锥形撒肥圆盘中肥料颗粒运动模型优化与试验

针对锥形撒肥圆盘存在抛施肥均匀性差、相关理论和解析模型研究较少等问题,建立了肥料颗粒在锥形撒肥圆盘上及空气中的运动模型。分析锥形撒肥圆盘结构和运动参数对肥料颗粒自旋性的影响,将肥料颗粒的自旋性充分考虑在整个运动过程中,进而得到影响抛撒均匀性及抛撒幅宽的主要因素。采用正交试验方案研究了叶片长度、叶片倾角、锥形撒肥圆盘转速对肥料颗粒抛撒的横向变异系数的影响。对正交试验结果进行方差和极差分析,结果表明:叶片长度为145 mm、叶片倾角为0°、锥形撒肥圆盘转速为1 200 r/min时,抛撒的横向变异系数为5.80%,满足抛施肥作业要求。该研究可提高马铃薯锥盘式撒肥机施肥作业效率,为锥盘式撒肥机的设计提供理论参考。

双行牵引式马铃薯挖掘机的设计与试验

针对目前我国马铃薯挖掘机存在的机具作业阻力较大、易堵塞及明薯率较低等问题,设计了一种牵引式马铃薯挖掘机,通过对整机结构和工作原理的阐述及对挖掘铲工作部件关键尺寸的理论分析,得到了机具挖掘铲、分离输送装置等关键部件的具体结构尺寸。对整机的作业性能进行田间试验,结果表明:该机能够一次性完成挖掘、薯土分离及成条铺放等作业,挖掘深度符合马铃薯收获要求,机具的伤薯率较低、明薯率较高,各项指标均满足马铃薯的收获要求,且作业稳定性较好,提高了马铃薯的收获质量。

驱动式马铃薯中耕机的设计与仿真分析

针对我国传统中耕机械存在的碎土效果不理想、易缠绕堵塞的特点,设计了一种驱动式马铃薯中耕机。该机能够一次性完成垄间松土、碎土、除草及培土等作业。对中耕机旋转单体中的碎土刀进行受力、刀的排列等分析,并通过ANSYS软件对旋转单体进行运动仿真。仿真结果总变形和等效应力验证了旋转单体的可靠性,证明了该机具可以实现深松、碎土等工作过程。机具结构设计合理,为中国北方等粘重土壤地区的中耕作业提供了技术支持,也为马铃薯中耕机的设计改进与优化提供了理论支撑和技术参考。

Design and Experiment of four Lines Trailed Potato Fertilization Seeder

In order to solve the problems which are widespread in potato seeding planter, such as lower operating efficiency, unideal performance index, higher replay rate and leakage rate and uneven spacing sowing in seeding operating, a trailed potato fertilization seeder was designed. The key components of the special structure had been got through the description of the structure and working principle of the whole machine. A crossing seed-taken technology along with the vibration component was adopted to achieve precision seeding. The results showed in the feld test of the machine： all the performance indexes of the machine met the agronomic requirement of potato planting; the multiple and missing index were low; it completed the ditching, fertilizing, seeding as well as ridging in one planting process; its operation effciency was high and the stability was good. This design of the trailed potato fertilization seeder provided a reference for the development of large traction-type potato seeding machine.