Simulation of Irrigation Water Loss Based on VSMB Model

The low degree of development and utilization as well as the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in Huangshui River basin are the main restricting factors of the local agricultural development. The study on the simulation of irrigation water loss based on the VSMB model has very important significance to strengthening regional water management and improving water resource utilization efficiency. Five groundwater wells were set up to carry out the farmland irrigation water infiltration and the experimental study on groundwater dynamic effect. Two soil moisture monitoring sites were set up in two typical plots of Daxia and Guanting irrigation area at the same time and TDR300 was used to monitor four kinds of deep soil moisture( 10 cm,30 cm,50 cm and 70 cm). On this basis,the VSMB model was used to study the irrigation water loss in the irrigation area of Yellow River valley of Qinghai Province,including soil moisture content,the actual evapotranspiration,infiltration,runoff,groundwater buried depth and so on. The results showed that the water consumption caused by soil evaporation and crop transpiration accounted for 46. 4% and 24. 1% of the total precipitation plus irrigation,respectively,and the leakage accounted for 30. 3% and 60. 6% of the total precipitation plus irrigation,respectively,from March 1,2013 to April 30,and from August 1 to September 30. The actual evaporation of the GT- TR1 and GT- TR2 sites in the whole year of 2013 was 632. 6 mm and 646. 9 mm,respectively,and the leakage accounted for 2. 6% and 1. 2% of the total precipitation plus irrigation,respectively. RMSE of the simulation results of the groundwater depth in Daxia irrigation area during the two periods was 92. 3 mm and 27. 7 mm,respectively. And RMSE of the simulation results of the water content of soil profile in the two monitoring sites of Guanting irrigation area was 2. 04% and 5. 81%,respectively,indicating that the simulation results were reliable.

Analysis of the Relation between Sun Motion Law and the Change of Earth’s Environment

We deduce and obtain the law of the motion of the sun by analyzing the law of motion between the moon, the earth, the sun, and the Polaris. Then we obtain the root of the change of earth’s environment from the law. Meanwhile we analyze the form of the present state of the universe movement and the conditions of energy homeostasis. It may provide reference value for related research.

In situ reduction strategy towards high conductivity,anti-freezing and super-stretchable rGO based hydrogel for diverse flexible electronics

Hydrogels electrolytes with flexibility and high conductivity have been widely used in kinds of flexible electronics.However,hydrogels always suffer from the inevitable freezing of water at subzero temperatures,which results in the sacrificing of their electrical properties.Herein,an anti-freezing,flexible hydrogel based on in situ reduction of graphene oxide(GO)and laponite has been developed as electrolyte for high performance supercapacitor and sensitive sensors.The crosslinked GO and laponite in polyacrylamide(PAM)resulted in an enhanced mechanical property,while the in-situ reduction of GO in the hydrogel enhanced the conductivity and diminishes the aggregated of GO.These features guarantee a reliable electro signal as sensor and a high performance of the supercapacitor.Besides,in the process of preparation of reduced graphene oxide(rGO)hydrogel,the addition of ethylene glycol(EG)and KOH,endows the hydrogel antifreeze properties.This anti-freezing electrolyte can be stretched to a strain of 1600%and maintained a specific capacitance of 37.38 F·g^(-1) at-20℃.In addition,the photothermal conversion character of rGO in the hydrogel,endows it’s the potential application in wound healing.The overall merits of the hydrogel will open up a new avenue for sensitive sensor and energy storage device in practical applications.

BnlR:A multi-omics database with various tools for Brassica napus research and breeding

In the post-genome-wide association study era,multi-omics techniques have shown great power and poten-tial for candidate gene mining and functional genomics research.However,due to the lack of effective data integration and multi-omics analysis platforms,such techniques have not still been applied widely in rape-seed,an important oil crop worldwide.Here,we report a rapeseed multi-omics database(BnlR;http:/l yanglab.hzau.edu.cn/BnlR),which provides datasets of six omics including genomics,transcriptomics,variomics,epigenetics,phenomics,and metabolomics,as well as numerous"variation-gene expression-phenotype"associations by using multiple statistical methods.In addition,a series of multi-omics search and analysis tools are integrated to facilitate the browsing and application of these datasets.BnlR is the most comprehensive multi-omics database for rapeseed so far,and two case studies demonstrated its power to mine candidate genes associated with specific traits and analyze their potential regulatory mechanisms.

