Marine dissolved organic matter （DOM） is one of the largest dynamic pools of organic carbon in the global carbon cycle, yet DOM is still chemically poorly characterized. To better understand the origin, composition,...Marine dissolved organic matter （DOM） is one of the largest dynamic pools of organic carbon in the global carbon cycle, yet DOM is still chemically poorly characterized. To better understand the origin, composition, and cycling of DOM in the China marginal sea, dissolved humic substances （DHS） were isolated from seawaters in two locations in the Southern Yellow Sea. The DHS were subdivided into fulvic acids （FAs）, humic acids （HAs） and the XAD-4 fractions. Complementary analytical approaches were used to characterize the isolated DHS samples including stable carbon isotopic composition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, ~3C cross polarization magic angle spinning （CP/MAS） nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）, and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （Py-GC/MS）. The results demonstrated that both DHS samples encountered the influences from marine source, indicating that algal and microbial-derived materials are the predominant precursors for the studied samples. The three fractions of DHS showed different properties. FAs presented more aromatic features, whereas HAs contained more aliphatic lipids and proteinaceous materials. The XAD-4 fractions were enriched in 13C and contained more carbohydrates but less aromatic compounds. The lower molecular weight and higher heteroatom content and number of carboxyl groups for the XAD-4 fractions may give them considerable geochemical significance for aspects of trace metal species, bioavailability of pollutants, mineral weathering and water acidification in marine environments.展开更多
234Th is widely used to quantify the magnitude of upper ocean particulate organic carbon （POC） export in oceans. In the present work, the rates of particulate organic carbon export were measured based on the distrib...234Th is widely used to quantify the magnitude of upper ocean particulate organic carbon （POC） export in oceans. In the present work, the rates of particulate organic carbon export were measured based on the distribution patterns of 234Th/238U disequilibrium in the water column within the continental slope of the East China Sea （ECS） during May 2011. The profiles of particulate and dissolved 234Th activities at all three stations showed a relative deficit with respect to 238U in the upper 100 m of the water column. The dissolved 234Th scavenging rates and the particulate 234Th removal rates and their residence times were calculated by a one-dimensional steady state model. The results showed that the dissolved a34Th scavenging rates and the particulate 234Th removal rates ranged from 12.4-61.4 dpm/（m3.d） and from 3.8-21.8 dpm/（m3.d）, respectively. The residence times of dissolved and particulate 234Th were in the range of 3.4-158 d and 63.7- 96.5 d, respectively. Combined with the measurement of POC/Z34Th ratios of suspended particles, POC export flux （calculated by carbon） from the euphotic zone was estimated in the study region, which ranged from 4.14-14.7 mmol/（m2 .d）, with an average of 8.21 mmol/（m3.d）, occupying 35% of the prime productivity in the study area. The results of this study can provide new information for better understanding the carbon biogeochemical cycle within the continental slope of the ECS.展开更多
目前,在临床中仅应用自体骨已不能满足骨缺损治疗的需求。β-磷酸三钙(beta-tricalcium phosphate,β-TCP)类骨移植替代物因具有良好的修复效果和一定的骨诱导能力而受到广泛关注。可降解β-TCP植入人体后可有效调控炎症,促进血管再生,...目前,在临床中仅应用自体骨已不能满足骨缺损治疗的需求。β-磷酸三钙(beta-tricalcium phosphate,β-TCP)类骨移植替代物因具有良好的修复效果和一定的骨诱导能力而受到广泛关注。可降解β-TCP植入人体后可有效调控炎症,促进血管再生,并以膜内成骨的方式形成新骨,实现骨缺损的愈合。对β-TCP诱导间质干细胞分化为成骨细胞机制的探索也从未停止,最初将骨诱导性归功于被释放钙磷离子和被吸附蛋白的功能,最近的研究热点是材料表面结构对细胞的影响(即整合素与细胞骨架被改变),以及调节信号通路的传导,包括丝裂原活化蛋白激酶/细胞外信号调节激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK/extracellular regulated protein kinases,ERK)通路、WNT家族分泌蛋白通路、Hippo-Yes相关蛋白/转录共激活因子(Yes-associated protein,YAP/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif,TAZ)通路等。目前,β-TCP产品的基础结构日趋成熟,宏观与微观设计也被不断创新,相关骨移植替代物广泛用于临床,经临床研究证实具有长期的安全性和有效性。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41403108)the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y412011004)the Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(No.2014-ZJ-937Q)
