流量骤减工况下离心压缩机瞬态特性的数值分析

为研究离心压缩机在流量骤减过程中的瞬态特性,在设计转速下对离心压缩机模型级进行全流道非定常数值模拟,对该过程中流场结构的时空演变情况进行了捕捉,同时对级内流动稳定性以及叶轮气动载荷进行了分析。结果表明:在离心压缩机流量骤减过程中,扩压器中失速微团沿叶轮旋转反方向加速运动,在空间上呈现出由扩压器向叶轮、由轮盖向轮盘延伸的趋势;各通流部件中气体流动稳定性随流量降低逐渐变差,叶轮受到气流的轴向力与转矩变化均呈现低频大幅值脉动趋势,当该离心压缩机模型级流量降低至3.9 kg/s时,叶轮受到气体的径向力分量出现短暂的异常波动,随后径向力合力骤增近一个数量级,这对于预防离心压缩机失效等事故的发生具有重要的指导意义。

Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Solid-liquid Two-phase Flow in Centrifugal Pump

The flow with solid-liquid two-phase media inside centrifugal pumps is very complicated and the relevant method for the hydraulic design is still immature so far. There exist two main problems in the operation of the two-phase flow pumps, i.e., low overall efficiency and severe abrasion. In this study, the three-dimensional, steady, incompressible, and turbulent solid-liquid two-phase flows in a low-specific-speed centrifugal pump are numerically simulated and analyzed by using a computational fluid dynamics （CFD） code based on the mixture model of the two-phase flow and the RNG k-~ two-equation turbulence model, in which the influences of rotation and curvature are fully taken into account. The coupling between impeller and volute is implemented by means of the frozen rotor method. The simulation results predicted indicate that the solid phase properties in two-phase flow, especially the concentration, the particle diameter and the density, have strong effects on the hydraulic performance of the pump. Both the pump head and the efficiency are reduced with increasing particle diameter or concentration. However, the effect of particle density on the performance is relatively minor. An obvious jet-wake flow structure is presented near the volute tongue and becomes more remarkable with increasing solid phase concentration. The suction side of the blade is subject to much more severe abrasion than the pressure side. The obtained results preliminarily reveal the characteristics of solid-liquid two-phase flow in the centrifugal pump, and are helpful for improvement and empirical correction in the hydraulic design of centrifugal pumps.

Numerical and Experimental Investigation on Aerodynamic Performance of Small Axial Flow Fan with Hollow Blade Root

To reduce the influence of adverse flow conditions at the fan hub and improve fan aerodynamic performance, a modification of conventional axial fan blades with numerical and experimental investigation is presented. Hollow blade root is manufactured near the hub. The numerical and experimental results show that hollow blade root has some effect on the static performance. Static pressure of the modified fan is generally the same with that of the datum fan, while, the efficiency curve of the modified fan has a different trend with that of the datum fan. The highest efficiency of the modified fan is 10% greater than that of the datum fan. The orthogonal experimental re- suits of fan noise show that hollow blade root is a feasible method of reducing fan noise, and the maximum value of noise reduction is about 2 dB. The factors affecting the noise reduction of hollow blade root are in the order of importance as follows： hollow blade margin, hollow blade height and hollow blade width. The much smoother pressure distribution of the modified fan than that of the datum fan is the main mechanism of noise reduction of hollow blade root. The research results will provide the proof of the parameter optimization and the structure de- sign for high performance and low noise small axial fans.

Effect of Rotational Speed on the Stability of Two Rotating Side-by-side Circular Cylinders at Low Reynolds Number

Flow around two rotating side-by-side circular cylinders of equal diameter D is numerically studied at the Rey- nolds number 40〈 Re 〈200 and various rotation rate 8i. The incoming flow is assumed to be two-dimensional laminar flow. The governing equations are the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and solved by the finite volume method （FVM）. The ratio of the center-to-center spacing to the cylinder diameter is T/D=2. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of rotational speed and Reynolds number on the stability of the flow. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data and a good agreement is achieved. The stability of the flow is analyzed by using the energy gradient theory, which produces the energy gradient function K to identify the region where the flow is the most prone to be destabilized and the degree of the destabilization. Numerical results reveal that K is the most significant at the separated shear layers of the cylinder pair. With Re in- creases, the length of the wake is shorter and the vortex shedding generally exhibits a symmetrical distribution for θi〈θcrit. It is also shown that the unsteady vortex shedding can be suppressed by rotating the cylinders in the counter-rotating mode.

Effects of Tangential Velocity Distribution on Flow Stability in a Draft Tube

Numerical simulations of the flow in the draft tube of a Francis turbine are carried out in order to elucidate the effects of tangential velocity on flow stability.Influence of the location of the maximum tangential velocity is explored considering the equality of the total energy at the inlet of the draft tube.It is found that the amplitude of the pressure fluctuation decreases when the location of the maximum of the tangential velocity moves from the centre to the wall on the cross section.Thus,the stability of the flow in the draft tube increases with the moving of the location of the maximum tangential velocity.However,the relative hydraulic loss increases and the recovery coefficient of the draft tube decreases slightly.

An Improved Prediction Model of Vortex Shedding Noise from Blades of Fans

The main source of the noise of an axial flow fan is the fluctuating pressure field on blade surfaces caused by the shedding of vortices at the trailing edge of blades.An analytical model to predict the vortex shedding noise generated at the trailing edge of blades of axial flow fans was proposed by Lee in 1993.In this model,for mathematical convenience,an idealized vortex street is considered.However,the agreement between the analytical results and the experimental data needs to be improved because of the simplification about the Karman vortex street in the wake of blade.In the present study,a modified model is proposed based on the prediction model by Lee.The boundary layer theory is used to analyze and calculate the boundary layer development on both the pressure and the suction sides of blades.Considering the effect of boundary layer separation on the location of noise source,the predicted overall sound pressure level compares favorably with the experimental data of an axial fan.In the calculation of A-weighted sound pressure level(La),considering the effect of static pressure on radiate energy,the predicted broadband noise with the modified model compares favorably with the experimental data of a multiblade centrifugal fan.