Studies have shown that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)may be associated with sleep disorders.In order to explore the explicit relationship between the two,we systematically reviewed the effects of sleep diso...Studies have shown that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)may be associated with sleep disorders.In order to explore the explicit relationship between the two,we systematically reviewed the effects of sleep disorders,especially obstructive sleep apnea(OSA),on the incidence of NAFLD,and analyzed the possible mechanisms after adjusting for confounding factors.NAFLD is independently associated with sleep disorders.Different sleep disorders may be the cause of the onset and aggravation of NAFLD.An excessive or insufficient sleep duration,poor sleep quality,insomnia,sleep-wake disorders,and OSA may increase the incidence of NAFLD.Despite that some research suggests a unidirectional causal link between the two,specifically,the onset of NAFLD is identified as a result of changes in sleep characteristics,and the reverse relationship does not hold true.Nevertheless,there is still a lack of specific research elucidating the reasons behind the higher risk of developing sleep disorders in individuals with NAFLD.Further research is needed to establish a clear relationship between NAFLD and sleep disorders.This will lay the groundwork for earlier identification of potential patients,which is crucial for earlier monitoring,diagnosis,effective prevention,and treatment of NAFLD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Since the start of the 21st century,prostate cancer with lung metastasis(PCLM)has accumulated significant scientific research output.However,a systematic knowledge framework for PCLM is still lacking.AIM To...BACKGROUND Since the start of the 21st century,prostate cancer with lung metastasis(PCLM)has accumulated significant scientific research output.However,a systematic knowledge framework for PCLM is still lacking.AIM To reconstruct the global knowledge system in the field of PCLM,sort out hot research directions,and provide reference for the clinical and mechanism research of PCLM.METHODS We retrieved 280 high-quality papers from the Web of Science Core Collection and conducted a bibliometric analysis of keywords,publication volume,and citation frequency.Additionally,we selected differentially expressed genes from global high-throughput datasets and performed enrichment analysis and proteinprotein interaction analysis to further summarize and explore the mechanisms of PCLM.RESULTS PCLM has received extensive attention over the past 22 years,but there is an uneven spatial distribution in PCLM research.In the clinical aspect,the treatment of PCLM is mainly based on chemotherapy and immunotherapy,while diagnosis relies on methods such as prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography.In the basic research aspect,the focus is on cell adhesion molecules and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,among others.Traditional treatments,such as chemotherapy,remain the mainstay of PCLM treatment,while novel approaches such as immunotherapy have limited effectiveness in PCLM.This study reveals for the first time that pathways related to coronavirus disease 2019,cytokinecytokine receptor interaction,and ribosome are closely associated with PCLM.CONCLUSION Future research should focus on exploring and enhancing mechanisms such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and ribosome and improve existing mechanisms like cadherin binding and cell adhesion molecules.展开更多
The paper presents the improved element-free Galerkin (IEFG) method for three-dimensional wave propa- gation. The improved moving least-squares (IMLS) approx- imation is employed to construct the shape function, w...The paper presents the improved element-free Galerkin (IEFG) method for three-dimensional wave propa- gation. The improved moving least-squares (IMLS) approx- imation is employed to construct the shape function, which uses an orthogonal function system with a weight function as the basis function. Compared with the conventional moving least-squares (MLS) approximation, the algebraic equation system in the IMLS approximation is not ill-conditioned, and can be solved directly without deriving the inverse matrix. Because there are fewer coefficients in the IMLS than in the MLS approximation, fewer nodes are selected in the IEFG method than in the element-free Galerkin method. Thus, the IEFG method has a higher computing speed. In the IEFG method, the Galerkin weak form is employed to obtain a dis- cretized system equation, and the penalty method is applied to impose the essential boundary condition. The traditional difference method for two-point boundary value problems is selected for the time discretization. As the wave equations and the boundary-initial conditions depend on time, the scal- ing parameter, number of nodes and the time step length are considered for the convergence study.展开更多
The factors affecting case detection of tuber-culosis(TB)/human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)co-infection cases were explored in order to provide evidence-based formulation of a TB/HIV co-infection control strategy in Ch...The factors affecting case detection of tuber-culosis(TB)/human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)co-infection cases were explored in order to provide evidence-based formulation of a TB/HIV co-infection control strategy in China.Four counties with different modes of HIV transmission and varying cooperation mechanisms between TB and HIV institutions were selected.HIV test among TB patients and TB examination among people living with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)were conducted.Patients also completed ques-tionnaires on potential factors affecting TB/HIV co-infection.The results showed that 19(1.7%)were HIV-positive among 1089 cases of people living with active TB who received HIV testing.Conversely,there were 126(10%)cases of active TB among 1255 cases of people living with HIV/AIDS.Among the newly discovered 145 cases of TB/HIV co-infection,AIDS institutions found 86.9%of these co-infections and 14.1%came from TB institutes.In different registration categories,there were 31(21.4%)cases of smear positive TB,104(71.7%)cases of smear negative TB,and extrapulmonary cases accounted for 10(6.9%).Gender,occupation,marital status,ethnic group,education,HIV transmission route,CD4 level,and type of TB susceptible symptoms had significant effects on whether HIV/AIDS patients were co-infected with TB disease(P<0.01).Sex,age,ethnic group,occupation,and type of tuberculosis had no significant influence on whether TB patients had HIV infection.AIDS institutions couldfind more TB/HIV co-infection patients in compar-ison with TB institutions,particularly in patients with smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmon-ary tuberculosis.Therefore,a cooperation mechanism should be built up between TB and HIV control systems,and routine TB checks should be conducted for HIV/AIDS patients.In areas where sex or drug use is the major transmission mode of HIV infection,antiretroviral therapy should be expanded,treatment adherence should be improved and patients’immunity level should be increased in order to decrease TB incidence.Cough and expectora-tion of more than two weeks,bloody sputum,and recurrent fevers could be revealing symptoms in TB screening of HIV/AIDS patients.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82360880,and 82060661Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.20232ACB206057+3 种基金Key project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education,No.GJJ218104Teaching reform research project of Jiangxi Province of China,No.JXJG-22-130-1National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81660151Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.20212BAB206092.
