分形视角下城市非规则道路网近百年演化过程研究

城市道路网在不同时期具有独特的网络结构,然而在近百年历程中如何演变,其过程并不清晰。研究以城市非规则道路网为例,通过历史资料整理提取了南京市鼓楼片区1900年来4个时期道路网,运用分形理论量化表达道路网覆盖均匀度和发育复杂度。结果表明:鼓楼片区非规则路网是由贯通性主干路牵引形成的;其路网相对稀疏,依然有更新和改进的空间;路网覆盖度和连通度近年来趋于平缓,城市应重视干道的功能拓展和“大院制”支路的打通。通过文献史料分析,解释了不同阶段规划思想、社会变革等因素对道路网演变起到的作用,认为历史古城道路网的更新保护应重视起牵引作用的骨架干道,同时重视非机动车和行人的需求,提升其可达性。

Rising trends of global precipitable water vapor and its correlation with flood frequency

Using 4 global reanalysis data sets, significant upward trends of precipitable water vapor(PWV) were found in the 3 time periods of 1958-2020, 1979-2020, and 2000-2020. During 1958-2020, the global PWV trends obtained using the ERA5 and JRA55 data sets are 0.19 ± 0.01 mm per decade(1.15 ± 0.31%)and 0.23 ± 0.01 mm per decade(1.45 ± 0.32%), respectively. The PWV trends obtained using the ERA5,JRA55, NCEP-NCAR, and NCEP-DOE data sets are 0.22 ± 0.01 mm per decade(1.18 ± 0.54%),0.21 ± 0.00 mm per decade(1.76 ± 0.56%), 0.27 ± 0.01 mm per decade(2.20 ± 0.70%) and 0.28 ± 0.01 mm per decade(2.19 ± 0.70%) for the period 1979-2020. During 2000-2020, the PWV trends obtained using ERA5, JRA55, NCEP-DOE, and NCEP-NCAR data sets are 0.40 ± 0.25 mm per decade(2.66 ± 1.51%),0.37 ± 0.24 mm per decade(2.19 ± 1.54%), 0.40 ± 0.26 mm per decade(1.96 ± 1.53%) and 0.36 ± 0.25 mm per decade(2.47 ± 1.72%), respectively. Rising PWV has a positive impact on changes in precipitation,increasing the probability of extreme precipitation and then changing the frequency of flood disasters.Therefore, exploring the relationship between PWV(derived from ERA5 and JRA55) change and flood disaster frequency from 1958 to 2020 revealed a significant positive correlation between them, with correlation coefficients of 0.68 and 0.79, respectively, which explains the effect of climate change on the increase in flood disaster frequency to a certain extent. The study can provide a reference for assessing the evolution of flood disasters and predicting their frequency trends.

大型医院交通集散空间布局规划及优化研究

近年来医院发展朝着大型化和综合化形式迈进,同时也带来了一系列交通问题。本文就医院外部集散空间布局形式进行研究并改进,以缓解大型医院外部的交通拥堵混乱问题。通过分析大型医院外部空间的使用需求,重新界定了医院交通集散空间的范围与功能;结合其空间流线需求与建筑广场、城市道路设计理论,分析了医院集散空间的交通特征与规划要点;最后提出了各功能区布局原则,并从医院内外临时停车、交通设施布置、道路功能划分等方面阐明了医院交通集散空间的规划方法。针对不同形式医院的布局,分别设置了复合立体型、平面广场型和用地紧缺性三种形式,为城市规划设计者提供参考。

基于交通枢纽理念的大型医院交通空间解析与重构

针对我国大型医院普遍存在的停车困难、交通拥堵混乱等交通痛点问题,从规划理念和医院交通需求本源角度开展研究。通过剖析医院的交通需求、空间特征以及大院制用地背景,论证了传统平面布局难以适应当前医院交通组织需求。根据医院交通流线特征,提出将医院集散空间外推的观点,在医院建筑与周边道路构建过渡界面和缓冲区实现交通方式的过渡与转换。同时从交通枢纽规划角度分析了医院枢纽化规划的基本原则和方法,采用将外部交通矛盾内移和立体交通接入解决复杂流线问题,通过实际案例介绍了步行者立体交通设施、立体停车系统、立体公共交通站点设置方法。

Comparison of the conventional tube and erythrocyte-magnetized technology in titration of red blood cell alloantibodies

