A precipitation system developed continuously along the western coastline of the Korean Peninsula and created considerable precipitation both along the coast and inland on 26 July 2011. In this study, the causes for t...A precipitation system developed continuously along the western coastline of the Korean Peninsula and created considerable precipitation both along the coast and inland on 26 July 2011. In this study, the causes for this nearshore convective system are investigated from observations and the results of model experiments. Three-dimensional radar fields clearly show that a change of wind at the surface border played an important role in the development of the nearshore convection system. The simulation results, which are very similar to the observations, show that the surface border generated and maintained the convergence zone. The roughness change enhanced the convergence, and the interaction between the deepening cold pool and downward flow maintained the convergence zone. The surface mechanical discontinuity affected by the roughness change between sea and land formed the convergence (gradient of wind stress), which induced momentum transfer to the upper layer. The cold pool created a steep gradient of potential temperature and provided the reason for the propagated convergence zone with the downward flow. The maximum value of the surface change factor, which comprises the influencing factors for the long-lasting convective system, reflects the enhancement of the system at the coast.展开更多
We investigate the dynamical behavior of aftershocks in earthquake networks, and the earthquake network calculated from a time series is constructed by contemplating cell resolution and temporal causality. We attempt ...We investigate the dynamical behavior of aftershocks in earthquake networks, and the earthquake network calculated from a time series is constructed by contemplating cell resolution and temporal causality. We attempt to connect an earthquake network using relationship between one main earthquake and its aftershocks from seismic data of California. We mainly examine some topological properties of the earthquake such as the degree distribution, the characteristic path length, the clustering coefficient, and the global efficiency. Our result cannot presently determine the universal scaling exponents in statistical quantities, but the topological properties may be inferred to advance and improve by implementing the method and its technique of networks. Particularly, it may be dealt with a network issue of convenience and of importance in the case how large networks construct in time to proceed on earthquake systems.展开更多
基金funded by the Korea Meteorological Institute (Grant No. KMI 2018-05410)
文摘A precipitation system developed continuously along the western coastline of the Korean Peninsula and created considerable precipitation both along the coast and inland on 26 July 2011. In this study, the causes for this nearshore convective system are investigated from observations and the results of model experiments. Three-dimensional radar fields clearly show that a change of wind at the surface border played an important role in the development of the nearshore convection system. The simulation results, which are very similar to the observations, show that the surface border generated and maintained the convergence zone. The roughness change enhanced the convergence, and the interaction between the deepening cold pool and downward flow maintained the convergence zone. The surface mechanical discontinuity affected by the roughness change between sea and land formed the convergence (gradient of wind stress), which induced momentum transfer to the upper layer. The cold pool created a steep gradient of potential temperature and provided the reason for the propagated convergence zone with the downward flow. The maximum value of the surface change factor, which comprises the influencing factors for the long-lasting convective system, reflects the enhancement of the system at the coast.
文摘We investigate the dynamical behavior of aftershocks in earthquake networks, and the earthquake network calculated from a time series is constructed by contemplating cell resolution and temporal causality. We attempt to connect an earthquake network using relationship between one main earthquake and its aftershocks from seismic data of California. We mainly examine some topological properties of the earthquake such as the degree distribution, the characteristic path length, the clustering coefficient, and the global efficiency. Our result cannot presently determine the universal scaling exponents in statistical quantities, but the topological properties may be inferred to advance and improve by implementing the method and its technique of networks. Particularly, it may be dealt with a network issue of convenience and of importance in the case how large networks construct in time to proceed on earthquake systems.
