Vaccination by inactivated vaccine is an effective strategy to prevent the COVID-19pandemic.However,the detailed molecular immune response at single-cell level is poorly un-derstood.In this study,we systematically del...Vaccination by inactivated vaccine is an effective strategy to prevent the COVID-19pandemic.However,the detailed molecular immune response at single-cell level is poorly un-derstood.In this study,we systematically delineated the landscape of the pre-and post-vaccination single-cell transcriptome,TCR(T cell antigen receptor)and BCR(B cell antigen re-ceptor)expression profile of vaccinated candidates.The bulk TCR sequencing analysis of COV-ID-19 patients was also performed.Enrichment of a clonal CD8+T cell cluster expressingspecific TCR was identified in both vaccination candidates and COVID-19 patients.These clonalCD8+T cells showed high expression of cytotoxicity,phagosome and antigen presentationrelated genes.The cellecell interaction analysis revealed that monocytes and dendritic cellscould interact with these cells and initiate phagocytosis via ICAM1-ITGAM and ITGB2 signaling.Together,our study systematically deciphered the detailed immunological response duringSARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection.It may facilitate understanding the immune responseand the T-cell therapy against COVID-19.展开更多
Proteins are one of the major classes of biomolecules that execute biological functions for maintenance of life.Various kinds of nanostructures self-assembled from proteins have been created in nature over millions of...Proteins are one of the major classes of biomolecules that execute biological functions for maintenance of life.Various kinds of nanostructures self-assembled from proteins have been created in nature over millions of years of evolution,including protein nanowires,layers and nanocages.These protein nanostructures can be reconstructed and equipped with desired new functions.Learning from and manipulating the self-assembly of protein nanostructures not only help to deepen our understanding of the nature of life but also offer new routes to fabricate novel nanomaterials for diverse applications.This review summarizes the recent research progress in this field,focusing on the characteristics,functionalization strategies,and applications of protein nanostructures.展开更多
Understanding the persistence of antibody in convalescent COVID-19 patients may help to answer the current major concerns such as the risk of reinfection,the protection period of vaccination and the possibility of bui...Understanding the persistence of antibody in convalescent COVID-19 patients may help to answer the current major concerns such as the risk of reinfection,the protection period of vaccination and the possibility of building an active herd immunity.This retrospective cohort study included 172 COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in Wuhan.A total of404 serum samples were obtained over six months from hospitalization to convalescence.Antibodies in the specimens were quantitatively analyzed by the capture chemiluminescence immunoassays(CLIA).All patients were positive for the anti-SARS-Co V-2 Ig M/Ig G at the onset of COVID-19 symptoms,and the Ig G antibody persisted in all the patients during the convalescence.However,only approximately 25%of patients can detect the Ig M antibodies,Ig M against N protein(NIg M)and receptor binding domain of S protein(RBD-Ig M)at the 27 th week.The titers of Ig M,N-Ig M and RBD-Ig M reduced to 16.7%,17.6%and 15.2%of their peak values respectively.In contrast,the titers of Ig G,N-Ig G and RBD-Ig G peaked at 4–5 th week and reduced to 85.9%,62.6%and 87.2%of their peak values respectively at the end of observation.Dynamic behavior of antibodies and their correlation in age,gender and severity groups were investigated.In general,the COVID-19 antibody was sustained at high levels for over six months in most of the convalescent patients.Only a few patients with antibody reducing to an undetectable level which needs further attention.The humoral immune response against SARS-Co V-2 infection in COVID-19 patients exhibits a typical dynamic of acquired immunity.展开更多
Gut microbiota composition is suggested to associate with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)severity,but the impact of gut microbiota on health outcomes is largely unclear.We recruited 81 individuals from Wuhan,China,...Gut microbiota composition is suggested to associate with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)severity,but the impact of gut microbiota on health outcomes is largely unclear.We recruited 81 individuals from Wuhan,China,including 13 asymptomatic infection cases(Group A),24 COVID-19 convalescents with adverse outcomes(Group C),31 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)re-positive cases(Group D),and 13 non-COVID-19 healthy controls(Group H).The microbial features of Groups A and D were similar and exhibited higher gut microbial diversity and more abundant short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing species than Group C.Group C was enriched with opportunistic pathogens and virulence factors related to adhesion and toxin production.The abundance of SCFA-producing species was negatively correlated,while Escherichia coli was positively correlated with adverse outcomes.All three groups(A,C,and D)were enriched with the mucusdegrading species Akkermansia muciniphila,but decreased with Bacteroides-encoded carbohydrate-active enzymes.The pathways of vitamin B6 metabolic and folate biosynthesis were decreased,while selenocompound metabolism was increased in the three groups.Specifically,the secondary bile acid(BA)metabolic pathway was enriched in Group A.Antibiotic resistance genes were common among the three groups.Conclusively,the gut microbiota was related to the health outcomes of COVID-19.Dietary supplementations(SCFAs,BA,selenium,folate,vitamin B6)may be beneficial to COVID-19 patients.展开更多
Dear Editor,The world is facing an immense challenge in the fight against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2)(Gorbalenya et al.2020).To da...Dear Editor,The world is facing an immense challenge in the fight against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2)(Gorbalenya et al.2020).To date,tens of millions of people worldwide have been infected with SARS-Co V-2,and more than a million have died,and the situation continues.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31941014 to G.C)the Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B020211003 to G.C.)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2662018PY025 to G.C.).