BACKGROUND Erythrocyte alloantibodies are mainly produced after immune stimulation,such as blood transfusion,pregnancy,and transplantation,and are the leading causes of severe hemolytic transfusion reactions and difficulty in blood grouping and matching.Therefore,antibody screening is critical to prevent and improve red cell alloantibodies.Routine tube assay is the primary detection method of antibody screening.Recently,erythrocyte-magnetized technology(EMT)has been increasingly used in clinical practice.This study intends to probe the application and efficacy of the conventional tube and EMT in red blood cell alloantibody titration to provide a reference for clinical blood transfusion.AIM To investigate the application value of conventional tube and EMT in red blood cell alloantibody titration and enhance the safety of blood transfusion practice.METHODS A total of 1298 blood samples were harvested from blood donors at the Department of Blood Transfusion of our hospital from March 2021 to December 2022.A 5 mL blood sample was collected in tubing,which was then cut,and the whole blood was put into a test tube for centrifugation to separate the serum.Different red blood cell blood group antibody titers were simultaneously detected using the tube polybrene test,tube antiglobulin test(AGT),and EMT screening irregular antibody methods to determine the best test method.RESULTS Simultaneous detection was performed through the tube polybrene test,tube AGT and EMT screening irregular antibodies.It was discovered that the EMT screening irregular antibody method could detect all immunoglobulin G(IgG)and immunoglobulin M(IgM)irregular antibodies,and the results of manual tube AGT were satisfactory,but the operation time was lengthy,and the equipment had a large footprint.The EMT screening irregular antibody assay was also conducted to determine its activity against type O Rh(D)red blood cells,and the outcomes were satisfactory.Furthermore,compared to the conventional tube method,the EMT screening irregular antibody method was more cost-effective and had significantly higher detection efficiency.CONCLUSION With a higher detection rate,the EMT screening irregular antibody method can detect both IgG and IgM irregular antibodies faster and more effectively than the conventional tube method.

超深井安全提速提产地质工程一体化关键技术

塔里木盆地库车坳陷白垩系砂岩气藏效益开发面临着超深、高温、高压、高应力等挑战,亟待解决巨厚高抗钻砾石层和复合盐层的钻井安全提速,以及极低的基质孔隙度和渗透率储层的改造提高产量这两大难题。为此,以库车坳陷克拉苏构造带西部的博孜3号构造为例,在系统梳理钻完井工程问题与地质因素之间的关联性基础上,建立了相应的地质和地质力学三维模型,形成了超深井安全提速提产地质工程一体化关键技术。研究结果表明:①钻前为保证储层钻遇、安全提速和完井提高产量来确定井位、井型和井轨道;②以盐岩、砾岩、断层等特殊地质体的描述,地层可钻性评价,异常高压预测、井壁稳定性和漏失压力预测的结果,确定井身结构、钻头与提速工具及钻井液设计;③随钻过程中,根据实钻信息及时修正地质力学模型,实时更新钻井“三压力”数据,支持钻井参数动态调整;④建立了包括储层基质、裂缝、地应力、岩石力学属性等多因素综合的可压裂性预测方法,模拟人工裂缝与天然裂缝交互的压裂网络,优化储层改造方案。通过现场实践,平均钻井复杂率由原来的8%降低至4.6%,气井天然气无阻流量提高3~10倍,所形成的提产提速地质工程一体化关键技术为超深层油气资源的开发积累了技术方法和实践经验。

分散式山地医院建筑交通组织与设计研究--以内江市第二人民医院改扩建工程为例

医院建筑群在交通组织方面具有较大难度,而处于山地地形条件下的医院交通组织受到空间和地质条件限制更加复杂。本文在总结分散式山地医院建筑建筑群常见交通组织与设计问题基础上,从建筑功能布局、道路坡度与安全、内外交通衔接、内部流线组织、停车布局等方面分析了规划设计方法。推荐采用诸如建筑之间连廊、建筑外自动扶梯、机动车螺旋坡道等克服地形高差影响,并运用小规模、分散式地下停车方案克服地形地质困难。最后以内江市第二人民医院改扩建方案为例,阐明了设计理念。

