There are five most widely used contact angle schemes in the pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann(LB)model for simulating the wetting phenomenon:The pseudopotential-based scheme(PB scheme),the improved virtualdensity sch...There are five most widely used contact angle schemes in the pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann(LB)model for simulating the wetting phenomenon:The pseudopotential-based scheme(PB scheme),the improved virtualdensity scheme(IVD scheme),the modified pseudopotential-based scheme with a ghost fluid layer constructed by using the fluid layer density above the wall(MPB-C scheme),the modified pseudopotential-based scheme with a ghost fluid layer constructed by using the weighted average density of surrounding fluid nodes(MPB-W scheme)and the geometric formulation scheme(GF scheme).But the numerical stability and accuracy of the schemes for wetting simulation remain unclear in the past.In this paper,the numerical stability and accuracy of these schemes are clarified for the first time,by applying the five widely used contact angle schemes to simulate a two-dimensional(2D)sessile droplet on wall and capillary imbibition in a 2D channel as the examples of static wetting and dynamic wetting simulations respectively.(i)It is shown that the simulated contact angles by the GF scheme are consistent at different density ratios for the same prescribed contact angle,but the simulated contact angles by the PB scheme,IVD scheme,MPB-C scheme and MPB-W scheme change with density ratios for the same fluid-solid interaction strength.The PB scheme is found to be the most unstable scheme for simulating static wetting at increased density ratios.(ii)Although the spurious velocity increases with the increased liquid/vapor density ratio for all the contact angle schemes,the magnitude of the spurious velocity in the PB scheme,IVD scheme and GF scheme are smaller than that in the MPB-C scheme and MPB-W scheme.(iii)The fluid density variation near the wall in the PB scheme is the most significant,and the variation can be diminished in the IVD scheme,MPB-C scheme andMPBWscheme.The variation totally disappeared in the GF scheme.(iv)For the simulation of capillary imbibition,the MPB-C scheme,MPB-Wscheme and GF scheme simulate the dynamics of the liquid-vapor interface well,with the GF scheme being the most accurate.The accuracy of the IVD scheme is low at a small contact angle(44 degrees)but gets high at a large contact angle(60 degrees).However,the PB scheme is the most inaccurate in simulating the dynamics of the liquid-vapor interface.As a whole,it is most suggested to apply the GF scheme to simulate static wetting or dynamic wetting,while it is the least suggested to use the PB scheme to simulate static wetting or dynamic wetting.展开更多
Reduction of chlorogermylene MsFluindtBu-GeCl 1 with potassium graphite(KC8)afforded putative germylyne radical MsFluindtBu-Ge 2 as confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)spectroscopy.However,it slowly decay...Reduction of chlorogermylene MsFluindtBu-GeCl 1 with potassium graphite(KC8)afforded putative germylyne radical MsFluindtBu-Ge 2 as confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)spectroscopy.However,it slowly decayed via C—H bond activation at the fluorenyl moiety to yield a bis(germylene)3 at room temperature.By using a Lewis base to stabilize the unoccupied p orbital at the GeⅠradical center,acyclic two-coordinate GeⅠradicals MsFluindtBu-Ge(IMe4)4(IMe4=1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene),MsFluindtBu-Ge(IiPr)5(IiPr=1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene),MsFluindtBu-Ge(PMe3)6 were isolated in crystalline forms.The unpaired electron in 4-6 mainly resides at the Ge 4p orbital as revealed by EPR spectroscopic studies and theoretical calculations.Interestingly,facile ligand exchange of PMe3 in 6 with IMe4 and IiPr was observed to afford 4 and 5,respectively.Moreover,phosphinogermylyne 6 reacted with PhEEPh(E=S,Se),4-tetrabutylphenylacetylene(Ar'CCH),[CpMo(CO)3]2 and nBu3SnH to furnish germylenes MsFluindtBu-GeEPh(E=S 7,Se 8),MsFluindtBu-GeCH=CHAr'9,a germylyne complex MsFluindtBu-Ge≡Mo(CO)2Cp 10 and a Ge(Ⅳ)compound MsFluindtBu-GeH2SnnBu311,respectively.The reactivity studies demonstrate that 6 can act as a synthon of one-coordinate germylyne radical attributing to labile coordination of trimethylphosphine.展开更多
In the field of noble metal-catalyzed alcohol electro-oxidation reaction(AOR),huge attention is paid on the composition,size,facet,and structure of the metals,while the support engineering should also be emphasized.Ce...In the field of noble metal-catalyzed alcohol electro-oxidation reaction(AOR),huge attention is paid on the composition,size,facet,and structure of the metals,while the support engineering should also be emphasized.CeO_(2)has been widely used as a unique support in AOR,primarily due to its abundant oxygen vacancies(O_(v)).Herein,we report CeO_(2)·xH_(2)O nanoparticles with both massive hydroxyl groups(OH)and O_(v)remarkably enhance the catalytic activity and stability of Pd toward ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR).The CO striping experiments and density functional theory(DFT)calculations suggest that OH and O_(v)on CeO_(2)·xH_(2)O surface bring about a large downshift of Pd d-band center and a significant weakening of CO absorption on Pd.Moreover,OH and O_(v)also play synergic roles in the removal of toxic intermediates.Consequently,the important roles of OH and O_(v)of CeO_(2)·xH_(2)O are confirmed in Pd-catalyzed EOR.The facile CeO_(2)·xH_(2)O-enhanced strategy can contribute to the catalyst design for other energy conversion reactions.展开更多
