Countermeasure against blinding attack for single-photon detectors in quantum key distribution

Quantum key distribution(QKD),rooted in quantum mechanics,offers information-theoretic security.However,practi-cal systems open security threats due to imperfections,notably bright-light blinding attacks targeting single-photon detectors.Here,we propose a concise,robust defense strategy for protecting single-photon detectors in QKD systems against blinding attacks.Our strategy uses a dual approach:detecting the bias current of the avalanche photodiode(APD)to defend against con-tinuous-wave blinding attacks,and monitoring the avalanche amplitude to protect against pulsed blinding attacks.By integrat-ing these two branches,the proposed solution effectively identifies and mitigates a wide range of bright light injection attempts,significantly enhancing the resilience of QKD systems against various bright-light blinding attacks.This method forti-fies the safeguards of quantum communications and offers a crucial contribution to the field of quantum information security.

Publisher Correction to:Strongly Coupled 2D Transition Metal Chalcogenide‑MXene‑Carbonaceous Nanoribbon Heterostructures with Ultrafast Ion Transport for Boosting Sodium/Potassium Ions Storage

Due to the technical fault,a wrong version of the paper was uploaded.The content of the article was not affected,but the layout of the article was affected.The original article has been corrected.

Superior oxygen electrocatalyst derived from metal organic coordination polymers by instantaneous nucleation and epitaxial growth for rechargeable Li-O_(2) battery

Rechargeable aprotic Li-O_(2)batteries have attractea increasing attention due to their extremely high capacity,and it is very important to design appropriate strategies to synthesize efficient catalysts used as oxygen cathode.In present work,we present an expedient "instantaneous nucleation and epitaxial growth"(INEG) synthesis strategy for convenient and large-scale synthesis of ultrafine MOCPs nanoparticles(size 50-100 nm) with obvious advantages such as fast synthesis,high yields,low costs and reduced synthetic steps.The bimetallic Ru/Co-MOCPs are further pyrolyzed to obtain bimetallic Coand low content of Ru-based nanoparticles embedded within nitrogen-doped carbon(Ru/Co@N-C) as an efficient catalyst used in Li-O_(2)battery.The Ru/Co@N-C provides porous carbon framework for the ion transportation and O_(2)diffusion,and has large amounts of metal/nonmetal sites as active site to promote the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)/oxygen evolution reaction(OER) in Li-O_(2)batteries.As a consequence,a high discharge specific capacity of 15246 mA h g^(-1)at 250 mA g^(-1), excellent rate capability at different current densities,and stable overpotential during cycling,are achieved.This work opened up a new understanding for the industrialized synthesis of ultrafine catalysts for Li-O_(2)batteries with excellent structural characteristics and electrochemical performance.

Genetic dissection of N use efficiency using maize inbred lines and testcrosses

Although the use of heterosis in maize breeding has increased crop productivity,the genetic causes underlying heterosis for nitrogen(N) use efficiency(NUE) have been insufficiently investigated.In this study,five N-response traits and five low-N-tolerance traits were investigated using two inbred line populations(ILs) consisting of recombinant inbred lines(RIL) and advanced backcross(ABL) populations,derived from crossing Ye478 with Wu312.Both populations were crossed with P178 to construct two testcross populations.IL populations,their testcross populations,and the midparent heterosis(MPH)for NUE were investigated.Kernel weight,kernel number,and kernel number per row were sensitive to N level and ILs showed higher N response than did the testcross populations.Based on a highdensity linkage map,138 quantitative trait loci(QTL) were mapped,each explaining 5.6%–38.8% of genetic variation.There were 52,34 and 52 QTL for IL populations,MPH,and testcross populations,respectively.The finding that 7.6% of QTL were common to the ILs and their testcross populations and that 11.7% were common to the MPH and testcross population indicated that heterosis for NUE traits was regulated by non-additive and non-dominant loci.A QTL on chromosome 5 explained 27% of genetic variation in all of the traits and Gln1-3 was identified as a candidate gene for this QTL.Genome-wide prediction of NUE traits in the testcross populations showed 14%–51% accuracy.Our results may be useful for clarifying the genetic basis of heterosis for NUE traits and the candidate gene may be used for genetic improvement of maize NUE.

