The growth of COVID-19 pandemic throughout more than 213 countries around the world have put a lot of pressures on governments and health services to try to stop the rapid expansion of the pandemic.During 2009,H1N1 In...The growth of COVID-19 pandemic throughout more than 213 countries around the world have put a lot of pressures on governments and health services to try to stop the rapid expansion of the pandemic.During 2009,H1N1 Influenza pandemic,statistical and mathematical methods were used to track how the virus spreads around countries.Most of these models that were developed at the beginning of the XXI century are based on the classical susceptible-infected-recovered(SIR)model developed almost a hundred years ago.The evolution of this model allows us to forecast and compute basic and effective reproduction numbers(R_(t) and R_(0)),measures that quantify the epidemic potential of a pathogen and estimates different scenarios.In this study,we present a traditional estimation technique for R_(0) with statistical distributions by best fitting and a Bayesian approach based on continuous feed of prior distributions to obtain posterior distributions and computing real time R_(t).We use data from COVID-19 officially reported cases in Ecuador since the first confirmed case on February 29th.Because of the lack of data,in the case of R_(0) we compare two methods for the estimation of these parameters below exponential growth and maximum likelihood estimation.We do not make any assumption about the evolution of cases due to limited information and we use previous methods to compare scenarios about R_(0) and in the case of R_(t) we used Bayesian inference to model uncertainty in contagious proposing a new modification to the well-known model of Bettencourt and Ribeiro based on a time window of m days to improve estimations.Ecuadorian R_(0) with exponential growth criteria was 3.45 and with the maximum likelihood estimation method was 2.93.The results show that Guayas,Pichincha and Manabíwere the provinces with the highest number of cases due to COVID-19.Some reasons explain the increased transmissibility in these localities:massive events,population density,cities dispersion patterns,and the delayed time of public health actions to contain pandemic.In conclusion,this is a novel approach that allow us to measure infection dynamics and outbreak distribution when not enough detailed data is available.The use of this model can be used to predict pandemic distribution and to implement data-based effective measures.展开更多
基金The author(s)disclosed receipt the financial support for the research and publication of this article from Universidad de Las Americas through their annual general research projects funds.
文摘The growth of COVID-19 pandemic throughout more than 213 countries around the world have put a lot of pressures on governments and health services to try to stop the rapid expansion of the pandemic.During 2009,H1N1 Influenza pandemic,statistical and mathematical methods were used to track how the virus spreads around countries.Most of these models that were developed at the beginning of the XXI century are based on the classical susceptible-infected-recovered(SIR)model developed almost a hundred years ago.The evolution of this model allows us to forecast and compute basic and effective reproduction numbers(R_(t) and R_(0)),measures that quantify the epidemic potential of a pathogen and estimates different scenarios.In this study,we present a traditional estimation technique for R_(0) with statistical distributions by best fitting and a Bayesian approach based on continuous feed of prior distributions to obtain posterior distributions and computing real time R_(t).We use data from COVID-19 officially reported cases in Ecuador since the first confirmed case on February 29th.Because of the lack of data,in the case of R_(0) we compare two methods for the estimation of these parameters below exponential growth and maximum likelihood estimation.We do not make any assumption about the evolution of cases due to limited information and we use previous methods to compare scenarios about R_(0) and in the case of R_(t) we used Bayesian inference to model uncertainty in contagious proposing a new modification to the well-known model of Bettencourt and Ribeiro based on a time window of m days to improve estimations.Ecuadorian R_(0) with exponential growth criteria was 3.45 and with the maximum likelihood estimation method was 2.93.The results show that Guayas,Pichincha and Manabíwere the provinces with the highest number of cases due to COVID-19.Some reasons explain the increased transmissibility in these localities:massive events,population density,cities dispersion patterns,and the delayed time of public health actions to contain pandemic.In conclusion,this is a novel approach that allow us to measure infection dynamics and outbreak distribution when not enough detailed data is available.The use of this model can be used to predict pandemic distribution and to implement data-based effective measures.
