含过渡金属氮化物的纳米多层薄膜增韧的研究进展

过渡金属氮化物(transition metal nitrides,TMNs)因具有硬度高、热稳定性好等特点,被作为一种硬质纳米多层薄膜在工程领域得到广泛使用。但TMNs低的韧性限制了其作为纳米多层薄膜在先进制造领域的发展。如何在保持高硬度的前提下增加薄膜的韧性,成为超硬薄膜面临的新挑战。综述了TMNs纳米多层薄膜的增韧研究进展,包括TMNs薄膜传统的增韧方法(延性相增韧、相变增韧、压应力增韧、结构优化增韧)以及通过提高价电子浓度来增强硬质陶瓷薄膜韧性的可行途径;并提出通过合理的化学成分、宏观结构(衬底约束)和微观结构(原子有序)的设计,可以获得超硬和超韧的超晶格TMNs薄膜。

Bio-inspired Graphene-enhanced Thermally Conductive Elastic Silicone Rubber as Drag Reduction Material

This study presented a graphene platelet/silicone rubber （GPL/SR） composite as a drag reduction material, inspired by the boundary heating drag reduction mechanism of dolphin skin. Graphene was added as a thermally conductive filler at weight fractions of 0.17 wt%, 0.33 wt% and 0.67 wt% to pristine silicone rubber （PSR）. Tests of the thermal conductivity and tensile properties showed that the thermal conductivity of all three GPL/SR materials of 0.17 wt%, 0.33 wt% and 0.67 wt% graphene were 20%, 40% and 50% higher than that of the P SR, respectively, and the elastic modulus of the 0.17 wt% GPL/SR materials was lowest. Droplet velocity testing, which can reflect the drag reduction mechanism of the heating boundary controlled by the GPL/SR composite, was performed between 0.33 wt% GPL/SR, which typically exhibits good mechanical properties and thermal conductivity performance, and the PSR. The results showed that on the 0.33 wt% GPL/SR, the droplet velocity was higher and the rolling angle was lower, implying that the GPL/SR composite had a drag-reducing function. In terms of the drag reduction mechanism, the heat conductivity performance of the GPL/SR accelerated the heat transfer between the GPL/SR composite surface and the droplet. The forces between the molecules decreased and the droplet dynamic viscosity was reduced. The drag of a sliding water droplet was proportional to the dynamic viscosity, which resulted in drag reduction. The application of GPL/SR material to the control fluid medium should have important value for fluid machinery.

Antifouling Technology Trends in Marine Environmental Protection

Marine fouling is a worldwide problem,which is harmful to the global marine ecological environment and economic benefits.The traditional antifouling strategy usually uses toxic antifouling agents,which gradually exposes a serious environmental problem.Therefore,green,long-term,broad-spectrum and eco-friendly antifouling technologies have been the main target of engineers and researchers.In recent years,many eco-friendly antifouling technologies with broad application prospects have been developed based on the low toxicity and non-toxicity antifouling agents and materials.In this review,contemporary eco-friendly antifouling technologies and materials are summarized into bionic antifouling and non-bionic antifouling strategies(2000-2020).Non-bionic antifouling technologies mainly include protein resistant polymers,antifoulant releasing coatings,foul release coatings,conductive antifouling coatings and photodynamic antifouling technology.Bionic antifouling technologies mainly include the simulated shark skin,whale skin,dolphin skin,coral tentacles,lotus leaves and other biology structures.Brief future research directions and challenges are also discussed in the end,and we expect that this review would boost the development of marine antifouling technologies.

Novel Anti-fouling Strategies of Live and Dead Soft Corals(Sarcophyton trocheliophorum):Combined Physical and Chemical Mechanisms

At present,biomimetic antifouling research objects are mostly concentrated on the fast-moving marine organism,but the anti-fouling effect of the low-speed or static marine equipment is not obvious.This paper describes the anti-fouling mechanism of soft coral(Sarcophyton trocheliophorum),including the physical defense mechanism and the bactericidal ability of mucus and coral powder.As a sessile organisms,soft coral lacks escape mechanism.Therefore,the study on its antibacterial strategy is significant because it can provide theoretical guidance for static antifouling.Results showed that the live soft coral would molt in unfriendly environment,and the secreted mucus could defend themselves against fouling microorganism.Then,Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(LC-MS)analysis was conducted to identify the bioactive compounds of the coral powder and mucus.Results revealed that both powder and mucus contained a wide variety of toxic components,which had bactericidal effects.Moreover,at the same concentration,the inhibitory effect of the main components on Gram-negative bacteria was stronger than that on positive bacteria.These findings enhance the understanding about the antifouling mechanism of soft coral and provide new ideas for design and prepare novel antifouling strategy to combat biofouling under static condition.