Numerical study on shock-accelerated heavy gas cylinderswith diffusive interfaces

Interactions of shock wave and heavy gas cylinders with different diffusive interfaces are numerically investigated. Comparisons among these interfaces are made in terms of cylinder morphology, wave system evolution, fluids mixing, and circulation generation. Navier-Stokes equations are solved in the present work to simulate the complex multi-fluid flow. The fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme is used to compute the numerical flux. The influence of interface diffusion is revealed by the numerical results. The cylinders with similar geometric scale but different diffusion interface have great similarities in the hydrodynamic characteristics, including the interface morphology, shock focusing and molecular mixing, as well as circulation deposition. For the cases with more serious interface diffusion, the cylinder develops into more regular vortex pairs. The diffusive interface greatly mitigates the strength of the reflected shock wave and weakens the shock focusing capability. Some interface structural features are also recorded and analyzed. The diffusive interface brings about slower molecular mixing and less circulation generation. The circulation deposition on different interfaces is quantitatively investigated and compared with the theoretical models. The theoretical models are found to be applicable to the scenarios of diffusive interfaces.

Numerical study of mono-crystalline silicon solar cells with passivated emitter and rear contact configuration for the efficiency beyond 24% based on mass production technology

Mono-crystalline silicon solar cells with a passivated emitter rear contact(PERC)configuration have attracted extensive attention from both industry and scientific communities.A record efficiency of 24.06%on p-type silicon wafer and mass production efficiency around 22%have been demonstrated,mainly due to its superior rear side passivation.In this work,the PERC solar cells with a p-type silicon wafer were numerically studied in terms of the surface passivation,quality of silicon wafer and metal electrodes.A rational way to achieve a 24%mass-production efficiency was proposed.Free energy loss analyses were adopted to address the loss sources with respect to the limit efficiency of 29%,which provides a guideline for the design and manufacture of a high-efficiency PERC solar cell.

Research on scheduling strategy for automated storage and retrieval system

With the continuous and rapid growth of transport demand,scheduling strategy of warehouse has become a key issue in the field of logistics transportation.The structural differences of the warehouse,the automated storage and retrieval system(AS/RS)model and the two-end dual stackers scheduling model(TDSM)are considered,and a new improved genetic algorithm(NIGA)is proposed.It can adjust the algorithm structure according to the density of population fitness value,and effectively optimize the stacker path.In the TDSM,an improved anti-collision principle is proposed to avoid collision of two stackers.Besides,combined with the optimal anti-collision boundary inspection mechanism,the best working area for the two stackers is allocated by using NIGA.Finally,the new improved GA is compared with GA and the adaptive GA on specific storage and retrieval tasks.The simulation results show that the proposed NIGA well outperforms other GAs in most instances,which indicates that it is an effective approach for the AS/RS and the TDSM scheduling optimization problem.

Cloning of a new allele of ZmAMP1 and evaluation of its breeding value in hybrid maize

Gene resources associated with plant stature and flowering time are invaluable for maize breeding.In this study,using an F2:3population derived from a natural semi-dwarf mutant grmm and a normal inbred line Si 273,we identified a major pleiotropic QTL on the distal long arm of chromosome 1(qPH1_dla),and found that qPH1_dla controlled plant height,flowering time,ear and yield traits.qPH1_dla was finemapped to a 16 kb interval containing ZmAMP1,which was annotated as a glutamate carboxypeptidase.Allelism tests using two independent allelic mutants confirmed that ZmAMP1 was the causal gene.Realtime quantitative PCR and genomic sequence analysis suggested that a nonsynonymous mutation at the598th base of ZmAMP1 gene was the causal sequence variant for the dwarfism of grmm.This novel ZmAMP1 allele was named ZmAMP1_grmm.RNA sequencing using two pairs of near isogenic lines(NILs)showed that 84 up-regulated and 68 down-regulated genes in dwarf NILs were enriched in 15metabolic pathways.Finally,introgression of ZmAMP1_grmm into Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335 generated two improved F1lines.In field tests,they were semi-dwarf,early-flowering,lodging-resistant,and high-yielding under high-density planting conditions,suggesting that ZmAMP1_grmm is a promising Green Revolution gene for maize hybrid breeding.

Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Beta-Type Titanium Alloys for Biomedical Application:A Review

Additive manufacturing ofβ-type titanium alloy is expected to replace Ti-6Al-4V alloy in the field of orthopedic implantation because of their low elastic modulus,excellent corrosion resistance,and biocompatibility.After briefly introducing the laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)process and physical phenomena,this paper reviews the recent progresses in LPBF-edβ-type Ti alloys.The strategies to strengthening and tougheningβ-type Ti alloys are critically reviewed.This is followed by the processing routes employed to achieve to low modulus for orthopedic applications,especially a new methodology for tailoring crystallographic orientation called multi-track coupled directional solidification.The effect of processing and compositions on performance metrics ofβ-type Ti alloys included corrosion behavior,and biocompatibility is reviewed.In the end,challenges in additive manufacturing ofβ-type Ti alloys in future are highlighted,with the aim to ensue clinical application of LPBF-edβ-type Ti alloys.