高分辨磁共振血管壁成像对缺血性卒中CISS病因分型的临床意义

目的通过高分辨磁共振血管壁成像(HR-MRI VWI)技术分析颅内血管病变,评价HR-MRI VWI在缺血性脑卒中CISS分型的作用,从而为缺血性卒中的精准治疗提供依据。方法收集住院的急性缺血性卒中患者153例为研究对象,收集患者的一般资料,依据既往病史、症状、体征、NIHSS评分、实验室检查及常规影像学检查资料对患者行初步CISS分型,所有患者完善HR-MRI VWI检查后再次行CISS分型,对比分析HR-MRI VWI检查前后CISS分型结果。结果HR-MRI VWI检查前各分型检出率:大动脉粥样硬化型为68例(44.44%),穿支动脉病变型61例(39.87%),其他病因型2例(1.31%),不明原因型22例(14.38%);HR-MRI VWI检查后各分型检出率:大动脉粥样硬化型121例(79.08%),穿支动脉病变型22例(14.38%),其他病因型6例(3.92%),不明原因型4例(2.61%)。HR-MRI VWI检查前后CISS分型率的比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HR-MRI VWI对颅内动脉病变具有较高的识别度,有助于准确进行CISS分型,可为缺血性脑卒中的规范化治疗提供依据。

A New Brachyceran Family Origoasilidae Fam.Nov.from the Late Mesozoic of China(Insecta:Diptera)

Lower brachyceran flies are abundant in the Late Mesozoic of China.Many extant and extinct members of that have been found in Inner Mongolia,Liaoning,Hebei and Shandong provinces. A new family,Origoasilidae fam.nov.,belonging to the lower Brachycera,is built based on a new specimen from the Yixian Formation and is a representative of the Jehol Biota.The new endemic Mesozoic family possesses several unique characters in the wing.The relationship among the Origoasilidae fam.nov.and relative known lower brachyceran flies has been discussed.

集中式山地医院建筑交通组织研究

山地城市交通组织较平原地区更为复杂,医院作为功能复合、吸引大量人流的公共建筑,交通组织一直是其需要考虑的重点,而集中式布局的山地医院面临的交通问题尤为突出。本文在总结集中式山地医院建筑交通问题的基础上,以重庆市江北区人民医院新区设计方案为例,从与周边道路衔接、医院功能布局、立体交通流线组织、停车库布局、无障碍交通五个方面阐述集中式山地医院建筑交通组织的思想和方法。主要包括:三级台地的布局、螺旋式车道的衔接、入口广场落客接驳区以及自动仓储式立体停车库的设置等,为其他类似地区和建筑的交通组织提供参考和借鉴。

Prophaenognatha,a New Aclopinae Genus from the Yixian Formation,China and Its Phylogenetic Position Based on Morphological Characters(Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae)

Prophaenognatha robusta gen.et sp.nov.(Scarabaeoidea:Scarabaeidae:Aclopinae),the best-preserved aclopine fossil so far,is described and illustrated from the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of the Jehol Biota,western Liaoning Province,NE China.The key to extinct and extant genera of Aclopinae is given and the monophyly of extant and fossil Aclopinae lineages is supported by five character states.The new taxon provides evidence about the evolution of Scarabaeoidea with its phylogenetic position inferred based on 68 morphological characters.

不同部位脑微出血与认知障碍相关性研究

目的探讨不同部位脑微出血(CMBs)与认知障碍的相关性。方法回顾性分析非痴呆住院患者208例,经《蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)量表》评价患者的认知功能情况。行MRI检测有无CMBs,根据排除条件剔除26例患者,其余患者根据CMBs数量及部位不同分为无微出血组151例,有微出血组:皮质组5例、非皮质组16例及混合组10例,比较4组患者MoCA测试结果及不同部位CMBs,分析不同部位CMBs与认知障碍之间的关系。结果非皮质组患者视空间与执行功能、记忆评分均低于无微出血组(P<0.05)、皮质组(P<0.05);混合组患者视空间与执行功能、记忆、注意力、语言流畅、定向力低于非皮质组(P<0.05)。结论位于深部及幕下CMBs与记忆、视空间与执行功能受损密切相关。

New fossil mayflies （Insecta： Ephemeroptera） from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China

Abstract Jurassonurus amoenus, a new genus and species of Siphlonuridae s. I. is described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of the Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China. The new species is estab- lished by more than 20 imago and subimago specimens in relatively good condition. Detailed description and illustration of the specimens along with a review of fossil Siphlonuridae s. I. are given. Comparing with two known dominant nymph species Fuyous gregarious Zhang and Kluge, 2007 and Shantous lacustri Zhang and Kluge, 2007 from the same locality, we could not find any relationship among them. The new species is another dominant species in Daohugou beds.

