Feature Extraction to Polar Image

Some algorithms of feature extraction in existing literature studied for image processing was the gray image with one-dimensional parameter. However, some feature points’ extraction for three-dimensional color of polar image, such as the color edge extraction, inflection points, and so on, was urgently to be solved a polar color problem. For achieving quickly and accurately the color feature extraction to polar image, this paper proposed a similar region of color algorithm. The algorithm was compared to polar image, and the effect to color extraction was also described by the combination of the proposed and existing algorithms. Moreover, this paper gave the comparison of the proposed algorithm and an existing classical algorithm to extraction of color feature. These researches in this paper provided a powerful tool for polar image classification, color feature segmentation, precise recognition, and so on.

Super-enhancer receives signals from the extracellular matrix to induce PD-L1-mediated immune evasion via integrin/ BRAF/TAK1/ERK/ETV4 signaling

Objective:PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression levels determine immune evasion and the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade.The factors that drive inducible PD-L1 expression have been extensively studied,but mechanisms that result in constitutive PD-L1 expression in cancer cells are largely unknown.Methods:DNA elements were deleted in cells by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout.Protein function was inhibited by chemical inhibitors.Protein levels were examined by Western blot,mRNA levels were examined by real-time RT-PCR,and surface protein expression was determined by cellular immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.Immune evasion was examined by in vitro T cell-mediated killing.Results:We determined the core regions(chr9:5,496,378–5,499,663)of a previously identified PD-L1L2-super-enhancer(SE).Through systematic analysis,we found that the E26 transformation-specific(ETS)variant transcription factor(ETV4)bound to this core DNA region but not to DNA surrounding PD-L1L2SE.Genetic knockout of ETV4 dramatically reduced the expressions of both PD-L1 and PD-L2.ETV4 transcription was dependent on ERK activation,and BRAF/TAK1-induced ERK activation was dependent on extracellular signaling fromαvβ3 integrin,which profoundly affected ETV4 transcription and PD-L1/L2 expression.Genetic silencing or pharmacological inhibition of components of the PD-L1L2-SE-associated pathway rendered cancer cells susceptible to T cell-mediated killing.Conclusions:We identified a pathway originating from the extracellular matrix that signaled via integrin/BRAF/TAK1/ERK/ETV4 to PD-L1L2-SE to induce PD-L1-mediated immune evasion.These results provided new insights into PD-L1L2-SE activation and pathways associated with immune checkpoint regulation in cancer.

Application of FRS on Target Recognition

In order to let machine better imitate thinking method of people to perform recognition and classification for fuzzy and uncertain thing, this paper puts forward a fuzzy and rough association method to deal with the problem. However, the application of fuzzy rough sets (FRS) will be introduced mainly on pattern recognition. Some related theories on FRS would be discussed, and some fuzzy rough mathematical methods on pattern-recognition will be given. Then, concrete applications of FRS on image processing and recognition will be introduced. Simulation result signifies that this fuzzy and rough association method is not only fast but also closer to nature attribute of thing for processing and recognizing image by comparing with the single neural network and other recognition device. The recognition rate is about 95.78%.