A novel CGBoost deep learning algorithm for coseismic landslide susceptibility prediction

The accurate prediction of landslide susceptibility shortly after a violent earthquake is quite vital to the emergency rescue in the 72-h‘‘golden window”.However,the limited quantity of interpreted landslides shortly after a massive earthquake makes landslide susceptibility prediction become a challenge.To address this gap,this work suggests an integrated method of Crossing Graph attention network and xgBoost(CGBoost).This method contains three branches,which extract the interrelations among pixels within a slope unit,the interrelations among various slope units,and the relevance between influencing factors and landslide probability,respectively,and obtain rich and discriminative features by an adaptive fusion mechanism.Thus,the difficulty of susceptibility modeling under a small number of coseismic landslides can be reduced.As a basic module of CGBoost,the proposed Crossing graph attention network(Crossgat)could characterize the spatial heterogeneity within and among slope units to reduce the false alarm in the susceptibility results.Moreover,the rainfall dynamic factors are utilized as prediction indices to improve the susceptibility performance,and the prediction index set is established by terrain,geology,human activity,environment,meteorology,and earthquake factors.CGBoost is applied to predict landslide susceptibility in the Gorkha meizoseismal area.3.43%of coseismic landslides are randomly selected,of which 70%are used for training,and the others for testing.In the testing set,the values of Overall Accuracy,Precision,Recall,F1-score,and Kappa coefficient of CGBoost attain 0.9800,0.9577,0.9999,0.9784,and 0.9598,respectively.Validated by all the coseismic landslides,CGBoost outperforms the current major landslide susceptibility assessment methods.The suggested CGBoost can be also applied to landslide susceptibility prediction in new earthquakes in the future.

四足机器人结构柔顺化设计与性能评价

针对刚性四足机器人动态行走时的躯体姿态不平稳和地面冲击力大等问题,通过借鉴哺乳类四足动物的躯体结构,提出了一种以局部被动自由度为特征的四足机器人柔顺化结构,即,在刚性四足机器人腿部末端添加由压簧约束的直线移动副构成弹性腿部,在腰部添加由扭簧约束的横滚、偏转两个方向的转动副,形成柔性腰部。采用中枢模式发生器(CPG)方法建立了四足机器人的轨迹控制模型,结合力学分析和样机试验确定柔顺结构各个弹性自由度的刚度系数。物理样机运动实验表明,柔顺结构能够有效的降低四足机器人行走时的地面冲击力,减小躯干姿态变化程度,从而提高机器人行走的平稳性。

不同保存方法对尿液样本生化指标的影响

目的了解临床上不同尿液的保存方法对尿生化指标的影响,探讨留取24h尿的适宜保存方法。方法收集55例肾脏内科病人的24h尿。按照尿常规白细胞数>200/μL以及细菌数>1000/μL为标准分为感染性尿液样本组(20例)和非感染性尿液样本组(35例)。每例样本留取三份,分别置于防腐剂(二甲苯)、常温(18-28℃)、冷藏(2-8℃)三种不同条件下保存。检测两组在三种保存条件下:(1)尿蛋白:总蛋白(UTP)、微量白蛋白(m Alb/Cr)、尿免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、α1微球蛋白(α1-MG);(2)尿电解质:钾(K)、钠(Na)、氯(Cl)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、磷(P);(3)尿酸(UA),肌酐(Cr)的含量。比较两组在不同保存条件对尿生化指标的影响。结果两组24h尿液在二甲苯、冷藏、常温三种条件下,尿生化指标测定值均无显著性差异(P>0.05);结论 24h尿液的生化指标的测定不受保存方式的影响。

Strongly Coupled 2D Transition Metal Chalcogenide-MXene-Carbonaceous Nanoribbon Heterostructures with Ultrafast Ion Transport for Boosting Sodium/Potassium Ions Storage

