Simulation studies on metastable phase equilibria in the aqueous ternary systems (NaCl-MgCl_(2)-H_(2)O) and (KCl-MgCl_(2)-H_(2)O) at 308.15K

The solubilities and densities of the aqueous metastable ternary systems(NaCl-MgCl_(2)-H_(2)O)and(KCl-MgCl_(2)-H_(2)O)at 308.15 K were determined by the isothermal evaporation method.On the basis of the experimental results,the phase diagrams for those systems were plotted.It was found that the former system belongs to the hydrate-I type with one invariant point of(NaCl+MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O),two univariant curves,and two crystal-lization regions corresponding to halite(NaCl)and bischofite(MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O);and the latter system belongs to the type of incongruent-double salts with two invariant points of(KCl+KCl·MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O)and(MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O+KCl·MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O),three univariant curves,and three crystallization regions corresponding to potassium chlor-ide(KCl),carnallite(KCl·MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O)and bischofite(MgCl_(2)·6H_(2).No solid solutions were found in both systems.

Stretchable,breathable,and washable epidermal electrodes based on microfoam reinforced ultrathin conductive nanocomposites

Stretchable epidermal electronics allow conformal interactions with the human body for emerging applications in wearable health monitoring and therapy.Stretchable devices are commonly constructed on submillimeter-thick elastomer substrates with limited moisture permeability,thereby leading to unpleasant sensations during long-term attachment.Although the ultrathin elastomer membrane may address this problem,the mechanical robustness is essentially lost for direct manipulations and repetitive uses.Here,we report a stretchable,breathable,and washable epidermal electrode of microfoam reinforced ultrathin conductive nanocomposite(MRUCN).The new architecture involves ultrathin conductive silver nanowire nanocomposite features supported on a porous elastomeric microfoam substrate,which exhibits high moisture permeability for pleasant perceptions during epidermal applications.As-prepared epidermal electrodes show excellent electronic conductivity(8440 S·cm^(-1)),high feature resolution(~50μm),decent stretchability,and excellent durability.In addition,the MRUCN retains stable electrical properties during washing to meet the hygiene requirements for repetitive uses.The successful implementation in an integrated electronic patch demonstrates the practical suitability of MRUCN for a broad range of epidermal electronic devices and systems.

Silver-catalyzed bioleaching for raw low-grade copper sulphide ores

This research was conducted to investigate the biooxidation and copper dissolution from raw low-grade refractory copper sulphide ores located in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China using adapted Thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria.In order to accelerate the bioleach-ing rate,the adapted mixed bacteria and silver ion catalyst were tested in the leach columns at laboratory scale.The overall acid consumption was 4.3kg sulphuric acid per kg of dissolved copper and was linearly related to the percent copper dissolution.The calculated copper dissolution rates obey the Shrinking Core Model.The relative activation energy of the whole biooxidative leaching stages was calculated to be 48.58kJ/mol.