New fossil evidence of the early diversification of scarabs： AIIoioscarabaeus cheni （Coleoptera： Scarabaeoidea） from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China

Scarabaeoidea are known from the Lower Jurassic and may have originated in the Triassic based on fossil evidence and phylogenetic research. However, the early diversification of Scarabaeoidea remains unclear due to the lack of high-quality fossil evidence. Here we describe an exceptionally well-preserved new fossil of Scarabaeoidea, Alloioscarabaeus cheni gen. et sp. nov from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia, China. Based on a morphometric analysis using 17 landmarks of the hind wing of Alloioscarabaeus and 10 scarabaeoid families, we found that Alloioscarabaeus cheni gen. et sp. nov clearly does not belong to any of the known scarabaeoid families and, consequently, is a new family, Alloioscarabaeidae fam. nov., was erected. The discovery of Alloioscarabaeus brought further evidence for the early diversification of major scarab lineages which could allow more detail in the palaeobiogeography of the Scarabaeoidea and Northeast of China which might be one of the originating places or an important radiation place during the evolution of Scarabaeoidea. Alloioscarabaeidae were very likely not good diggers and might have fed on decaying organic materials. Based on the evidence we have now, we tend to believe that most families and some subfamilies of Scarabaeoidea were present in the Jurassic period.

A new Upper Carboniferous stem-orthopteran （Insecta） from Ningxia （China）

During the Upper Carboniferous, orthopteran insects （grasshoppers, katydids, and crickets） were represented by numerous species distantly related to crown-orthopterans, such as lobeattid and cnemidolestodean insects. The panorthopterans, including total- orthopterans and their closest relatives, are represented by comparatively rarer species in localities of this period. Here we describe Heterologus duyiwuer sp. nov., an infrequent panorthopteran from the Late Carboniferous locality of Xiaheyan Village （Zhongwei City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China）. The only available specimen is composed of an isolated forewing exhibiting a combination of character states previously unknown, in particular the lack of posterior radius （RP） / anterior Media （MA） connection, late branchings of the media （M） and anterior cubitus （CuA）, and a branched posterior branch of the posterior cubitus （CuPb）. Based on its unusual branching pattern, the composite stem resulting from the fusion of CuA and CuPaa （second anterior branch of CuP） is assumed to be composed of a branched CuA and a simple CuPaa.

Photodegradation of 17α-ethynylestradiol in dissolved humic substances solution：Kinetics,mechanism and estrogenicity variation

17α-Ethynylestradiol（EE2） in natural waters may cause adverse effects on organisms due to its high estrogenic potency. Laboratory studies were performed to study the effects of a local humic acid（LHA）, fulvic acid（LFA） and Aldrich humic acid（AHA） on the photochemical behavior and estrogenic potency of EE2. Here photolytic experiments demonstrated that pure aqueous EE2 could undergo direct and self-sensitized photodegradation at a global rate of 0.0068 hr^-1.Photodegradation rate of EE2 in 5.0 mg/L dissolved humic substances（DHS） was determined to be 0.0274, 0.0296 and 0.0254 hr^-1 for LHA, LFA and AHA, respectively. Reactive oxygen species（ROS） and triplet dissolved humic substances（^3DHS＊） scavenging experiments indicated that the promotion effect of DHS on EE2 photodegradation was mainly aroused by the reactions of HOU（35%–50%）,~1O2（〈10%） andDHS＊（22%–34%）. However, the photodegradation of EE2 could also be inhibited when DHS exceeded the threshold of 10 mg/L. Three hydroxylation products of EE2 were identified using GC–MS and their formation pathways were also proposed. In vitro estrogenicity tests showed that EE2 was transformed into chemicals without estrogenic potency. These findings could extend our knowledge on the photochemical behaviors of steroid estrogens in sunlit natural waters.