Combining with the advantages of two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials,MXenes have shown great potential in next generation rechargeable batteries.Similar with other 2D materials,MXenes generally suffer severe self-agglomeration,low capacity,and unsatisfied durability,particularly for larger sodium/potassium ions,compromising their practical values.In this work,a novel ternary heterostructure self-assembled from transition metal selenides(MSe,M=Cu,Ni,and Co),MXene nanosheets and N-rich carbonaceous nanoribbons(CNRibs)with ultrafast ion transport properties is designed for sluggish sodium-ion(SIB)and potassium-ion(PIB)batteries.Benefiting from the diverse chemical characteristics,the positively charged MSe anchored onto the electronegative hydroxy(-OH)functionalized MXene surfaces through electrostatic adsorption,while the fungal-derived CNRibs bonded with the other side of MXene through amino bridging and hydrogen bonds.This unique MXene-based heterostructure prevents the restacking of 2D materials,increases the intrinsic conductivity,and most importantly,provides ultrafast interfacial ion transport pathways and extra surficial and interfacial storage sites,and thus,boosts the high-rate storage performances in SIB and PIB applications.Both the quantitatively kinetic analysis and the density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that the interfacial ion transport is several orders higher than that of the pristine MXenes,which delivered much enhanced Na+(536.3 mAh g^(−1)@0.1 A g^(−1))and K^(+)(305.6 mAh g^(−1)@1.0 A g^(−1))storage capabilities and excel-lent long-term cycling stability.Therefore,this work provides new insights into 2D materials engineering and low-cost,but kinetically sluggish post-Li batteries.

Integrated analysis of high-throughput sequencing data shows abscisic acidresponsive genes and miRNAs in strawberry receptacle fruit ripening

The perception and signal transduction of the plant hormone abscisic acid(ABA)are crucial for strawberry fruit ripening,but the underlying mechanism of how ABA regulates ripening-related genes has not been well understood.By employing high-throughput sequencing technology,we comprehensively analyzed transcriptomic and miRNA expression profiles simultaneously in ABA-and nordihydroguaiaretic acid(NDGA,an ABA biosynthesis blocker)-treated strawberry fruits with temporal resolution.The results revealed that ABA regulated many genes in different pathways,including hormone signal transduction and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.Transcription factor genes belonging to WRKY and heat shock factor(HSF)families might play key roles in regulating the expression of ABA inducible genes,whereas the KNOTTED1-like homeobox protein and Squamosa Promoter-Binding-like protein 18 might be responsible for ABA-downregulated genes.Additionally,20 known and six novel differentially expressed miRNAs might be important regulators that assist ABA in regulating target genes that are involved in versatile physiological processes,such as hormone balance regulation,pigments formation and cell wall degradation.Furthermore,degradome analysis showed that one novel miRNA,Fa_novel6,could degrade its target gene HERCULES1,which likely contributed to fruit size determination during strawberry ripening.These results expanded our understanding of how ABA drives the strawberry fruit ripening process as well as the role of miRNAs in this process.

Atmospheric Warming Slowdown during 1998-2013 Associated with Increasing Ocean Heat Content

Although atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations continuously increased, there was relatively little change in global-averaged surface temperatures from 1998 to 2013, which is known as atmospheric warming slowdown. For further understanding the mechanism involved, we explored the energy redistribution between the atmosphere and ocean in different latitudes and depths by using data analysis as well as simulations of a coupled atmosphere–ocean box model. The results revealed that, compared with observational changes of ocean heat content (OHC) associated with rapid warming, the OHC changes related to warming slowdown are relatively larger in multiple ocean basins, particularly in the deeper layer of the Atlantic. The coupled box model also showed that there is a larger increasing trend of OHC under the warming slowdown scenario than the rapid warming scenario. Particularly, during the warming slowdown period, the heat storage in the deeper ocean increases faster than the ocean heat uptake in the surface ocean. The simulations indicated that the warming patterns under the two scenarios are accompanied by distinct outgoing longwave radiation and atmospheric meridional heat transport, as well as other related processes, thus leading to different characteristics of ocean heat uptake. Due to the global energy balance, we suggest this slowdown has a tight relationship with the accelerated heat transport into the global ocean.

Enterprise stent for symptomatic complex intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: safety and efficiency

