复合微生态制剂对牛粪有机肥堆肥效果的影响研究

为了研究复合微生态制剂不同添加剂量对牛粪有机肥堆肥效果的影响,试验设计4个堆肥处理组(对照组、复合微生态制剂Ⅰ组、复合微生态制剂Ⅱ组、复合微生态制剂Ⅲ组),分别在牛粪有机肥堆肥原料添加0%、0.05%、0.1%、0.2%的复合微生态制剂。结果显示:4个处理组高温阶段维持时间分别为10 d、11 d、12 d、12 d,4个处理组的堆体内pH均在堆肥后9 d达到峰值,复合微生态制剂Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组在堆肥后9 d的含水率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),复合微生态制剂Ⅲ组在堆肥后9 d的C/N值显著低于对照组(P<0.05),复合微生态制剂Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组在堆肥后13 d的种子发芽指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),复合微生态制剂Ⅲ组在堆肥后17 d的种子发芽指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。表明复合微生态制剂能够提高牛粪有机肥的堆肥效果,以0.2%添加剂量的作用效果最为显著。

不同施肥处理对当归酚类化合物含量的影响

目的利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定当归中9个酚类化合物,评价不同施肥处理的当归中酚类化合物含量的差异。方法以甲醇和0.5%乙酸水溶液为流动相,在检测波长282 nm、流速0.8 mL·min^(-1)、进样体积10μL、柱温30℃条件下,采用Symmetry C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱和二级阵列管检测器(DAD),对不同施肥处理下当归中9个酚类化合物含量进行分离检测,并进行主成分分析(PCA)。结果当归中9个酚类化合物在20 min内得到有效分离,0.625~40μg·mL^(-1)线性范围内相关系数(r)均大于0.9995,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.79%~7.69%,检出限为0.02~0.41μg·mL^(-1),定量限为0.06~1.35μg·mL^(-1),回收率为86.20%~103.60%。PCA分析显示,不同施肥处理下当归3个主成分累积贡献率达到85.72%,生物菌肥2250 kg·ha^(-1)+有机肥6000 kg·ha^(-1)(T3处理)可显著增加当归酚类化合物积累量。结论该检测方法检出限低、灵敏度高,可同时测定当归中9个酚类化合物;T3处理可显著增加当归酚类化合物的积累。该研究结果将为当归生态种植提供理论依据和技术参考。

可高效降解甜高粱秸秆产糖的纤维素酶研究

为评价实验室自制的纤维素酶对甜高粱秸秆纤维素的降解效果,以5种不同发酵工艺所产的5组纤维素酶和商品纤维素酶为研究对象,通过对各纤维素酶的滤纸酶活、分解微晶纤维素所产的还原糖量及对甜高粱秸秆中纤维素转化率的检测可知,在5组自制的纤维素酶中,纤维素酶Ⅱ的滤纸酶活最高(1 364.84 U/m L),但纤维素酶Ⅴ对微晶纤维素的分解能力最强,并在50℃,48 h时其对甜高粱秸秆纤维素的转化率最高,达到11.69%,表明纤维素酶Ⅴ可高效分解甜高粱生物质材料转化成可发酵的糖,在发酵生物乙醇和高附加值的化工产品方面极具潜力。

甜高粱青贮饲料中乳酸菌最佳添加剂量的探讨

研究自制复合乳酸菌制剂对甜高粱秸秆青贮品质的影响,以探讨自制复合乳酸菌制剂对甜高粱秸秆青贮的最佳添加剂量。以甜高粱秸秆为材料,分别接种0.5mL/kg、1.0mL/kg、1.5mL/kg、2.0mL/kg、2.5mL/kg的自制菌剂和一定比例的中国台湾、美国商品青贮菌剂,并以不加菌剂为空白对照(CK)进行青贮,青贮后检测分析评价。添加自制菌剂后,乳酸含量明显提高(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维含量显著降低(P<0.05),氨基酸态氮/总氮含量下降。添加量为1.5mL/kg时,乳酸含量最高,较对照高了177.15%,较美国、中国台湾分别高出29.90%、31.18%;粗蛋白含量最高,比对照高了25.61%,比美国、中国台湾分别高出13.51%、8.91%;同时,1.5mL/kg处理组总糖含量较美国、中国台湾高出14.01%、6.81%。经综合评价,自制乳酸菌剂可提高甜高梁青贮发酵品质,最佳添加量为1.5mL/kg。

Effects of Metal Ions on the Activity of Cellulase Enzyme Produced by Trichoderma longibrachiatum

Cellulase,widely used in alcohol fermentation,animal feed,starch processing,pulp and paper,textile,and brewing industries,is an important enzyme that is mainly produced by the filamentous fungi(such as Trichoderma longibrachiatum)[1].

