Tooth is a complex hard tissue organ and consists of multiple cell types that are regulated by important signaling pathways such as Wnt and BMP signaling.Serious injuries and/or loss of tooth or periodontal tissues ma...Tooth is a complex hard tissue organ and consists of multiple cell types that are regulated by important signaling pathways such as Wnt and BMP signaling.Serious injuries and/or loss of tooth or periodontal tissues may significantly impact aesthetic appearance,essential oral functions and the quality of life.Regenerative dentistry holds great promise in treating oral/dental disorders.The past decade has witnessed a rapid expansion of our understanding of the biological features of dental stem cells,along with the signaling mechanisms governing stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.In this review,we first summarize the biological characteristics of seven types of dental stem cells,including dental pulp stem cells,stem cells from apical papilla,stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth,dental follicle precursor cells,periodontal ligament stem cells,alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),and MSCs from gingiva.We then focus on how these stem cells are regulated by bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)and/or Wnt signaling by examining the interplays between these pathways.Lastly,we analyze the current status of dental tissue engineering strategies that utilize oral/dental stem cells by harnessing the interplays between BMP and Wnt pathways.We also highlight the challenges that must be addressed before the dental stem cells may reach any clinical applications.Thus,we can expect to witness significant progresses to be made in regenerative dentistry in the coming decade.展开更多
Inflammation is a protective response of the body to pathogens and injury.Hence,it is particularly important to explore the pathogenesis and key regulatory factors of inflammation.BMP9 is a unique member of the BMP fa...Inflammation is a protective response of the body to pathogens and injury.Hence,it is particularly important to explore the pathogenesis and key regulatory factors of inflammation.BMP9 is a unique member of the BMP family,which is widely known for its strong osteogenic potential and insensitivity to the inhibition of BMP3.Recently,several studies have reported an underlying pivotal link between BMP9 and inflammation.What is clear,though not well understood,is that BMP9 plays a role in inflammation in a carefully choreographed manner in different contexts.In this review,we have summarized current studies focusing on BMP9 and inflammation in various tissues and the latest advances in BMP9 expression,signal transduction,and crystal structure to better understand the relationship between BMP9 and inflammation.In addition,we also briefly summarized the inflammatory characteristics of some TGF-b superfamily members to provide better insights and ideas for the study of BMP9 and inflammation.展开更多
基金The authors apologize to those investigators whose original work was not cited due to space constraints.The authors’research was supported in part by research grants from the National Institutes of Health(AT004418&AR054381 to TCH&HHL)Scoliosis Research Society(MJL&TCH),the 973 Program of Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)of China(#2011CB707900 to TCH),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(#81400493 to FZ)+2 种基金Chongqing Municipal Commissions on Education(#KJ130303 to JW)Chongqing Municipal Commissions on Science&Technology(#cstc2013jcyjA0093 to JW)Chongqing Municipal Commissions Yubei District Science&Technology(#2014 Society of Human Resource Unit 14 to JW).MKM was a recipient of Howard Hughes Medical Institute Medical Research Fellowship.
文摘Tooth is a complex hard tissue organ and consists of multiple cell types that are regulated by important signaling pathways such as Wnt and BMP signaling.Serious injuries and/or loss of tooth or periodontal tissues may significantly impact aesthetic appearance,essential oral functions and the quality of life.Regenerative dentistry holds great promise in treating oral/dental disorders.The past decade has witnessed a rapid expansion of our understanding of the biological features of dental stem cells,along with the signaling mechanisms governing stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.In this review,we first summarize the biological characteristics of seven types of dental stem cells,including dental pulp stem cells,stem cells from apical papilla,stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth,dental follicle precursor cells,periodontal ligament stem cells,alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),and MSCs from gingiva.We then focus on how these stem cells are regulated by bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)and/or Wnt signaling by examining the interplays between these pathways.Lastly,we analyze the current status of dental tissue engineering strategies that utilize oral/dental stem cells by harnessing the interplays between BMP and Wnt pathways.We also highlight the challenges that must be addressed before the dental stem cells may reach any clinical applications.Thus,we can expect to witness significant progresses to be made in regenerative dentistry in the coming decade.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.81900996(D.Z.S)81771063(D.M.H)]the Postdoc Science Funding of China[No.2019M653441(D.Z.S)].
文摘Inflammation is a protective response of the body to pathogens and injury.Hence,it is particularly important to explore the pathogenesis and key regulatory factors of inflammation.BMP9 is a unique member of the BMP family,which is widely known for its strong osteogenic potential and insensitivity to the inhibition of BMP3.Recently,several studies have reported an underlying pivotal link between BMP9 and inflammation.What is clear,though not well understood,is that BMP9 plays a role in inflammation in a carefully choreographed manner in different contexts.In this review,we have summarized current studies focusing on BMP9 and inflammation in various tissues and the latest advances in BMP9 expression,signal transduction,and crystal structure to better understand the relationship between BMP9 and inflammation.In addition,we also briefly summarized the inflammatory characteristics of some TGF-b superfamily members to provide better insights and ideas for the study of BMP9 and inflammation.
