Retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for unilateral synchronous multifocal renal carcinoma with different pathological types:A case report

BACKGROUND The majority of renal cell carcinomas are single lesions;unilateral synchronous multifocal renal carcinoma(USMRC)is rarely reported and poses a treatment challenge for urological oncologists.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old man was hospitalized for pain and discomfort in the right kidney area for 6 d.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography demonstrated cT1a renal tumors at the lower pole of the right kidney and a cT1b renal tumor at the middle dorsal portion of the right kidney.The patient underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy(RLPN).There were no complications peri-operatively.Histopathology revealed a low-grade,pathologic stage T1a(pT1a),clear cell renal cell carcinoma at the lower pole of the right kidney and a pT1b,chromophobe renal cell carcinoma at the middle dorsal portion of the right kidney.No tumor bed recurrence or metastasis was observed on imaging and his renal function remained stable during the 12-mo follow-up period.CONCLUSION RLPN is a safe,effective,and feasible for the management of USMRC,which can obtain equivalent oncological results with optimal renal function preservation.

Neural Correlates of Spatial Navigation in Primate Hippocampus

The hippocampus has been extensively implicated in spatial navigation in rodents and more recently in bats.Numerous studies have revealed that various kinds of spatial information are encoded across hippocampal regions.In contrast,investigations of spatial behavioral correlates in the primate hippocampus are scarce and have been mostly limited to head-restrained subjects during virtual navigation.However,recent advances made in freely-moving primates suggest marked differences in spatial representations from rodents,albeit some similarities.Here,we review empirical studies examining the neural correlates of spatial navigation in the primate(including human)hippocampus at the levels of local field potentials and single units.The lower frequency theta oscillations are often intermittent.Single neuron responses are highly mixed and task-dependent.We also discuss neuronal selectivity in the eye and head coordinates.Finally,we propose that future studies should focus on investigating both intrinsic and extrinsic population activity and examining spatial coding properties in large-scale hippocampal-neocortical networks across tasks.

CTAB Assisted Synthesis of CuS Microcrystals:Synthesis,Mechanism,and Electrical Properties

CuS microcrystals were successfully prepared through a mild solvothermal reaction in ethylene glycol （EG） with the assistance of cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB）. An interesting morphology evolution from flower-like microspheres to hollow microspheres, and finally to smooth nanoflakes was observed when increasing the amount of CTAB. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and UV-vis spectroscopy. It was found that the amount of CTAB played an important role in determining the morphology of the CuS microcrystals. Electrical measurement reveals that the as-prepared CuS microspheres were of high conductivity, which might favor their device applications. It is expected that CuS microcrystals with controlled morphologies and structures will have important applications in solar cells. This simple but effective method could also be extended to the controlled growth of other inorganic microcrystals.