文摘Studies have shown that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)may be associated with sleep disorders.In order to explore the explicit relationship between the two,we systematically reviewed the effects of sleep disorders,especially obstructive sleep apnea(OSA),on the incidence of NAFLD,and analyzed the possible mechanisms after adjusting for confounding factors.NAFLD is independently associated with sleep disorders.Different sleep disorders may be the cause of the onset and aggravation of NAFLD.An excessive or insufficient sleep duration,poor sleep quality,insomnia,sleep-wake disorders,and OSA may increase the incidence of NAFLD.Despite that some research suggests a unidirectional causal link between the two,specifically,the onset of NAFLD is identified as a result of changes in sleep characteristics,and the reverse relationship does not hold true.Nevertheless,there is still a lack of specific research elucidating the reasons behind the higher risk of developing sleep disorders in individuals with NAFLD.Further research is needed to establish a clear relationship between NAFLD and sleep disorders.This will lay the groundwork for earlier identification of potential patients,which is crucial for earlier monitoring,diagnosis,effective prevention,and treatment of NAFLD.
文摘BACKGROUND Since the start of the 21st century,prostate cancer with lung metastasis(PCLM)has accumulated significant scientific research output.However,a systematic knowledge framework for PCLM is still lacking.AIM To reconstruct the global knowledge system in the field of PCLM,sort out hot research directions,and provide reference for the clinical and mechanism research of PCLM.METHODS We retrieved 280 high-quality papers from the Web of Science Core Collection and conducted a bibliometric analysis of keywords,publication volume,and citation frequency.Additionally,we selected differentially expressed genes from global high-throughput datasets and performed enrichment analysis and proteinprotein interaction analysis to further summarize and explore the mechanisms of PCLM.RESULTS PCLM has received extensive attention over the past 22 years,but there is an uneven spatial distribution in PCLM research.In the clinical aspect,the treatment of PCLM is mainly based on chemotherapy and immunotherapy,while diagnosis relies on methods such as prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography.In the basic research aspect,the focus is on cell adhesion molecules and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,among others.Traditional treatments,such as chemotherapy,remain the mainstay of PCLM treatment,while novel approaches such as immunotherapy have limited effectiveness in PCLM.This study reveals for the first time that pathways related to coronavirus disease 2019,cytokinecytokine receptor interaction,and ribosome are closely associated with PCLM.CONCLUSION Future research should focus on exploring and enhancing mechanisms such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and ribosome and improve existing mechanisms like cadherin binding and cell adhesion molecules.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11171208)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (S30106)
文摘The paper presents the improved element-free Galerkin (IEFG) method for three-dimensional wave propa- gation. The improved moving least-squares (IMLS) approx- imation is employed to construct the shape function, which uses an orthogonal function system with a weight function as the basis function. Compared with the conventional moving least-squares (MLS) approximation, the algebraic equation system in the IMLS approximation is not ill-conditioned, and can be solved directly without deriving the inverse matrix. Because there are fewer coefficients in the IMLS than in the MLS approximation, fewer nodes are selected in the IEFG method than in the element-free Galerkin method. Thus, the IEFG method has a higher computing speed. In the IEFG method, the Galerkin weak form is employed to obtain a dis- cretized system equation, and the penalty method is applied to impose the essential boundary condition. The traditional difference method for two-point boundary value problems is selected for the time discretization. As the wave equations and the boundary-initial conditions depend on time, the scal- ing parameter, number of nodes and the time step length are considered for the convergence study.
文摘The factors affecting case detection of tuber-culosis(TB)/human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)co-infection cases were explored in order to provide evidence-based formulation of a TB/HIV co-infection control strategy in China.Four counties with different modes of HIV transmission and varying cooperation mechanisms between TB and HIV institutions were selected.HIV test among TB patients and TB examination among people living with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)were conducted.Patients also completed ques-tionnaires on potential factors affecting TB/HIV co-infection.The results showed that 19(1.7%)were HIV-positive among 1089 cases of people living with active TB who received HIV testing.Conversely,there were 126(10%)cases of active TB among 1255 cases of people living with HIV/AIDS.Among the newly discovered 145 cases of TB/HIV co-infection,AIDS institutions found 86.9%of these co-infections and 14.1%came from TB institutes.In different registration categories,there were 31(21.4%)cases of smear positive TB,104(71.7%)cases of smear negative TB,and extrapulmonary cases accounted for 10(6.9%).Gender,occupation,marital status,ethnic group,education,HIV transmission route,CD4 level,and type of TB susceptible symptoms had significant effects on whether HIV/AIDS patients were co-infected with TB disease(P<0.01).Sex,age,ethnic group,occupation,and type of tuberculosis had no significant influence on whether TB patients had HIV infection.AIDS institutions couldfind more TB/HIV co-infection patients in compar-ison with TB institutions,particularly in patients with smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmon-ary tuberculosis.Therefore,a cooperation mechanism should be built up between TB and HIV control systems,and routine TB checks should be conducted for HIV/AIDS patients.In areas where sex or drug use is the major transmission mode of HIV infection,antiretroviral therapy should be expanded,treatment adherence should be improved and patients’immunity level should be increased in order to decrease TB incidence.Cough and expectora-tion of more than two weeks,bloody sputum,and recurrent fevers could be revealing symptoms in TB screening of HIV/AIDS patients.