碳含量对高硅高铝钢组织及石墨粒子析出行为的影响

石墨易切削钢因具有低成本、环保及优良可切削性等优点,近年来引起了国内外冶金和材料学者的广泛关注。本工作采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析仪等方法,系统研究了两种碳含量(0.20wt%和0.52wt%)对1.9wt%Si-1.1wt%Al高硅高铝钢热轧-淬火-回火过程组织变化及回火后石墨粒子析出行为的影响。结果表明,0.20wt%C的实验钢热轧→920℃淬火→回火后的组织演变为铁素体+珠光体→铁素体+“小岛”状贝氏体→铁素体+石墨粒子+少量渗碳体,而0.52wt%C的实验钢热轧→920℃淬火→回火后的组织演变为铁素体+珠光体→马氏体→铁素体+石墨粒子+少量渗碳体。在相同回火温度下,相比0.20wt%C的实验钢,0.52wt%C的实验钢中石墨粒子的数量更多、尺寸更大且更多以晶界形核方式析出。当回火温度从680℃提高至710℃,0.20wt%C的实验钢晶界上析出的石墨粒子密度从2337个/mm^(2)降至1710个/mm^(2),其平均尺寸从1.50 2μm增大至2.27μm;0.52wt%C的实验钢晶界上析出的石墨粒子密度从5244个/mm^(2)降至1938个/mm,其平均尺寸从2.36μm增大至3.45μm。钢中碳含量从0.20wt%增加至0.52wt%,可有效促进实验钢回火过程石墨粒子的形核和长大。相比710℃回火,680℃回火后的实验钢中石墨粒子数量更多且分布更为均匀,更有利于其整体切削性能的提高。

Construction of charge transfer chain in Bi_(12)TiO_(20)-Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12)/α-Bi_(2)O_(3)composites to accelerate photogenerated charge separation

Photogenerated charge separation and transfer is one of the bottleneck steps in photocatalysis,and efficient charge separation strategies are strongly desired.Here,mimicking the electron transport chain in natural photosynthesis,we report the design and fabrication of a charge transfer chain using bismuth-based semiconductor as a proof-of-concept.In view of the thermodynamic energy band positions and structural similarity based on the density functional theory(DFT)analysis,heterostructured combination ofα-Bi_(2)O_(3),perovskite-like Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12),and sillenite Bi12TiO20 was designed for fabrication of charge transfer chain.By tuning the molar ratio of Bi and Ti precursors,the Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12)and Bi12TiO20 particles were formed on the surface ofα-Bi_(2)O_(3)by an insitu transformation process,giving rise to Bi_(12)TiO_(20)-Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12)/α-Bi_(2)O_(3)composites with charge transfer chain.We propose that the effective charge transfer is accomplished amongα-Bi_(2)O_(3),Bi12TiO20,and Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12),which significantly improves the photogenerated charge separation and transfer,as indicated by photoluminescene,time-resolved photoluminescene,and electrochemical impedance spectra results.As expected,the Bi_(12)TiO_(20)-Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12)/α-Bi_(2)O_(3)shows the superior photocatalytic activity for the degradation of environmental pollutants with high concentration.Even for the refractory pollutants like 4-chlorophenol,the optimal Bi_(12)TiO_(20)-Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12)/α-Bi_(2)O_(3)composite shows 28 times higher than that ofα-Bi_(2)O_(3)for photocatalytic degradation,verifying the superiority of photogenerated charge transfer chain in photocatalysis.This work demonstrates the feasibility of the charge transfer chain strategy to boost the photogenerated charge separation,which is of great significance for designing energy and environmental-related materials in heterogonous photocatalysis.

Value of Non-tumoral Liver Volume in the Prognosis of Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients After R0 Resection

Background and Aims:Hepatectomy is an effective treatment for selected patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).This study aimed to develop a nomogram in-corporating non-tumoral liver volume(non-TLV)and liver function markers to predict the patients’overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS).Methods:Data of 198 consecutive large HCC patients who underwent hepa-tectomy at the Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University were collected.Another 68 patients from the Mengchao Hepatobil-iary Surgery Hospital served as an external validation cohort.The nomograms were developed based on the independent prognostic factors screened by multivariate Cox regression analyses.Concordance index(C-index),calibration curves,and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to measure the discrimination and predic-tive accuracy of the models.Results:High HBV DNA level,low non-TLV/ICG,vascular invasion,and a poorly differenti-ated tumor were confirmed as independent risk factors for both OS and DFS.The model established in this study pre-dicted 5-year post-operative survival and DFS in good agree-ment with the actual observation confirmed by the calibra-tion curves.The C-indexes of the nomograms in predicting OS and DFS were 0.812 and 0.823 in the training cohort,0.821 and 0.846 in the internal validation cohort,and 0.724 and 0.755 in the external validation cohort.The areas under the ROC curves(AUCs)of nomograms for predicted OS and DFS at 1,3,and 5 year were 0.85,0.86,0.83 and 0.76,0.76,0.63,respectively.Conclusions:Nomograms with non-TLV/ICG predicted the prognosis of single large HCC patients ac-curately and effectively.