Optimum Dosage of Lactobacillus in Sweet Sorghum Silage

The addition of lactic acid bacteria can increase the number of early lactic acid bacteria in silage,rapidly reduce pH,inhibit the growth and reproduction of mold and other bacteria,and improve the fermentation quality of silage[1].The lactobacillus inoculants developed by our research group has a good silage effect on sweet sorghum straw.However,there are some shortcomings,such as large addition and high production cost.The study is to explore the optimum dosage of the sweet sorghum silage inoculants.This study based on the sweet sorghum straw with different addition of Sweet sorghum silage inoculants,as well as Taiwan,the United States commercial silage inoculants and no silage inoculants were added as control(CK),after silage,pH,sensory,composition and fermentation quality and comprehensive score of sweet sorghumsilage quality were conducted.

Research Progress on Silage Microbial Inoculum of Sweet Sorghum

Sweet sorghum has the advantages of water saving,high biomass,high temperature tolerance,salt and alkali tolerance.It is suitable for planting as high quality feed in arid,semi-arid and high salinity areas[1].Lactic acid bacteria can use high content of water-soluble carbohydrates in sweet sorghum to grow rapidly,improve its adaptability as ruminant silage,and better preserve the nutrients of silage[2].Cellulase can degrade the high content of cellulose in sweet sorghum silage and improve its palatability and digestibility.At present,there is no special silage inoculum of sweet sorghum in the market.

Components Analysis of Cellulases

It was reported that cellulases are enzymatic complexity system which includes exo-β-1,4-glucanases(EC 3.2.1.91),endo-β-1,4-glucanases(EC3.2.1.4)and β-1,4-glucosidase(EC 3.2.1.21)[1],can degrade insoluble celluloses into glucoses by hydrolyse β-1-4 glycosidic bonds of cellulose polymer.The complete hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose requires the synergetic cooperation at least cellobiohydrolase(exoglucanase),endoglucanase and β-Glucosidase[2].Biomass is considered the renewable potentially energy source solve the energy needs of modern society for the industrialized production with fossil fuels overusing[3],biomass contains cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin and small amounts of other organics.Cellulases is playing the increasingly critical role in hydrolyzing lignocellulose into fermentable sugar to release the power of biomass,thus the high active cellulases preparations and the hydrolysis of mechanism of cellulases have been raised widespread attention.

4-43 Effect of Aeration Rate on the Cellulase Production of Aspergillus niger and Mixed Fermentation with Trichoderma reesei

In recent years,growing attention has been devoted to maximize the yield for the cellulase production in a bioreactor depending on the specific process.However,there are many factors that affected the fermentation performance and cellulase production,such as aeration rate,agitation speed,pH value,temperature[1].The aeration rate is a key factor for mycelia growth and enzyme production,due to aeration rate conditions influence mass transfer by affecting the bubble size,air hold up and turbulance within the vessel as well as biomass production[2],and provides air flow,oxygen transfer,and removal of generated carbon dioxide under submerged fermentation.Therefore,aeration rate optimization plays a crucial role in cellulase production.

辐照前处理木质纤维素的研究进展

本文对几种主要的辐照前处理木质纤维素方法的效果和特点进行较为全面的比较和总结,旨在阐述微波、紫外线、γ射线、X射线、电子束、离子束等方式辐照前处理木质纤维素对其结构改变的机理尤其重点探讨了重离子辐照前处理引起木质纤维素同质异形体(Iα→Iβ)的转换机制。木质纤维素结晶度与酶消化率呈强相关性,重离子辐照前处理可使木质纤维素中木质素和半纤维素部分破坏,导致其相对结晶度增加,从而增强了纤维素酶与木质纤维素的可及度,提高了酶解产率。因而,通过适当剂量的重离子辐照前处理可以显著提高酶对木质纤维素的生物转化效率和还原糖的产量,这为辐照前处理提高木质纤维素的综合利用提供了理论指导。