyclable, and food residues. The general waste that would be sent to a landfill site was classified into 10 physical categories and 77 sub-categories. For general waste, food waste accounted for the largest part, followed by plastic and grass. By multiplying the waste generation rate by stall/vendor by the total number of stall/vendors in 23 markets, the authors estimated the total amounts of general waste, recyclable, food residue and total waste by business category. The total waste generated from market was 17.0 tons/day, of which 4.6 tons (27.1%) were collected by pig farmers for feeding livestock and 0.6 tons (3.6%) were sold to the recycling market. The composting potential accounted for 55.2% of total waste generation from the traditional market in Hue. The recycling potential accounted for 5.1%. The total disposal amount sent to the landfill site would be reduced from 69.2% to 8.8% of the total. The 95% confidence interval (CI) of total waste amount from 23 markets was also estimated using Monte Carlo simulation based on the mean and standard error of the waste generation rate. The range of 95% CI was 14.9 - 18.9 tons/day.
