Purpose: To study the safety and efficacy of 1/3-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) for subacute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods: In this case series, 59 eyes (59 patients) diagnosed with suba...Purpose: To study the safety and efficacy of 1/3-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) for subacute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods: In this case series, 59 eyes (59 patients) diagnosed with subacute CSC in Shenyang the 4th hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 were treated with 1/3-dose verteporfin PDT and followed up for at least 1 year. The symptoms and the diagnosed history were more than 3 months but shorter than 6 months. The central foveal thickness (CFT), neuroretinal thickness (NRT), height of subfoveal retinal fluid (SRF), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) were observed at baseline and after treated at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months with EDI-OCT, Best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA) was also studied at the same time. Results: After 1, 2, 3 and 6 months of 1/3-dose verteporfin PDT treatment, the BCVA improved significantly (P 0.05). The height of SRF changed significantly. There was no retinal pigment epithelium atrophy and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in all cases after more than 12 months follow-up. Conclusion: Treatment of 1/3 dose verteporfin PDT could safely and effectively reduce expansion of choroidal vessel and choroidal choriocapillary, promoting absorbance of subretinal fluid for subacute CSC. 1/3-dose verteporfin PDT may be an alternative method to treat the subacute CSC.展开更多
Purpose: To evaluate the short-term efficacy of intravitreal anti-VEGF (Lucentis) and sub-tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with multifocal choroiditis (MC). ...Purpose: To evaluate the short-term efficacy of intravitreal anti-VEGF (Lucentis) and sub-tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with multifocal choroiditis (MC). Methods: Eight eyes of 8 patients treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF and posterior sub-tenon injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide (TA) for subfoveal or juxtafoveal CNV associated with MC were retrospectively reviewed. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), results of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA)/indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline and 3, 6 months after treatment were compared. Results: All of the 8 patients showed significant improvement in BCVA at 3 and 6 months after treatment (P < 0.05). FFA/ICGA showed decrease or cessation of inflammation in 8 patients (100%). 7 patients (87.5%) had no significant active leakage while 1 patient (12.5%) had persistent leakage from the neovascular lesion at 3-month follow up. 6 months after treatment, no recurrence of inflammation occurred and no active leakage in all 8 patients. OCT showed reduced CNV area and alleviated edema. There are no severe treatment-related side effects expect slight eye pain during infusion in one patient. Intraocular pressure was all normal in follow up. Conclusion: Although the follow-up time and the number of patients in this study were limited, the use of intravitreal anti-VEGF combined with sub-tenon injection of TA was associated with improvement of visual acuity in patients with CNV secondary to MC. Further studies including a greater number of patients with longer follow up time are needed.展开更多
Click chemistry has been proven to be very useful in drug delivery.Due to the availability of a large number of click reactions with a various characteristics,selection of appropriate chemistry for a given application...Click chemistry has been proven to be very useful in drug delivery.Due to the availability of a large number of click reactions with a various characteristics,selection of appropriate chemistry for a given application is often not a trivial task.This review is written for pharmaceutical researchers who are interested in click chemistry applications and yet may not be click chemistry experts.For this,the review gives an overview of available click reactions organized by application types.Further,the general understanding of click reactions being fast and high yielding sometimes overshadows the need to analyze reaction kinetics in assessing suitability of a given reaction for certain applications.For this,we highlight the need to analyze the relationship among reaction kinetics,concentration effects,and reaction time scales,knowing that lack of such analysis could easily lead to failures.Further,possible issues such as chemical stability with various click reagents are also discussed to aid experimental designs.Recent examples and extensive references are also provided to aid in-depth understanding of technical details.We hope this review will help those interested in using click chemistry in drug delivery to select the appropriate reactions/reagents and minimize the number of pitfalls.展开更多
The entanglement distribution network connects remote users by sharing entanglement resources,which is essential for realizing quantum internet.We propose a photonic-reconfigurable entanglement distribution network(PR...The entanglement distribution network connects remote users by sharing entanglement resources,which is essential for realizing quantum internet.We propose a photonic-reconfigurable entanglement distribution network(PR-EDN)based on a silicon quantum photonic chip.The entanglement resources are generated by a quantum light source array based on spontaneous four-wave mixing in silicon waveguides and distributed to different users through time-reversed Hong–Ou–Mandel interference by on-chip Mach–Zehnder interferometers with thermo-optic phase shifters(TOPSs).A chip sample is designed and fabricated,supporting a PR-EDN with3 subnets and 24 users.The network topology of the PR-EDN could be reconfigured in three network states by controlling the quantum interference through the TOPSs,which is demonstrated experimentally.Furthermore,a reconfigurable entanglement-based quantum key distribution network is realized as an application of the PR-EDN.The reconfigurable network topology makes the PR-EDN suitable for future quantum networks requiring complicated network control and management.Moreover,it is also shown that silicon quantum photonic chips have great potential for large-scale PR-EDN,thanks to their capacities for generating and manipulating plenty of entanglement resources.展开更多
文摘Purpose: To study the safety and efficacy of 1/3-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) for subacute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods: In this case series, 59 eyes (59 patients) diagnosed with subacute CSC in Shenyang the 4th hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 were treated with 1/3-dose verteporfin PDT and followed up for at least 1 year. The symptoms and the diagnosed history were more than 3 months but shorter than 6 months. The central foveal thickness (CFT), neuroretinal thickness (NRT), height of subfoveal retinal fluid (SRF), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) were observed at baseline and after treated at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months with EDI-OCT, Best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA) was also studied at the same time. Results: After 1, 2, 3 and 6 months of 1/3-dose verteporfin PDT treatment, the BCVA improved significantly (P 0.05). The height of SRF changed significantly. There was no retinal pigment epithelium atrophy and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in all cases after more than 12 months follow-up. Conclusion: Treatment of 1/3 dose verteporfin PDT could safely and effectively reduce expansion of choroidal vessel and choroidal choriocapillary, promoting absorbance of subretinal fluid for subacute CSC. 1/3-dose verteporfin PDT may be an alternative method to treat the subacute CSC.
