Ethical Reflection on the Emergency Engineering Management of COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control

1.引言新冠肺炎防控是复杂的系统工程,每一个环节都必须紧紧相扣,工作十分艰巨,特别是应急工程管理面临着巨大挑战。如将抗击新冠肺炎的过程看作一场大规模的道德实践[1],可以将参与其中的利益相关者按照角色归为属地决策者、医学科学家、医务工作者、社会公众等不同群体。不同的利益相关者群体承担不同的社会义务和职业责任,也享有相应的权力和利益。

A Cognitive Perspective on the Safety Communication Factors That Affect Worker Behavior

Communication is vital for construction safety, but how it influences unsafe behavior in the work-place remains unclear. This study aims to explore the relationships between communication, cognitive failure, and unsafe behaviors in order to clarify those mechanics. We defined communication as management input, worker cognitive failure as process, and actual behaviors as management output. We collected data from three Chinese steel construction crews and utilized experience/behavior sampling and questionnaire surveys to collect project information. Bivariate statistical analyses were conducted to explain how communication affected unsafe behavior. The results showed that, rather than communication frequency, management communication style was significantly related to worker cognitive failure;specifically, communication style was related to perception of convenience and self-capacity, which could be upstream factors explaining unsafe behavior at the construction jobsite. This research provided statistical evidence supporting the hypothesized association among safety communication, cognitive failure, and behavior, bridging the missing gaps of previous research. Nonetheless, readers should interpret the results cautiously because of the limitations listed as follows. First, sample size is relatively small. In addition, crew turnover may mediate the relationship between communication and safe behaviors therefore, the impact of communication on cognitive failure can be blurred and a longitudinal study on specific crews working on the same job site could be used to evaluate it. Third, future research should focus on communication style, as it directly relates to the human cognitions that affect unsafe behavior at construction sites.

Attributes,challenges and future directions of community resilience

With the continuous development of human society, the damage to the natural environment is becoming increasingly large, causing crisis events to occur frequently. In recent years, the study of community resilience is becoming popular among scholars because of its perspective on disaster prevention and mitigation. In this study, we apply database retrieval to untangle community resilience-related papers from multiple directions. We analyze the connotation, attribute, and composition of community, resilience, and community resilience comprehensively by summarizing important issues and research progress in community resilience. Challenges and shortcomings faced by community resilience development are also determined. Moreover, we put forward the research directions that future research can focus on. Through literature review, current research on community resilience focuses on the following aspects: "infrastructure construction," "crowd in the community," "economic resilience,""social capital," and "measurement of community resilience." Such research is not yet systematic and relatively decentralized. The attention to collective resilience in the community is relatively weak, which makes achieving the goal of "people-oriented and systematic control" difficult.Therefore, this study states that the development of future community resilience should stand from the perspective of"system of system" and build on knowledge and tools of various relevant domains. Therefore, public needs and participation are highlighted as breakthrough points. The research should integrate infrastructure and economic resilience, social resource allocation, network connection,and other aspects to build a holistic and functional resilient community.

Quantification of disaster resilience in civil engineering:A review

Resistance to unexpected disasters and rapid post-disaster recovery(i.e.,disaster resilience)of cities are extremely necessary owing to the concentrated risk of urbanization.Resilience quantification can adequately reflect the capacity of a city to withstand disasters.Many existing studies have focused on and proposed several frameworks on the quantitative measures of disaster resilience,and the corresponding research objects include different types of disasters(e.g.,earthquake,hurricane,flood,and fire),various domains(e.g.,engineering,social,and economic),and multiple levels(e.g.,city,community,and building).Among these research objects,studies on seismic resilience in civil engineering are relatively comprehensive.Specifically,studies on resilience in civil engineering have paid significant attention to the dynamics of engineering facilities and the engineering-related social and economic functions,including city-scale engineering,social,and economic functionalities,and essential functionalities of building,transportation,lifeline,and nonphysical subsystems of a city.Consequently,based on the review of resilience studies carried out in recent years,the framework and specifications for the quantification of disaster resilience of civil engineering systems subjected to earthquakes and other unexpected disasters are elaborated.Methods of disaster resilience assessment of cities and the corresponding subsystems are discussed.Furthermore,several case studies are reviewed,and resilience limit-state analyses of communities and buildings are performed.

Special issue: City and infrastructure engineering and management

Urban and infrastructure systems are essential for the sustainable development of cities worldwide because they play a fundamental role in the provision of essential services,such as transport,communication,and health care,to support the basic livelihood of residents.