Chronic pain lasting more than 3 mo,or even several years can lead to disability.Treating chronic pain safely and effectively is a critical challenge faced by clinicians.Because administration of analgesics through or...Chronic pain lasting more than 3 mo,or even several years can lead to disability.Treating chronic pain safely and effectively is a critical challenge faced by clinicians.Because administration of analgesics through oral,intravenous or intramuscular routes is not satisfactory,research toward percutaneous delivery has gained interest.The transdermal patch is one such percutaneous delivery system that can deliver drugs through the skin and capillaries at a certain rate to achieve a systemic or local therapeutic effect in the affected area.It has many advantages including ease of administration and hepatic first pass metabolism avoidance as well as controlling drug delivery,which reduces the dose frequency and side effects.If not required,then the patch can be removed from the skin immediately.The scopolamine patch was the first transdermal patch to be approved for the treatment of motion sickness by the Food and Drug Administration in 1979.From then on,the transdermal patch has been widely used to treat many diseases.To date,no guidelines or consensus are available on the use of analgesic drugs through transdermal delivery.The pain branch of the Chinese Medical Association,after meeting and discussing with experts and based on clinical evidence,developed a consensus for promoting and regulating standard use of transdermal patches containing analgesic drugs.展开更多
Following recent insights on structure-cell-function interactions and the critical role of the extracellular matrix(ECM),the latest biofabrication approaches have increasingly focused on designing materials with biomi...Following recent insights on structure-cell-function interactions and the critical role of the extracellular matrix(ECM),the latest biofabrication approaches have increasingly focused on designing materials with biomimetic microarchitecture.Divergence electrospinning is a novel fabrication method for three-dimensional(3D)nanofiber scaffolds.It is introduced to produce 3D nanofiber mats that have numerous applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.One of the most important characteristics of 3D nanofiber mats is the density gradient.This study provides a statistical analysis and response surface modeling framework based on experimental data to evaluate the manner by which the geometric designs of double-bevel collectors influence the fiber density gradient.Specifically,variance of analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to identify parameters that had significant effects,and a response surface model embedded with seven location indicators was developed to predict the spatial distribution of fiber density for different collector designs.It was concluded that the collector height,bevel angle,and their interactions were significant factors influencing the density gradient.This study revealed the sensitivity of system configuration and provided an optimization tool for process controllability of microstructure gradients.展开更多
文摘Chronic pain lasting more than 3 mo,or even several years can lead to disability.Treating chronic pain safely and effectively is a critical challenge faced by clinicians.Because administration of analgesics through oral,intravenous or intramuscular routes is not satisfactory,research toward percutaneous delivery has gained interest.The transdermal patch is one such percutaneous delivery system that can deliver drugs through the skin and capillaries at a certain rate to achieve a systemic or local therapeutic effect in the affected area.It has many advantages including ease of administration and hepatic first pass metabolism avoidance as well as controlling drug delivery,which reduces the dose frequency and side effects.If not required,then the patch can be removed from the skin immediately.The scopolamine patch was the first transdermal patch to be approved for the treatment of motion sickness by the Food and Drug Administration in 1979.From then on,the transdermal patch has been widely used to treat many diseases.To date,no guidelines or consensus are available on the use of analgesic drugs through transdermal delivery.The pain branch of the Chinese Medical Association,after meeting and discussing with experts and based on clinical evidence,developed a consensus for promoting and regulating standard use of transdermal patches containing analgesic drugs.
文摘Following recent insights on structure-cell-function interactions and the critical role of the extracellular matrix(ECM),the latest biofabrication approaches have increasingly focused on designing materials with biomimetic microarchitecture.Divergence electrospinning is a novel fabrication method for three-dimensional(3D)nanofiber scaffolds.It is introduced to produce 3D nanofiber mats that have numerous applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.One of the most important characteristics of 3D nanofiber mats is the density gradient.This study provides a statistical analysis and response surface modeling framework based on experimental data to evaluate the manner by which the geometric designs of double-bevel collectors influence the fiber density gradient.Specifically,variance of analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to identify parameters that had significant effects,and a response surface model embedded with seven location indicators was developed to predict the spatial distribution of fiber density for different collector designs.It was concluded that the collector height,bevel angle,and their interactions were significant factors influencing the density gradient.This study revealed the sensitivity of system configuration and provided an optimization tool for process controllability of microstructure gradients.