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Enterprise stent in the treatment of symptomatic complex intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Methods and materials: 20 complex cases among 53 patients with symptomatic ischemic stroke who were treated with balloon angioplasty and enterprise stents in Department of Neuro-interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from Jan. 2014 to Dec. 2017 were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Diagnostic criteria for complex intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis were as follows: 1) intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis was ≥70% confirmed by digital subtraction angiography(DSA) using the formulas described by the Warfarin Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease(WASID) method; 2) length of lesion was >10 mm. Basic characteristics of target lesions, technical success rate, perioperative safety, follow-up outcomes were investigated. Results: 20 patients were enrolled in this study, including 15 males and 5 females from 44 to 70 years old with an average age of 57.20 ± 9.25. 20 lesions were treated with 20 enterprise stents. The average preoperative and postoperative residual stenosis was reduced from(77.45 ± 8.44)% to(24.89 ± 16.61)%. The successful rate of operation was 100%. Among the perioperative complications, only 1 case(5%) experienced perforating branch event. The average clinical follow-up period was 13.15 ± 11.33 months(time range: 5–38). There were no ischemic events, no bleeding events and no various causes of death during the follow-up period. 8 lesions(40.0%) underwent DSA follow-up examinations and 12 lesions(60.0%) were checked by CT angiography during the follow-up period. 3 lesions(15.0%) developed ISR without any cerebral ischemia symptoms. Conclusion: This retrospective, single-center study suggests that enterprise stent is effective in the treatment of symptomatic complex intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis with less perioperative complications. Prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trials are expected.

枣醋发酵液中还原糖含量和酒精度的可见–近红外高光谱快速定量分析

本文利用可见–近红外高光谱检测技术对枣醋发酵过程中还原糖含量和酒精度进行了定量分析,并通过偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立定量分析模型,同时采用无信息变量消除法(UVE)、竞争性自适应加权算法(CARS)和遗传算法(GA)对整个谱区进行光谱特征波长变量筛选,以决定系数(R2)、预测标准偏差(RMSEP)、相对分析误差(RPD)以及最佳主因子数作为模型质量的评价指标。其中用CARS法挑选波长后对模型的优化效果最佳,还原糖含量和酒精度CARS-PLS模型的R2分别达到0.9045和0.8993,RMSEP为1.3635和1.2878,RPD为3.24和3.58,最佳主因子数为7和8。结果表明:进行变量筛选可提高枣醋酿造过程中还原糖含量和酒精度模型准确度和稳定性,降低解析难度,达到优化模型的作用,可见–近红外高光谱检测技术可实现枣醋发酵液中还原糖含量和酒精度的快速、定量、精确分析。

Dynamic characteristics of multi-arc thermal plasma in four types of electrode configurations

The enhanced volume of thermal plasma is produced by a multi-arc thermal plasma generator with three pairs of discharge electrodes driven by three directed current power suppliers.Combined with a high-speed camera and an oscilloscope,which acquire optical and electric signals synchronously,the dynamic behavior of different kinds of multi-arc discharge adjusted by the electrode arrangement is investigated.Also,the spatial distributions and instability of the arc discharge are analyzed in four electrode configurations using the gray value statistical method.It is found that the cathodic arcs mainly show a contracting state,while the anodic arcs have a trend of transition from shrinkage to a diffusion-like state with the increase of the discharge current.As a result of the adjustment of the electrode configuration,a high temperature region formed in the center of the discharge region in configurations of adjacent electrodes with opposite flow distribution and opposite electrodes with swirl flow distribution due to severe fluctuation of arcs.The discharge voltage rises with increased discharge current in this novel multi-arc plasma generator.It is also found that anode ablation mainly occurs on the conical surface at the copper electrode tip,while cathode erosion mainly occurs on the surface of the inserted tungsten and the nearby copper.

Identification of genes preferentially expressed in wild strawberry receptacle fruit and demonstration of their promoter activities

Fragaria vesca(F.vesca),the wild strawberry,is a diploid model for the commercial,octoploid strawberry as well as other members of the economically relevant Rosaceae family.Unlike the fruits of tomato and Arabidopsis,the fleshy fruit of strawberry is unique in that it is derived from the floral receptacle and has an external seed configuration.Thus,identification and subsequent characterization of receptacle-expressed genes may shed light on novel developmental processes or provide insight into how developmental regulation differs between receptacle-derived and ovary-derived fruits.Further,since fruit and flower tissues are the last organs to form on a plant,the development of receptacle fruitspecific promoters may provide useful molecular tools for research and application.In this work,we mined previously generated RNA-Seq datasets and identified 589 genes preferentially expressed in the strawberry receptacle versus all other profiled tissues.Promoters of a select subset of the 589 genes were isolated and their activities tested using a GUS transcriptional reporter.These promoters may now be used by the F.vesca research community for a variety of purposes,including driving expression of tissue-specific reporters,RNAi constructs,or specific genes to manipulate fruit development.Further,identified genes with receptacle-specific expression patterns,including MADS-Box and KNOX family transcription factors,are potential key regulators of fleshy fruit development and attractive candidates for functional characterization.