Knee Osteoarthritis(KOA)is the most common type of knee joint injury and also a risk factor for multiple health consequences and is prevalent among older women.The updated clinical guidelines for KOA treatment by the ...Knee Osteoarthritis(KOA)is the most common type of knee joint injury and also a risk factor for multiple health consequences and is prevalent among older women.The updated clinical guidelines for KOA treatment by the American Rheumatism Association recommend Tai Chi exercise.However,a literature review outlined limitations in Tai Chi intervention implementations.This study aimed to address some of the gaps.This study selected thirty female patients to participate in Tai Chi exercises and undergo relevant tests.The subjects were randomly assigned to Tai Chi or education groups.Independent sample t-tests were conducted to compare the difference in health indicators between the two groups after the intervention.The difference-in-differences(DID)regression was performed to assess the difference in the health outcomes between the two groups at baseline and follow-up and the difference in the differences.After the completion of the intervention,the Tai Chi group reported significantly improved KOA symptoms,physical fitness,and health status indicators than the control group.Specifically,the group differences were significantly larger at the baseline than at the follow-up.Our findings provide compelling evidence of the effects of the innovative Tai Chi exercise prescription specifically designed for KOA patients.The empirical evidence on its effectiveness in alleviating KOA symptoms and improving the overall health of middle-aged and elderly women with KOA suggested that Tai Chi intervention exercise has huge prospects for integration in KOA rehabilitation therapy.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Physical fitness is well documented to be associated with physical activity among adults in the United States.In China,research on this association places a heavier empha...Summary What is already known about this topic?Physical fitness is well documented to be associated with physical activity among adults in the United States.In China,research on this association places a heavier emphasis on the populations of children and adolescents.What is added by this report?Physical fitness was shown to be positively associated with physical activity among adults aged 40 to 79 years in China.In populations with lower levels of physical fitness,this association was stronger.The coefficients of the log-transformed metabolic equivalent value of physical activity(logPA)in quantile regression models at the 25th,50th,75th,and 90th percentile of the physical fitness indicators were 1.14,1.04,0.89,and 0.84,respectively.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Available evidence suggested that 31%of the world’s population do not meet the minimum recommendations for physical activity.What is added by this report?The latest find...Summary What is already known about this topic?Available evidence suggested that 31%of the world’s population do not meet the minimum recommendations for physical activity.What is added by this report?The latest findings showed that physical activity level(PAL),metabolic equivalents(MET)in min/week with<4,500(low),4,500–6,000(moderate)and≥6,000(high)accounted for 45.72%,25.62%,and 28.66%of middle-aged and elderly population in Changchunyuan Community,Weixiuyuan Community,Zhongguanyuan Community,Yanbeiyuan Community,Kangzeyuan Community,and Xima Community,respectively.The moderate and high PAL was associated with a decreased risk of hypertension,cardiovascular disease,dyslipidemia,and poor sleep.What are the implications for public health practice?More attention should be given to the middle-aged population who may be at high risk of insufficient physical activity in urban environments as it is of public health significance for improving the community population health.展开更多
Summary What is already known on this topic?Prior studies found that fall events were associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms and a lower level of social functioning and social participation.In addition,...Summary What is already known on this topic?Prior studies found that fall events were associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms and a lower level of social functioning and social participation.In addition,social participation has also been significantly associated with better conditions of depressive symptoms.What is added by this report?展开更多
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52206101Shanghai Sailing Program under Grant No.20YF1431200the Experiments for Space Exploration Program and the Qian Xuesen Laboratory,China Academy of Space Technology under Grant No.TKTSPY-2020-01-01.
