This study examines the effect of speech level on intelligibility in different reverberation conditions, and explores the potential of loudness-based reverberation parameters proposed by Lee et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am...This study examines the effect of speech level on intelligibility in different reverberation conditions, and explores the potential of loudness-based reverberation parameters proposed by Lee et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 131(2), 1194-1205 (2012)] to explain the effect of speech level on intelligibility in various reverberation conditions. Listening experiments were performed with three speech levels (LAeq of 55 dB, 65 dB and 75 dB) and three reverberation conditions (T20 of 1.0 s, 1.9 s and 4.0 s), and subjects listened to speech stimuli through headphones. Collected subjective data were compared with two conventional speech intelligibility parameters (Speech Intelligibility Index and Speech Transmission Index) and two loudness-based reverberation parameters (EDTN and TN). Results reveal that the effect of speech level on intelligibility changes with a room’s reverberation conditions, and that increased level results in reduced intelligibility in highly reverberant conditions. EDTN and TN explain this finding better than do STI and SII, because they consider many psychoacoustic phenomena important for the modeling of the effect of speech level varying with reverberation.展开更多
In this paper an order relation and a ranking method for type-2 fuzzy values are proposed. In order to compare type-2 fuzzy sets, the concepts of satisfaction function for continuous fuzzy values, h-level type-2 fuzzy...In this paper an order relation and a ranking method for type-2 fuzzy values are proposed. In order to compare type-2 fuzzy sets, the concepts of satisfaction function for continuous fuzzy values, h-level type-2 fuzzy values and strong order relation are introduced. The proposed method is an approach based on the possibility theory, and it generates a ranking sequence with the greatest possibility. Some properties of the proposed method are also analyzed.展开更多
One of the most promising approaches to overcome the cur- rent limits of new drug development is to utilize natural prod- ucts with known empirical efficacy, i.e., reverse pharmacol- ogy [ 1,2]. Natural product-based ...One of the most promising approaches to overcome the cur- rent limits of new drug development is to utilize natural prod- ucts with known empirical efficacy, i.e., reverse pharmacol- ogy [ 1,2]. Natural product-based drugs can be classified into two categories, natural product-derived compounds （NPC） and natural product extracts （NPE）. NPC means pure com- pounds derived from natural products. Aspirin from willow trees and Taxol from pacific yew trees are famous examples of the NPC drugs.展开更多
文摘This study examines the effect of speech level on intelligibility in different reverberation conditions, and explores the potential of loudness-based reverberation parameters proposed by Lee et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 131(2), 1194-1205 (2012)] to explain the effect of speech level on intelligibility in various reverberation conditions. Listening experiments were performed with three speech levels (LAeq of 55 dB, 65 dB and 75 dB) and three reverberation conditions (T20 of 1.0 s, 1.9 s and 4.0 s), and subjects listened to speech stimuli through headphones. Collected subjective data were compared with two conventional speech intelligibility parameters (Speech Intelligibility Index and Speech Transmission Index) and two loudness-based reverberation parameters (EDTN and TN). Results reveal that the effect of speech level on intelligibility changes with a room’s reverberation conditions, and that increased level results in reduced intelligibility in highly reverberant conditions. EDTN and TN explain this finding better than do STI and SII, because they consider many psychoacoustic phenomena important for the modeling of the effect of speech level varying with reverberation.
基金Supported by the Korea Science and EngineeringFoundation ( KOSEF) Through the AdvancedInformation Technology Research Center( AITrc)
文摘In this paper an order relation and a ranking method for type-2 fuzzy values are proposed. In order to compare type-2 fuzzy sets, the concepts of satisfaction function for continuous fuzzy values, h-level type-2 fuzzy values and strong order relation are introduced. The proposed method is an approach based on the possibility theory, and it generates a ranking sequence with the greatest possibility. Some properties of the proposed method are also analyzed.
文摘One of the most promising approaches to overcome the cur- rent limits of new drug development is to utilize natural prod- ucts with known empirical efficacy, i.e., reverse pharmacol- ogy [ 1,2]. Natural product-based drugs can be classified into two categories, natural product-derived compounds （NPC） and natural product extracts （NPE）. NPC means pure com- pounds derived from natural products. Aspirin from willow trees and Taxol from pacific yew trees are famous examples of the NPC drugs.