The natural history of oviposition on a ginkgophyte fruit from the Middle Jurassic of northeastern China

A distinctive pattern of oviposition lesions occurs on a ginkgoalean seed, Yimaia capituliformis,which likely was inflicted by a kalligrammatid lacewing with a long,sword-like,plant-piercing ovipositor.This newly recorded oviposition type,DT272, occurs in the 165 million-year-old Jiulongshan Formation,of Middle Jurassic age,in Northeastern China.DT272 consists from three to seven,approximately equally spaced lesions with surrounding callus tissue,the fabricator of which targeted fleshy outer and inner tissues ofa ginkgophyte fruit.This distinctive damage also is known from the fleshy attachment pad surfaces of basal bennettitalean bracts.Examination of the life history of this probable ginkgoalean-kalligrammatid oviposition interaction indicates that the spacing of the eggs in substrate tissues disfavored inter-larval contact,but little cart be said of defense and counterdefense strategies between the plant host and the newly hatched imrnatures.

Positioning taxonomic research for the future

Why do taxonomists matter? The work of taxonomists is often understated if not completely misunderstood. Without taxonomists, organisms cannot be accurately identified, neither can these organisms be given universally accepted names, and reliably positioned in the phylogenetic tree of life. Thanks to the work of taxonomists over the last 269 years since Carl Linnaeus established the binomial system, we can now measure the health and wealth of our biodiversity in a refined, science-based inventory prescribed by stringent nomenclatural rules.

Insect herbivory immediately before the eclipse of the gymnosperms:The Dawangzhangzi plant assemblage of Northeastern China

The Early Cretaceous terrestrial revolution involved global shifts from gymnosperm-to angiosperm-dominated floras.However,responses of insect herbivores to these changes remain unexamined.We evaluated 2176 highly sampled plant specimens representing 62 species/morphotypes from the 126 Ma Dawangzhangzi plant assemblage of Northeastern China.Our study consisted of horsetails,ferns,ginkgoaleans,czekanowskialeans,conifers,and an angiosperm.Their herbivory was evaluated by the functional feeding groups of hole feeding,margin feeding,and surface feeding(ectophytic feeders);piercer and suckers,and ovipositing insects(ectoendophytic feeders);mining,galling,and borings(endophytic feeders);and pathogens,collectively constituting 65 damage types(DTs).The plant assemblage was assessed for herbivory richness by DT richness,component community structure,and DT specialization on plant hosts;for herbivory intensity,it was evaluated for DT frequency,herbivorized surface area,and feeding event occurrences.Using feeding event occurrences,the data supported seven species/morphotypes as most intensely herbivorized:Liaoningocladus boii(76.6%),Czekanowskia sp.1(8.4%),Czekanowskia rigida(4.10%),Lindleycladus lanceolatus(3.5%),Ginkgoites sp.2(2.0%),Podozamites sp.1(1.1%),and Solenites sp.1(0.9%).The most herbivorized taxa were pinaleans(conifers),then czekanowskialeans,and lastly ginkgoaleans;the monodominant component community was the conifer Liaoningocladus boii.DT host specialization levels were low.The plant assemblage had an overall low 0.86%of foliage removed by herbivores,explained by physical and chemical antiherbivore defenses,and parasitoid attack.Although Paleozoic,gymnosperm-dominated assemblages had greater herbivory,component community structure of the three most herbivorized taxa are more similar to modern bracken fern and willow than modern gymnosperm taxa.

The earliest Timematids in Burmese amber reveal diverse tarsal pads of stick insects in the mid-Cretaceous

Many extant insects have developed pad structures, euplantulae or arolia on their tarsi to increase friction or enhance adhesion for better mobility. Many polyneopteran insects with euplantulae, for example, Grylloblattodea, Mantophasmatodea and Orthoptera, have been described from the Mesozoic. However, the origin and evolution of stick insects' euplantulae are poorly understood due to rare fossil records. Here, we report the earliest fossil records of Timematodea hitherto, Tumefactipes prolongates gen. et sp. nov. and Granosicorpes Urates gen. et sp. nov., based on three specimens from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Specimens of Tumefactipes prolongates gen. et sp. nov. have extremely specialized and expanded euplantulae on their tarsomere II. These new findings are the first known and the earliest fossil records about euplantula structure within Phasmatodea, demonstrating the diversity of euplantulae in Polyneoptera during the Mesozoic. Such tarsal pads might have increased friction and helped these mid-Cretaceous stick insects to climb more firmly on various surfaces, such as broad leaves, wetted tree branches or ground. These specimens provide more morphological data for us to understand the relationships of Timematodea, Euphasmatodea, Orthoptera and Embioptera, suggesting that Timematodea might be monophyletic with Euphasmatodea rather than Embioptera and Phasmatodea should have a closer relationship with Orthoptera rather than Embioptera.