文摘There are five most widely used contact angle schemes in the pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann(LB)model for simulating the wetting phenomenon:The pseudopotential-based scheme(PB scheme),the improved virtualdensity scheme(IVD scheme),the modified pseudopotential-based scheme with a ghost fluid layer constructed by using the fluid layer density above the wall(MPB-C scheme),the modified pseudopotential-based scheme with a ghost fluid layer constructed by using the weighted average density of surrounding fluid nodes(MPB-W scheme)and the geometric formulation scheme(GF scheme).But the numerical stability and accuracy of the schemes for wetting simulation remain unclear in the past.In this paper,the numerical stability and accuracy of these schemes are clarified for the first time,by applying the five widely used contact angle schemes to simulate a two-dimensional(2D)sessile droplet on wall and capillary imbibition in a 2D channel as the examples of static wetting and dynamic wetting simulations respectively.(i)It is shown that the simulated contact angles by the GF scheme are consistent at different density ratios for the same prescribed contact angle,but the simulated contact angles by the PB scheme,IVD scheme,MPB-C scheme and MPB-W scheme change with density ratios for the same fluid-solid interaction strength.The PB scheme is found to be the most unstable scheme for simulating static wetting at increased density ratios.(ii)Although the spurious velocity increases with the increased liquid/vapor density ratio for all the contact angle schemes,the magnitude of the spurious velocity in the PB scheme,IVD scheme and GF scheme are smaller than that in the MPB-C scheme and MPB-W scheme.(iii)The fluid density variation near the wall in the PB scheme is the most significant,and the variation can be diminished in the IVD scheme,MPB-C scheme andMPBWscheme.The variation totally disappeared in the GF scheme.(iv)For the simulation of capillary imbibition,the MPB-C scheme,MPB-Wscheme and GF scheme simulate the dynamics of the liquid-vapor interface well,with the GF scheme being the most accurate.The accuracy of the IVD scheme is low at a small contact angle(44 degrees)but gets high at a large contact angle(60 degrees).However,the PB scheme is the most inaccurate in simulating the dynamics of the liquid-vapor interface.As a whole,it is most suggested to apply the GF scheme to simulate static wetting or dynamic wetting,while it is the least suggested to use the PB scheme to simulate static wetting or dynamic wetting.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants:22322112 and 22071164)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University (23qnpy35)+2 种基金the Suzhou Science&Technology NOVA Program (Grant:ZXL2022445)for generous financial supportL.Z.thanks Guangxi University of Science and Technology (03190227 and 03190228)the Guangxi Department of Science and Technology (2021GXNSFBA220021)for financial support.
文摘Reduction of chlorogermylene MsFluindtBu-GeCl 1 with potassium graphite(KC8)afforded putative germylyne radical MsFluindtBu-Ge 2 as confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)spectroscopy.However,it slowly decayed via C—H bond activation at the fluorenyl moiety to yield a bis(germylene)3 at room temperature.By using a Lewis base to stabilize the unoccupied p orbital at the GeⅠradical center,acyclic two-coordinate GeⅠradicals MsFluindtBu-Ge(IMe4)4(IMe4=1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene),MsFluindtBu-Ge(IiPr)5(IiPr=1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene),MsFluindtBu-Ge(PMe3)6 were isolated in crystalline forms.The unpaired electron in 4-6 mainly resides at the Ge 4p orbital as revealed by EPR spectroscopic studies and theoretical calculations.Interestingly,facile ligand exchange of PMe3 in 6 with IMe4 and IiPr was observed to afford 4 and 5,respectively.Moreover,phosphinogermylyne 6 reacted with PhEEPh(E=S,Se),4-tetrabutylphenylacetylene(Ar'CCH),[CpMo(CO)3]2 and nBu3SnH to furnish germylenes MsFluindtBu-GeEPh(E=S 7,Se 8),MsFluindtBu-GeCH=CHAr'9,a germylyne complex MsFluindtBu-Ge≡Mo(CO)2Cp 10 and a Ge(Ⅳ)compound MsFluindtBu-GeH2SnnBu311,respectively.The reactivity studies demonstrate that 6 can act as a synthon of one-coordinate germylyne radical attributing to labile coordination of trimethylphosphine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875125,22161033)the 111 Project(D20033)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(2017JQ03)“Grassland Talent”Program“Grassland Talent”Innovation Team of Inner Mongolia。
