<strong>Objective</strong>: <span><span><span style="font-family:verdana;">This study evaluates the association of self-reported race with</span><span style="font-...<strong>Objective</strong>: <span><span><span style="font-family:verdana;">This study evaluates the association of self-reported race with</span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> change in ankle-brachial index (ABI) over time and modification of this association by paraoxonase gene (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">PON</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> PON</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and PON</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). </span></span><b><span style="font-family:verdana;">Methods: </span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">This longitudinal study included 11,992 (N</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><span style="font-family:verdana;">=</span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><span style="font-family:verdana;">2952 Black,</span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><span style="font-family:verdana;">N</span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><span style="font-family:verdana;">=</span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">9040 White) participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Com</span><span style="font-family:verdana;">munities (ARIC) cohort with PON genotyping. Mixed-effects models ex</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">amined whether race was associated with change in ABI over time after adjustment for known peripheral artery disease (PAD) risk factors.</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><b><span style="font-family:verdana;">Results:</span></b><i><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span></i><span style="font-family:verdana;">Change in ABI over time differed between Whites and Blacks (race-time interaction,</span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><span style="font-family:verdana;">p</span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><span style="font-family:verdana;"><</span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.0001). Stratified analyses showed that ABI values were better in both Blacks and Whites who completed high school or more education compared to those who completed less education. None of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">PON</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> SNPs met the significance level (p</span></span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><span style="font-family:verdana;"><</span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><span style="font-family:verdana;">0.001) after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. </span><b><span style="font-family:verdana;">Conclusions:</span></b><i><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span></i><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ABI differences by race were small and although statistically signif</span><span style="font-family:verdana;">icant, may not be clinically significant. Change in ABI over time varies by</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> race and may be modified by education. Results suggest that higher education may influence the lifestyle and behavioral choices contributing to better ABI in both Blacks and Whites</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Further studies are needed to confirm this observation.</span></span></span></span></span>展开更多
文摘<strong>Objective</strong>: <span><span><span style="font-family:verdana;">This study evaluates the association of self-reported race with</span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> change in ankle-brachial index (ABI) over time and modification of this association by paraoxonase gene (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">PON</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> PON</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and PON</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). </span></span><b><span style="font-family:verdana;">Methods: </span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">This longitudinal study included 11,992 (N</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><span style="font-family:verdana;">=</span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><span style="font-family:verdana;">2952 Black,</span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><span style="font-family:verdana;">N</span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><span style="font-family:verdana;">=</span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">9040 White) participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Com</span><span style="font-family:verdana;">munities (ARIC) cohort with PON genotyping. Mixed-effects models ex</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">amined whether race was associated with change in ABI over time after adjustment for known peripheral artery disease (PAD) risk factors.</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><b><span style="font-family:verdana;">Results:</span></b><i><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span></i><span style="font-family:verdana;">Change in ABI over time differed between Whites and Blacks (race-time interaction,</span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><span style="font-family:verdana;">p</span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><span style="font-family:verdana;"><</span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.0001). Stratified analyses showed that ABI values were better in both Blacks and Whites who completed high school or more education compared to those who completed less education. None of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">PON</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> SNPs met the significance level (p</span></span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><span style="font-family:verdana;"><</span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span><span style="font-family:verdana;">0.001) after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. </span><b><span style="font-family:verdana;">Conclusions:</span></b><i><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"> </span></i><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ABI differences by race were small and although statistically signif</span><span style="font-family:verdana;">icant, may not be clinically significant. Change in ABI over time varies by</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> race and may be modified by education. Results suggest that higher education may influence the lifestyle and behavioral choices contributing to better ABI in both Blacks and Whites</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Further studies are needed to confirm this observation.</span></span></span></span></span>