文摘Marine dissolved organic matter （DOM） is one of the largest dynamic pools of organic carbon in the global carbon cycle, yet DOM is still chemically poorly characterized. To better understand the origin, composition, and cycling of DOM in the China marginal sea, dissolved humic substances （DHS） were isolated from seawaters in two locations in the Southern Yellow Sea. The DHS were subdivided into fulvic acids （FAs）, humic acids （HAs） and the XAD-4 fractions. Complementary analytical approaches were used to characterize the isolated DHS samples including stable carbon isotopic composition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, ~3C cross polarization magic angle spinning （CP/MAS） nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）, and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （Py-GC/MS）. The results demonstrated that both DHS samples encountered the influences from marine source, indicating that algal and microbial-derived materials are the predominant precursors for the studied samples. The three fractions of DHS showed different properties. FAs presented more aromatic features, whereas HAs contained more aliphatic lipids and proteinaceous materials. The XAD-4 fractions were enriched in 13C and contained more carbohydrates but less aromatic compounds. The lower molecular weight and higher heteroatom content and number of carboxyl groups for the XAD-4 fractions may give them considerable geochemical significance for aspects of trace metal species, bioavailability of pollutants, mineral weathering and water acidification in marine environments.
基金The National Key Basic Research Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under contract Nos 2011CB409801 and 2010DFA24590the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41240038
文摘234Th is widely used to quantify the magnitude of upper ocean particulate organic carbon （POC） export in oceans. In the present work, the rates of particulate organic carbon export were measured based on the distribution patterns of 234Th/238U disequilibrium in the water column within the continental slope of the East China Sea （ECS） during May 2011. The profiles of particulate and dissolved 234Th activities at all three stations showed a relative deficit with respect to 238U in the upper 100 m of the water column. The dissolved 234Th scavenging rates and the particulate 234Th removal rates and their residence times were calculated by a one-dimensional steady state model. The results showed that the dissolved a34Th scavenging rates and the particulate 234Th removal rates ranged from 12.4-61.4 dpm/（m3.d） and from 3.8-21.8 dpm/（m3.d）, respectively. The residence times of dissolved and particulate 234Th were in the range of 3.4-158 d and 63.7- 96.5 d, respectively. Combined with the measurement of POC/Z34Th ratios of suspended particles, POC export flux （calculated by carbon） from the euphotic zone was estimated in the study region, which ranged from 4.14-14.7 mmol/（m2 .d）, with an average of 8.21 mmol/（m3.d）, occupying 35% of the prime productivity in the study area. The results of this study can provide new information for better understanding the carbon biogeochemical cycle within the continental slope of the ECS.
文摘目前,在临床中仅应用自体骨已不能满足骨缺损治疗的需求。β-磷酸三钙(beta-tricalcium phosphate,β-TCP)类骨移植替代物因具有良好的修复效果和一定的骨诱导能力而受到广泛关注。可降解β-TCP植入人体后可有效调控炎症,促进血管再生,并以膜内成骨的方式形成新骨,实现骨缺损的愈合。对β-TCP诱导间质干细胞分化为成骨细胞机制的探索也从未停止,最初将骨诱导性归功于被释放钙磷离子和被吸附蛋白的功能,最近的研究热点是材料表面结构对细胞的影响(即整合素与细胞骨架被改变),以及调节信号通路的传导,包括丝裂原活化蛋白激酶/细胞外信号调节激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK/extracellular regulated protein kinases,ERK)通路、WNT家族分泌蛋白通路、Hippo-Yes相关蛋白/转录共激活因子(Yes-associated protein,YAP/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif,TAZ)通路等。目前,β-TCP产品的基础结构日趋成熟,宏观与微观设计也被不断创新,相关骨移植替代物广泛用于临床,经临床研究证实具有长期的安全性和有效性。