文摘In the field of noble metal-catalyzed alcohol electro-oxidation reaction(AOR),huge attention is paid on the composition,size,facet,and structure of the metals,while the support engineering should also be emphasized.CeO_(2)has been widely used as a unique support in AOR,primarily due to its abundant oxygen vacancies(O_(v)).Herein,we report CeO_(2)·xH_(2)O nanoparticles with both massive hydroxyl groups(OH)and O_(v)remarkably enhance the catalytic activity and stability of Pd toward ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR).The CO striping experiments and density functional theory(DFT)calculations suggest that OH and O_(v)on CeO_(2)·xH_(2)O surface bring about a large downshift of Pd d-band center and a significant weakening of CO absorption on Pd.Moreover,OH and O_(v)also play synergic roles in the removal of toxic intermediates.Consequently,the important roles of OH and O_(v)of CeO_(2)·xH_(2)O are confirmed in Pd-catalyzed EOR.The facile CeO_(2)·xH_(2)O-enhanced strategy can contribute to the catalyst design for other energy conversion reactions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[2018YFC2000603].
文摘Knee Osteoarthritis(KOA)is the most common type of knee joint injury and also a risk factor for multiple health consequences and is prevalent among older women.The updated clinical guidelines for KOA treatment by the American Rheumatism Association recommend Tai Chi exercise.However,a literature review outlined limitations in Tai Chi intervention implementations.This study aimed to address some of the gaps.This study selected thirty female patients to participate in Tai Chi exercises and undergo relevant tests.The subjects were randomly assigned to Tai Chi or education groups.Independent sample t-tests were conducted to compare the difference in health indicators between the two groups after the intervention.The difference-in-differences(DID)regression was performed to assess the difference in the health outcomes between the two groups at baseline and follow-up and the difference in the differences.After the completion of the intervention,the Tai Chi group reported significantly improved KOA symptoms,physical fitness,and health status indicators than the control group.Specifically,the group differences were significantly larger at the baseline than at the follow-up.Our findings provide compelling evidence of the effects of the innovative Tai Chi exercise prescription specifically designed for KOA patients.The empirical evidence on its effectiveness in alleviating KOA symptoms and improving the overall health of middle-aged and elderly women with KOA suggested that Tai Chi intervention exercise has huge prospects for integration in KOA rehabilitation therapy.
基金Supported by the grant from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC2000603).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Physical fitness is well documented to be associated with physical activity among adults in the United States.In China,research on this association places a heavier emphasis on the populations of children and adolescents.What is added by this report?Physical fitness was shown to be positively associated with physical activity among adults aged 40 to 79 years in China.In populations with lower levels of physical fitness,this association was stronger.The coefficients of the log-transformed metabolic equivalent value of physical activity(logPA)in quantile regression models at the 25th,50th,75th,and 90th percentile of the physical fitness indicators were 1.14,1.04,0.89,and 0.84,respectively.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC2000603).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Available evidence suggested that 31%of the world’s population do not meet the minimum recommendations for physical activity.What is added by this report?The latest findings showed that physical activity level(PAL),metabolic equivalents(MET)in min/week with<4,500(low),4,500–6,000(moderate)and≥6,000(high)accounted for 45.72%,25.62%,and 28.66%of middle-aged and elderly population in Changchunyuan Community,Weixiuyuan Community,Zhongguanyuan Community,Yanbeiyuan Community,Kangzeyuan Community,and Xima Community,respectively.The moderate and high PAL was associated with a decreased risk of hypertension,cardiovascular disease,dyslipidemia,and poor sleep.What are the implications for public health practice?More attention should be given to the middle-aged population who may be at high risk of insufficient physical activity in urban environments as it is of public health significance for improving the community population health.
基金Funded by the China’s National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFC 2000603).
文摘Summary What is already known on this topic?Prior studies found that fall events were associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms and a lower level of social functioning and social participation.In addition,social participation has also been significantly associated with better conditions of depressive symptoms.What is added by this report?