Enhancement of Soil Discharge Channels on Potential Surrounding Buried Cables Under Impulsive Currents

Substations have a large number of signal transmission cables beneath the ground.Both the insulation safety and signal reliability of the cables are affected severely by the electromagnetic field.Under high-amplitude impulsive currents,the dispersion of currents can cause soil discharge and thus cause unexpected distortions in an electromagnetic field.This paper focuses on the distortions of the electric field.In general,soil discharge channels occur in the vicinity of the independent rod.Closer development of the channel might enhance the electric field distribution and the potential surrounding the outer insulation of the cables(i.e.the surface potential on the cable).Therefore,this paper establishes a platform for observing the soil discharge channel and measuring the surface potential.Direction characteristic of the channel is extracted from the captured image of soil discharge channels and the surface potential is obtained by the measured coupling capacitive current on the shield experimentally.This paper also presents an improved model considering a dynamic growing discharge channel for the transient analysis of the grounding electrode.Study results show the surface potential increases as the discharge channel approaches the cable.To quantify this enhancement effect,the ratio of the highest to the lowest value of surface potential in different directions is taken as the multiple of the surface potential increase.The calculated multiples of the surface potential increase are in the range of 1 to 1.64 times under different conditions by the improved model.Therefore,taking the soil discharge channel into account is helpful to accurately analyze the impulsive interference of buried cables.

Peptide WCPFSRSF ameliorates excitotoxicity and elevates synaptic plasticity in glutamate-damaged SH-SY5Y cells by modulating the PI3K/mTOR/EIF4E and BDNF/CREB/TrkB pathways

The purpose of this study was to illustrate the beneficial effects and underlying mechanisms of peptide Trp-Cys-Pro-Phe-Ser-Arg-Ser-Phe (WCPFSRSF) against excitotoxicity by transcriptome analysis combined with western blot in glutamate-treated neuronal cells.Our results demonstrated that WCPFSRSF restored the cell membrane damage induced by glutamate and promoted cell survival in SH-SY5Y cells.The RNA-sequencing analysis illustrated 376 genes (98 upregulated and 278 downregulated) were differentially expressed between the glutamate- and WCPFSRSF-treated cells.Furthermore,RNA-sequencing screening and further western blot results showed that WCPFSRSF regulated cAMP-related signaling and synapse-related function,which further promoted the translation and protein synthesis,followed by cell survival,neurotrophic pathway and long-term memory.The potential mechanisms of WCPFSRSF were related to the Akt/mTOR/EIF4E signaling pathway and CREB/TrkB/BDNF pathway.Taken together,our study demonstrated that WCPFSRSF could be used as a regulator for synaptic plasticity and neurotrophic-related pathway,which provided evidence that WCPFSRSF is a promising therapeutic strategy for neuroprotection and memory enhancement.