文摘Purpose: To evaluate the short-term efficacy of intravitreal anti-VEGF (Lucentis) and sub-tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with multifocal choroiditis (MC). Methods: Eight eyes of 8 patients treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF and posterior sub-tenon injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide (TA) for subfoveal or juxtafoveal CNV associated with MC were retrospectively reviewed. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), results of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA)/indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline and 3, 6 months after treatment were compared. Results: All of the 8 patients showed significant improvement in BCVA at 3 and 6 months after treatment (P < 0.05). FFA/ICGA showed decrease or cessation of inflammation in 8 patients (100%). 7 patients (87.5%) had no significant active leakage while 1 patient (12.5%) had persistent leakage from the neovascular lesion at 3-month follow up. 6 months after treatment, no recurrence of inflammation occurred and no active leakage in all 8 patients. OCT showed reduced CNV area and alleviated edema. There are no severe treatment-related side effects expect slight eye pain during infusion in one patient. Intraocular pressure was all normal in follow up. Conclusion: Although the follow-up time and the number of patients in this study were limited, the use of intravitreal anti-VEGF combined with sub-tenon injection of TA was associated with improvement of visual acuity in patients with CNV secondary to MC. Further studies including a greater number of patients with longer follow up time are needed.
基金financial support from the National Institutes of Health(DK119202,CO and colitisDK128823,CO and acute kidney injury)+2 种基金the Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar endowment fundinternal resources at Georgia State Universitythe support of the Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics through a graduate CDT fellowship。
文摘Click chemistry has been proven to be very useful in drug delivery.Due to the availability of a large number of click reactions with a various characteristics,selection of appropriate chemistry for a given application is often not a trivial task.This review is written for pharmaceutical researchers who are interested in click chemistry applications and yet may not be click chemistry experts.For this,the review gives an overview of available click reactions organized by application types.Further,the general understanding of click reactions being fast and high yielding sometimes overshadows the need to analyze reaction kinetics in assessing suitability of a given reaction for certain applications.For this,we highlight the need to analyze the relationship among reaction kinetics,concentration effects,and reaction time scales,knowing that lack of such analysis could easily lead to failures.Further,possible issues such as chemical stability with various click reagents are also discussed to aid experimental designs.Recent examples and extensive references are also provided to aid in-depth understanding of technical details.We hope this review will help those interested in using click chemistry in drug delivery to select the appropriate reactions/reagents and minimize the number of pitfalls.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFB2200400)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (Z180012)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (61875101,91750206)Tsinghua Initiative Scientific Research Program。
文摘The entanglement distribution network connects remote users by sharing entanglement resources,which is essential for realizing quantum internet.We propose a photonic-reconfigurable entanglement distribution network(PR-EDN)based on a silicon quantum photonic chip.The entanglement resources are generated by a quantum light source array based on spontaneous four-wave mixing in silicon waveguides and distributed to different users through time-reversed Hong–Ou–Mandel interference by on-chip Mach–Zehnder interferometers with thermo-optic phase shifters(TOPSs).A chip sample is designed and fabricated,supporting a PR-EDN with3 subnets and 24 users.The network topology of the PR-EDN could be reconfigured in three network states by controlling the quantum interference through the TOPSs,which is demonstrated experimentally.Furthermore,a reconfigurable entanglement-based quantum key distribution network is realized as an application of the PR-EDN.The reconfigurable network topology makes the PR-EDN suitable for future quantum networks requiring complicated network control and management.Moreover,it is also shown that silicon quantum photonic chips have great potential for large-scale PR-EDN,thanks to their capacities for generating and manipulating plenty of entanglement resources.