文摘Vaccination by inactivated vaccine is an effective strategy to prevent the COVID-19pandemic.However,the detailed molecular immune response at single-cell level is poorly un-derstood.In this study,we systematically delineated the landscape of the pre-and post-vaccination single-cell transcriptome,TCR(T cell antigen receptor)and BCR(B cell antigen re-ceptor)expression profile of vaccinated candidates.The bulk TCR sequencing analysis of COV-ID-19 patients was also performed.Enrichment of a clonal CD8+T cell cluster expressingspecific TCR was identified in both vaccination candidates and COVID-19 patients.These clonalCD8+T cells showed high expression of cytotoxicity,phagosome and antigen presentationrelated genes.The cellecell interaction analysis revealed that monocytes and dendritic cellscould interact with these cells and initiate phagocytosis via ICAM1-ITGAM and ITGB2 signaling.Together,our study systematically deciphered the detailed immunological response duringSARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection.It may facilitate understanding the immune responseand the T-cell therapy against COVID-19.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21890743,31771103,and 91527302)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0205503)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(XDB29050100)CAS Emergency Project of ASF Research(KJZD-SWL06 and KJZD-SWL07)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2014308)Wuhan Huanghe Talents Program of Science and Technology。
文摘Proteins are one of the major classes of biomolecules that execute biological functions for maintenance of life.Various kinds of nanostructures self-assembled from proteins have been created in nature over millions of years of evolution,including protein nanowires,layers and nanocages.These protein nanostructures can be reconstructed and equipped with desired new functions.Learning from and manipulating the self-assembly of protein nanostructures not only help to deepen our understanding of the nature of life but also offer new routes to fabricate novel nanomaterials for diverse applications.This review summarizes the recent research progress in this field,focusing on the characteristics,functionalization strategies,and applications of protein nanostructures.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFC0861100 and 2020YFC0000)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB29050100)+2 种基金the Key Technology Development Program of Shenzhen(Grant No.JSGG20200225153042494)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(Grant No.2014308)the Interdisciplinary Innovation Team of CAS。
文摘Understanding the persistence of antibody in convalescent COVID-19 patients may help to answer the current major concerns such as the risk of reinfection,the protection period of vaccination and the possibility of building an active herd immunity.This retrospective cohort study included 172 COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in Wuhan.A total of404 serum samples were obtained over six months from hospitalization to convalescence.Antibodies in the specimens were quantitatively analyzed by the capture chemiluminescence immunoassays(CLIA).All patients were positive for the anti-SARS-Co V-2 Ig M/Ig G at the onset of COVID-19 symptoms,and the Ig G antibody persisted in all the patients during the convalescence.However,only approximately 25%of patients can detect the Ig M antibodies,Ig M against N protein(NIg M)and receptor binding domain of S protein(RBD-Ig M)at the 27 th week.The titers of Ig M,N-Ig M and RBD-Ig M reduced to 16.7%,17.6%and 15.2%of their peak values respectively.In contrast,the titers of Ig G,N-Ig G and RBD-Ig G peaked at 4–5 th week and reduced to 85.9%,62.6%and 87.2%of their peak values respectively at the end of observation.Dynamic behavior of antibodies and their correlation in age,gender and severity groups were investigated.In general,the COVID-19 antibody was sustained at high levels for over six months in most of the convalescent patients.Only a few patients with antibody reducing to an undetectable level which needs further attention.The humoral immune response against SARS-Co V-2 infection in COVID-19 patients exhibits a typical dynamic of acquired immunity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant Nos.2020YFC0861100 and 2020YFC0845000)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB29050100)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Fund of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hubei Health Commission(Grant No.ZY2021M035)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS.
文摘Gut microbiota composition is suggested to associate with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)severity,but the impact of gut microbiota on health outcomes is largely unclear.We recruited 81 individuals from Wuhan,China,including 13 asymptomatic infection cases(Group A),24 COVID-19 convalescents with adverse outcomes(Group C),31 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)re-positive cases(Group D),and 13 non-COVID-19 healthy controls(Group H).The microbial features of Groups A and D were similar and exhibited higher gut microbial diversity and more abundant short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing species than Group C.Group C was enriched with opportunistic pathogens and virulence factors related to adhesion and toxin production.The abundance of SCFA-producing species was negatively correlated,while Escherichia coli was positively correlated with adverse outcomes.All three groups(A,C,and D)were enriched with the mucusdegrading species Akkermansia muciniphila,but decreased with Bacteroides-encoded carbohydrate-active enzymes.The pathways of vitamin B6 metabolic and folate biosynthesis were decreased,while selenocompound metabolism was increased in the three groups.Specifically,the secondary bile acid(BA)metabolic pathway was enriched in Group A.Antibiotic resistance genes were common among the three groups.Conclusively,the gut microbiota was related to the health outcomes of COVID-19.Dietary supplementations(SCFAs,BA,selenium,folate,vitamin B6)may be beneficial to COVID-19 patients.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFC0861100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82002744)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB29050100)the Scientific Research Fund of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hubei Health Commission(Grant No.ZY2021M035)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(Grant No.2014308)the Interdisciplinary Innovation Team of CAS。
文摘Dear Editor,The world is facing an immense challenge in the fight against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2)(Gorbalenya et al.2020).To date,tens of millions of people worldwide have been infected with SARS-Co V-2,and more than a million have died,and the situation continues.
