Growth performance,oxidative stress and immune status of newly weaned pigs fed peroxidized lipids with or without supplemental vitamin E or polyphenols

Background:This study evaluated the use of dietary vitamin E and polyphenols on growth,immune and oxidative status of weaned pigs fed peroxidized lipids.A total of 192 piglets(21 days of age and body weight of 6.62±1.04 kg)were assigned within sex and weight blocks to a 2×3 factorial arrangement using 48 pens with 4 pigs per pen.Dietary treatments consisted of lipid peroxidation(6%edible soybean oil or 6%peroxidized soybean oil),and antioxidant supplementation(control diet containing 33 IU/kg DL-α-tocopheryl-acetate;control with 200 IU/kg additional dl-α-tocopheryl-acetate;or control with 400 mg/kg polyphenols).Pigs were fed in 2 phases for 14 and 21 days,respectively.Results:Peroxidation of oil for 12 days at 80°C with exposure to 50 L/min of air substantially increased peroxide values,anisidine value,hexanal,and 2,4-decadienal concentrations.Feeding peroxidized lipids decreased(P<0.001)body weight(23.16 vs.18.74 kg),daily gain(473 vs.346 g/d),daily feed intake(658 vs.535 g/d)and gain:feed ratio(719 vs.647 g/kg).Lipid peroxidation decreased serum vitamin E(P<0.001)and this decrease was larger on day 35(1.82 vs.0.81 mg/kg)than day 14(1.95 vs.1.38 mg/kg).Supplemental vitamin E,but not polyphenols,increased(P≤0.002)serum vitamin E by 84%and 22%for control and peroxidized diets,respectively(interaction,P=0.001).Serum malondialdehyde decreased(P<0.001)with peroxidation on day 14,but not day 35 and protein carbonyl increased(P<0.001)with peroxidation on day 35,but not day 14.Serum 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was not affected(P>0.05).Total antioxidant capacity decreased with peroxidation(P<0.001)and increased with vitamin E(P=0.065)and polyphenols(P=0.046)for the control oil diet only.Serum cytokine concentrations increased with feeding peroxidized lipids on day 35,but were not affected by antioxidant supplementation(P>0.05).Conclusion:Feeding peroxidized lipids negatively impacted growth performance and antioxidant capacity of nursery pigs.Supplementation of vitamin E and polyphenols improved total antioxidant capacity,especially in pigs fed control diets,but did not restore growth performance.

Sow performance in response to natural betaine fed during lactation and post-weaning during summer and non-summer months

Background: Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary natural betaine on sow reproductive performance during summer(Exp. 1) and non-summer months(Exp. 2). Treatments were designed as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with factors including dietary betaine(0 or 0.2%) and period of supplementation(lactation or post-weaning until 35 days post-insemination). In Exp. 1, 322 and 327 sows and in Exp. 2, 300 and 327 sows representing young(parity 1 and 2) and mature(parity 3 to 6) sows, respectively, were used.Results: In Exp. 1, supplementation of betaine during lactation increased sow body weight losses(-11.95 vs.-14.63 kg;P = 0.024), reduced feed intake(4.12 vs. 4.28 kg/d;P = 0.052), and tended to reduce percentage of no-value pigs(P = 0.071). Betaine fed post-weaning reduced weaning-to-estrus interval(5.75 vs. 6.68 days;P = 0.054) and farrowing rate(86.74% vs. 91.36%;P = 0.060), regardless of parity group. Post-hoc analysis with sows clustered into 3 parity groups(1, 2 and 3, and 4+) indicated that betaine fed in lactation to parity 4+ sows(P = 0.026) and betaine fed post-weaning to parity 1 sows increased the number of pigs born in the subsequent cycle(P ≤ 0.05). In Exp. 2, betaine fed during lactation tended to reduce the weaning-to-estrus interval(6.64 vs. 7.50 days;P = 0.077) and farrowing rate(88.23% vs.83.54%;P = 0.089), regardless of parity group. Feeding betaine post-weaning reduced number of pigs born(13.00 vs.13.64;P = 0.04) and pigs born alive(12.30 vs. 12.82;P = 0.075), regardless of parity group.Conclusions: Using 0.2% betaine during the non-summer months did not benefit sow performance. During the summer, betaine supplementation in lactation increased subsequent litter size in parity 4+ sows. Betaine fed during the post-weaning period reduced the wean-to-estrus interval and farrowing rate, increased total number of pigs born for parity 1 sows and reduced total number of pigs born to parity 4+ sows. Further research is needed to determine if the detrimental effects on feed intake and farrowing rate may be correlated and depend on dietary betaine level.

饲喂含水解羽毛粉的日粮对生长肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状、养分消化率和粪便气味混合物的影响

本研究拟测定水解羽毛粉成分对现代瘦肉基因型猪的生长性能、胴体性状、养分消化率及粪中气味混合物的影响。选择 2 4 0头体重在 2 3.2± 1.3kg的猪 ,根据体重和性别进行 2× 6因子的随机区组设计 (每个处理 4圈 ,每圈 5头猪 )。因素包括 :1性别 (去势公猪或青年母猪 ) ;2日粮处理(分别添加 0 %、2 %、4 %、6 %、8%、10 %的水解羽毛粉 )。在 1～ 4试验阶段的日粮配合中 ,分别给以 1.0 0 %、0 .90 %、0 .75 %、0 .6 0 %的表观回肠可消化赖氨酸 ,其他氨基酸按理想氨基酸的比例供给 ,各阶段的有效磷和代谢能保持恒定。在生长性能上未发现羽毛粉成分和性别之间有显著的互作关系(P>0 .15 )。喂给 10 %羽毛粉的猪比喂 0、4 %、8%的猪体增重低 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,采食量比 0 ,4 %组低 (P<0 .0 5 )。随着羽毛粉添加水平的增加 ,超声波测定背膘厚有增加的趋势 (P =0 .12 )。喂给 10 %羽毛粉的猪日瘦肉增重比 0 %、2 %、4 %、8%的少 (P<0 .0 5 )。第 9周测定氮消化率发现 ,随羽毛粉添加量的增加氮的消化率呈二次减少 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,磷的消化率呈线性增加 (P<0 .0 2 ) ,且这种消化率的提高在去势公猪上比青年母猪更明显 (P<0 .0 5 )。从喂给 0 %、4 %、8%羽毛粉的猪群中取粪样分析气味混合物 ,发现喂给羽毛粉的猪粪其丁?