民间组织与国家整合——以埃塞俄比亚厄德尔互助协会为例

厄德尔源于埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴的古拉戈人安葬逝者的互助行为,后逐渐演变为各民族广泛流行的围绕葬礼的民间互助组织。在此过程中,其参与人员从单一民族扩展为多民族,其功能伴随社会分工细化而日趋复合化,进而成为埃塞民间社会整合的重要载体。基于对厄德尔演变过程的考察可以看出,其民族性和社会性特征虽然有一定张力,但却并不必然导致冲突。在民族不平等或民族同化的环境下,厄德尔的民族性会凸显,可能会演变为民族抗议运动的载体,对国家整合构成威胁;在尊重和承认民族平等的环境下,厄德尔的社会整合功能表现得更为突出,成为促进各民族交往交流的有效机制,有利于国家整合。

Enhanced production of seed oil with improved fatty acid composition by overexpressing NAD^(+)-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in soybean

There is growing interest in expanding the production of soybean oils(mainly triacylglycerol, or TAG) to meet rising feed demand and address global energy concerns. We report that a plastidlocalized glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GPDH), encoded by GmGPDHp1 gene, catalyzes the formation of glycerol-3-phosphate(G3 P), an obligate substrate required for TAG biosynthesis.Overexpression of GmGPDHp1 increases soybean seed oil content with high levels of unsaturated fatty acids(FAs), especially oleic acid(C18:1), without detectably affecting growth or seed protein content or seed weight. Based on the lipidomic analyses, we found that the increase in G3 P content led to an elevated diacylglycerol(DAG) pool, in which the Kennedy pathwayderived DAG was mostly increased, followed by PC-derived DAG, thereby promoting the synthesis of TAG containing relatively high proportion of C18:1. The increased G3 P levels induced several transcriptional alterations of genes involved in the glycerolipid pathways. In particular, genes encoding the enzymes responsible for de novo glycerolipid synthesis were largely upregulated in the transgenic lines, in-line with the identified biochemical phenotype. These results reveal a key role for GmGPDHp1-mediated G3 P metabolism in enhancing TAG synthesis and demonstrate a strategy to modify the FA compositions of soybean oils for improved nutrition and biofuel.

靶向炎性细胞因子的生物制剂及其临床应用

细胞因子可介导许多生物学过程并受到机体的严格调节,其调节的失控可引发一系列疾病如自身免疫炎症和肿瘤。在过去的十几年中,一些能够有效调节细胞因子生物学作用的生物制剂如重组抗炎细胞因子、细胞因子受体以及中和性抗体等被广泛应用到由细胞因子失调引起的相关疾病的治疗。尤其是近年来,一些具有创新性的靶向细胞因子的新型生物制剂在不断涌现。文中对近年来国际上靶向炎症细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-17)的生物制剂的研发和临床应用的相关进展进行了综述,指出其副作用和应用风险,并结合其他学者和自己的研究工作提出减少副作用和风险的途径和方法。利用现代生物技术提高抗细胞因子生物制剂针对炎症或肿瘤组织的特异性,是靶向炎性细胞因子生物制剂未来的重要发展方向。

BnVIR:bridging the genotype-phenotype gap to accelerate mining of candidate variations underlying agronomic traits in Brassica napus

Dear Editor,Genetic variations,which range from single nucleotide polymor-phisms(SNPs)and short insertion/deletions(InDels)to large-scale structural variations(SVs),are the basis of phenotypic diversity.Understanding the effect of genetic variations on traits is critical for uncovering the genetic architecture of various phe-notypes.

魏某某的矫治个案

激情杀人犯罪,特别是手段残忍的杀人犯罪一直都是舆论关注的焦点,此类犯罪的实施者一直被外界冠以“变态”“狂魔”等称谓。但深入研究此类罪犯的心理,却往往可以在其扭曲的童年、混乱的家庭关系中找寻端倪。对此类罪犯进行转化是百转千回的过程,也是监狱矫正者的难题。可以考虑利用多学科的知识和实践矫正此类罪犯。

坦桑尼亚早期华人家族的形成与离散

20世纪20年代以来,一部分华工和华商开始在坦桑尼亚定居,并逐渐形成一定规模的家族,70年代以后,这些华人大多去世,其后裔陆续迁离了坦桑尼亚。本文基于访谈、墓碑和文献资料,从离散族群这一分析角度,详细梳理了这批坦桑尼亚华人在该国定居、发展,最终迁离的过程,认为正是华人始终秉持的家族观念和庞大的家族亲属网络激发和支持他们通过代际迁移,最终实现了再次移民的目标。尽管家族成员移民后看似离散而流落世界各地,但脱地的亲属网络将他们紧密相连,华人家族实际上是"离而不散"。