Kaempferol improves glucose uptake in skeletal muscle via an AMPK-dependent mechanism

Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type-2 diabetes(T2D)pathogenesis.Because skeletal muscle(SkM)is the major tissue for insulin-mediated glucose disposal,insulin resistance in SkM is considered a major risk factor for developing T2D.Thus,the identifi cation of compounds that enhance the ability of SkM to take up glucose is a promising strategy for preventing T2D.Our previous work showed that kaempferol,a fl avonol present in many foods,improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice,however,the mechanism underlying this beneficial action remains unclear.Here,we show that kaempferol directly stimulates glucose uptake and prevents lipotoxicity-impaired glucose uptake in primary human SkM.Kaempferol stimulates Akt phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner in human SkM cells.The effect of kaempferol on glucose uptake was blunted by inhibition of glucose transporter 4,phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K),or AMPK.In addition,kaempferol induced AMPK phosphorylation,and inhibition of AMPK prevented kaempferol-stimulated Akt phosphorylation.In vivo,kaempferol administration induced rapid glucose disposal accompanied with increased Akt and AMPK phosphorylation in SkM tissue of the mice.Taken together,these fi ndings suggest that kaempferol stimulates glucose uptake in SkM via an AMPK/Akt dependent mechanism,and it may be a viable therapeutic agent for insulin resistance.

节流圈位置对蒸汽干燥器工作性能的影响研究

本文利用CFD方法分析了蒸汽干燥器内流场特性,并讨论了饱和蒸汽管路节流圈位置对蒸汽干燥器工作性能的影响。结果表明,过热蒸汽和饱和蒸汽流量比是影响干燥器出口蒸汽干度的重要因素,随着下游用户蒸汽耗量的增加,过热蒸汽与饱和蒸汽流量比和出口过热度增大,干燥器存在临界用户耗气量,当下游用户耗气量低于临界流量后,干燥器出口蒸汽干度为0。节流圈位置对干燥器工作性能的影响不可忽略,在本文模拟的工况下,节流圈与过热蒸汽管路中心线距离由40 mm增大到300 mm后,干燥器的临界用户耗气量增大了21.23%。

燃油电加热器内部温度场数值模拟

本文利用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对某型燃油加热器进行了数值计算。考虑浮升力作用的自然对流换热及燃油流动带来的强制对流换热,研究了不同布置方案对燃油加热器内部温度场分布的影响,结果表明:当进口在上方时,出口温度要高于其他工况。最后进行了电加热器非稳态流场的计算,分析了电加热器静态预热温度场,给出了电加热器预热的时间范围,并结合非稳态温度场结果分析了监测点布置方案。

Technology of Extracting Kiwi Fruit Seed Oil with Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzyme and Response Surface Method

Taken kiwi fruit as raw material, this paper extracted kiwi fruit seed oil with ultrasonic-assisted enzyme, researched the influence of factors such as liquid-to-solid ratio, granularity, type of enzyme, ultrasonic power, treating time, enzymolysis temperature, enzymolysis time, pH and enzyme additive on oil extraction, and optimized the extracting technology of kiwi fruit seed oil with response surface method. The result shows that the best technical parameter is: material granularity: 60, liquid-to-solid ratio: 1:10 (g/mL), ultrasonic power: 400 W, treating time: 30 min, enzyme amount: 2.50%, pH: 9.2, enzymolysis temperature: 53°C, enzymolysis time: 2.80 h;and the extracting ratio under such condition is 92.57%.

Preparation of Microcapsules and Half Life of the Kiwi Fruit Seed Oil by Complex Coacervation

The experiment adopts complex coacervation to prepare microcapsules. Through the experimental comparison, soybean protein isolated-maltodextrin is determined as the wall material for the experimental preparation of the microcapsules of kiwi fruit seed oil. This paper researched the effects of wall material concentration, core wall ratio and other factors on complex coacervation of kiwi fruit seed oil microcapsules embedding rate, determining that the best wall material concentration is 1%, core wall ratio is 1:1, and the optimum pH ratio is 3.0, temperature is 40°C, and the optimum curing time is 6 hours. The experiment carried out half life research on the microcapsules prepared by the complex coacervation of kiwi fruit seed oil microcapsule. By calculation: the degradation rate constant of kiwi fruit seed oil microcapsules prepared by complex coacervation is 2.793. According to the regression equation it can calculate the half life of kiwi fruit seed oil microcapsules is 18.58 months, about a year and a half.

能谱CT单能量联合ASIR-V优化下腔静脉成像的最佳方案探索

目的探索能谱CT单能量联合多模型自适应统计迭代重建(ASIR-V)优化下腔静脉成像的最佳方案。方法回顾性收集2021年8月至2022年4月于哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院采用Revolution CT行下腔静脉CT静脉造影(CTV)检查的下腔静脉病变轻微或无病变患者的临床资料。将入选患者下腔静脉期图像重建为混合能量组图像及50、55、60、65、70 keV 5组单能量图像,测量5组单能量图像皮下脂肪噪声以及下腔静脉各段CT值、信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR),并进行主观评分,以确定最佳单能量能级。然后,分别联合不同权重(20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%)ASIR-V算法进行重建,对不同ASIR-V权重组及混合能量组图像进行客观评价指标及主观评分,以确定匹配最佳单能量能级的最佳ASIR-V权重。结果共纳入患者30例,其中男性11例(36.7%),年龄(55.4±8.8)岁,体重指数为(23.2±2.8)kg/m^(2)。各单能量组图像皮下脂肪噪声、下腔静脉各段客观评价指标差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),各客观评价指标均随能级降低而升高,50 keV组获得最大值,2位医师对5组图像的主观评分一致性均为好(均κ≥0.75),60 keV组的主观评分最高,综合分析以60 keV为最佳单能量能级。7组最佳单能量联合不同权重ASIR-V图像组的客观评价指标与混合能量组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01),随着ASIR-V权重升高图像噪声降低(均P<0.01),以80%ASIR-V权重组为最低;下腔静脉各段CT值差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);下腔静脉各段SNR、CNR随着ASIR-V权重增加而升高(均P<0.01),以80%ASIR-V权重组为最高。2位医师对8组图像的主观评分一致性均为好(均κ≥0.75),60%ASIR-V权重组的主观评分最高,综合分析以60%为匹配60 keV的最佳ASIR-V权重。结论能谱CT单能量联合ASIR-V优化下腔静脉成像的最佳方案是60 keV能级匹配60%的ASIR-V权重。